代际融合视角下老幼共托模式的实践困境与优化路径——以C市L社区为例

Practical Challenges and Optimization Pathways for Intergenerational Childcare Models from a Generational Integration Perspective:A Case Study of L Community in City C

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作者:

黄圆圆

导师:

金莹

导师单位:

政治与公共管理学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

代际融合;老幼共托;养老服务;托幼服务

摘要:

随着我国人口结构的变化,养老需求和托育需求呈现同步快速增长的趋势。一方面,老年人口规模持续扩大,老龄化程度不断加深,养老需求由基本照料向多层次、多样化转变,社会和家庭的养老压力日益加重。另一方面,家庭结构的小型化与功能弱化,使家庭内部托育支持能力下降,托育需求随之上升,且家庭对托育服务的专业性与质量提出了更高要求。在此背景下,如何在有限资源条件下统筹解决“一老一小”问题,提升养老服务与托育服务的可及性与便利性,成为当前基层公共服务供给体系建设中的重要议题。为积极应对人口结构变化带来的现实挑战,近年来,国家先后印发《关于促进3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务发展的指导意见》、《关于促进养老托育服务健康发展的意见》、《“十四五”积极应对人口老龄化工程和托育建设实施方案》等政策文件,这些政策不仅为托养机构的发展提供了基本要求和方向,还鼓励各地积极探索创新的服务模式,强调统筹推进养老与托育服务体系建设的重要性。同时明确指出要从政策资金、税费减免、人才供给、提供场地等方面提供支持,助力老幼共托模式健康稳定发展。在现实需求与政策导向的共同推动下,老幼共托服务模式应运而生,该模式以老年人和婴幼儿为服务对象,通过在同一社区空间内整合养老与托育资源,探索老幼群体的服务供给方式。这种新兴的服务模式不仅能有效缓解养老与托育领域的双重压力,还能够促进代际之间的互动与融合,打造健康和谐的社区环境。本研究以案例分析法为研究方法,综合区位、经济、政策等因素,选择C市L社区的老幼共托模式为研究对象,该社区是C市首个老幼共托社区,在C市老幼共托模式中具有较强的典型性和代表性。在研究过程中,通过实地访谈和问卷调查相结合的方式,对社区工作人员、养老服务站负责人和养老服务站工作人员、托育园负责人和托育园工作人员、幼儿家属及老年顾客,共计8名相关人员进行访谈。同时面向参与服务的老年人、幼儿及其家属、社区居民发放问卷,共计发放问卷103份,回收有效问卷103份。围绕L社区老幼共托模式的运行情况,本研究重点从该托养方式的基本模式、场地设施、服务对象、服务内容、服务供给主体、联合监管主体以及资金来源进行较为全面的梳理与分析,并对老幼共托模式的运行效果进行了评估。结果显示,参与老幼共托服务的老年人及幼儿家属的整体接纳度较高,持续参与意愿和对服务的总体满意度处于较高水平,表明该模式在满足社区养老与托育需求方面具有一定的现实可行性。然而,结合代际团结理论的分析框架发现,该机构在老幼融合的深度、服务内容的多样化、复合型人才供给、设施与设备的完备程度以及服务规范化等方面仍存在不足。通过分析发现,法律制度的不完善、跨部门协作不足、社会认知制约、资金供给有限、人才培养供给机制失调是是阻碍该模式发展的主要原因。因此,本研究结合代际团结理论和福利多元主义理论,从完善制度设计、丰富服务内容、优化专业人才培养机制、提升社会认知等方面入手,推动政府、社区、家庭与社会组织等多元主体协同参与,拓展代际互动形式,营造良好的代际共融环境。

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学科:

公共管理

提交日期

2026-08-28

引用参考

黄圆圆. 代际融合视角下老幼共托模式的实践困境与优化路径——以C市L社区为例[D]. 西南政法大学,2026.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 代际融合视角下老幼共托模式的实践困境与优化路径——以C市L社区为例
  • dc.title
  • Practical Challenges and Optimization Pathways for Intergenerational Childcare Models from a Generational Integration Perspective:A Case Study of L Community in City C
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20231252002327
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 黄圆圆
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 政治与公共管理学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 公共管理硕士专业学位
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2026
  • dc.contributor.direction
  • 基层治理
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 金莹
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 政治与公共管理学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 代际融合,老幼共托,养老服务,托幼服务
  • dc.subject
  • Intergenerational integration; Elderly and child care services; Elderly care services; Child care services
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 随着我国人口结构的变化,养老需求和托育需求呈现同步快速增长的趋势。一方面,老年人口规模持续扩大,老龄化程度不断加深,养老需求由基本照料向多层次、多样化转变,社会和家庭的养老压力日益加重。另一方面,家庭结构的小型化与功能弱化,使家庭内部托育支持能力下降,托育需求随之上升,且家庭对托育服务的专业性与质量提出了更高要求。在此背景下,如何在有限资源条件下统筹解决“一老一小”问题,提升养老服务与托育服务的可及性与便利性,成为当前基层公共服务供给体系建设中的重要议题。为积极应对人口结构变化带来的现实挑战,近年来,国家先后印发《关于促进3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务发展的指导意见》、《关于促进养老托育服务健康发展的意见》、《“十四五”积极应对人口老龄化工程和托育建设实施方案》等政策文件,这些政策不仅为托养机构的发展提供了基本要求和方向,还鼓励各地积极探索创新的服务模式,强调统筹推进养老与托育服务体系建设的重要性。同时明确指出要从政策资金、税费减免、人才供给、提供场地等方面提供支持,助力老幼共托模式健康稳定发展。在现实需求与政策导向的共同推动下,老幼共托服务模式应运而生,该模式以老年人和婴幼儿为服务对象,通过在同一社区空间内整合养老与托育资源,探索老幼群体的服务供给方式。这种新兴的服务模式不仅能有效缓解养老与托育领域的双重压力,还能够促进代际之间的互动与融合,打造健康和谐的社区环境。本研究以案例分析法为研究方法,综合区位、经济、政策等因素,选择C市L社区的老幼共托模式为研究对象,该社区是C市首个老幼共托社区,在C市老幼共托模式中具有较强的典型性和代表性。在研究过程中,通过实地访谈和问卷调查相结合的方式,对社区工作人员、养老服务站负责人和养老服务站工作人员、托育园负责人和托育园工作人员、幼儿家属及老年顾客,共计8名相关人员进行访谈。同时面向参与服务的老年人、幼儿及其家属、社区居民发放问卷,共计发放问卷103份,回收有效问卷103份。围绕L社区老幼共托模式的运行情况,本研究重点从该托养方式的基本模式、场地设施、服务对象、服务内容、服务供给主体、联合监管主体以及资金来源进行较为全面的梳理与分析,并对老幼共托模式的运行效果进行了评估。结果显示,参与老幼共托服务的老年人及幼儿家属的整体接纳度较高,持续参与意愿和对服务的总体满意度处于较高水平,表明该模式在满足社区养老与托育需求方面具有一定的现实可行性。然而,结合代际团结理论的分析框架发现,该机构在老幼融合的深度、服务内容的多样化、复合型人才供给、设施与设备的完备程度以及服务规范化等方面仍存在不足。通过分析发现,法律制度的不完善、跨部门协作不足、社会认知制约、资金供给有限、人才培养供给机制失调是是阻碍该模式发展的主要原因。因此,本研究结合代际团结理论和福利多元主义理论,从完善制度设计、丰富服务内容、优化专业人才培养机制、提升社会认知等方面入手,推动政府、社区、家庭与社会组织等多元主体协同参与,拓展代际互动形式,营造良好的代际共融环境。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • With shifts in China's demographic structure, demand for eldercare and childcare services is growing rapidly in tandem. On one hand, the elderly population continues to expand and aging intensifies, transforming eldercare needs from basic assistance to multi-tiered and diversified support. This places increasing pressure on both society and families to provide care. On the other hand, the trend toward smaller family units and weakened family functions has diminished the capacity for in-home childcare support, driving up demand for childcare services. Families now place higher demands on the professionalism and quality of these services. Against this backdrop, how to coordinate solutions for the “elderly and young” under limited resources, while enhancing the accessibility and convenience of elderly care and childcare services, has become a critical issue in building grassroots public service delivery systems. To actively address the practical challenges posed by demographic shifts, in recent years, the state has successively issued policy documents such as the “Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Infant Care Services for Children Under Three,” the “Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of Elderly Care and Childcare Services,” and the “Implementation Plan for the 14th Five-Year Plan on Actively Responding to Population Aging and Childcare Development.” These policies not only provide fundamental requirements and direction for the development of care institutions but also encourage localities to actively explore innovative service models, emphasizing the importance of coordinating the advancement of elderly care and childcare service systems. Simultaneously, it explicitly states that support should be provided in areas such as policy funding, tax and fee reductions, talent supply, and venue provision to facilitate the healthy and stable development of the intergenerational care model. Driven by both practical needs and policy direction, the intergenerational care service model has emerged. This model targets both the elderly and infants/toddlers, exploring service delivery methods for these groups by integrating eldercare and childcare resources within the same community space. This emerging service model not only effectively alleviates dual pressures in elderly care and childcare sectors but also promotes intergenerational interaction and integration, fostering a healthy and harmonious community environment.This study employs case analysis methodology, considering factors such as location, economy, and policy. It selects the elderly-childcare co-support model in Community L of City C as its research subject. As City C's first elderly-childcare co-support community, it demonstrates strong typicality and representativeness within the city's elderly-childcare co-support framework. During the research process, a combination of field interviews and questionnaire surveys was employed. Interviews were conducted with eight relevant personnel, including community staff, managers and staff of the elderly care service station, managers and staff of the childcare center, families of young children, and elderly customers. Simultaneously, questionnaires were distributed to participating elderly individuals, young children and their families, and community residents. A total of 103 questionnaires were distributed, with 103 valid responses collected. Focusing on the operational status of the intergenerational care model in Community L, this study comprehensively examined and analyzed its fundamental framework, facilities, service recipients, service content, service providers, joint oversight bodies, and funding sources. It also evaluated the operational effectiveness of this intergenerational care model. Results indicate high overall acceptance among participating elderly and childcare families, with sustained engagement intentions and high levels of satisfaction, demonstrating the model's practical feasibility in meeting community eldercare and childcare needs. However, analysis through the lens of intergenerational solidarity theory reveals shortcomings in the depth of elderly-child integration, service diversity, provision of multi-skilled personnel, adequacy of facilities and equipment, and service standardization. Key barriers to development include incomplete legal frameworks, insufficient cross-departmental coordination, societal perception constraints, limited funding, and dysfunctional talent cultivation mechanisms. Therefore, this study integrates intergenerational solidarity theory and the theory of welfare pluralism to propose solutions. These include refining institutional design, enriching service offerings, optimizing professional talent development mechanisms, and enhancing societal awareness. By promoting collaborative participation among diverse stakeholders—including government, communities, families, and social organizations—the study aims to expand forms of intergenerational interaction and foster a conducive environment for intergenerational integration.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-06-04
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2026-05-26
  • dc.relation.citedreferences
  • 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