归属院系：

国际法学院

作者：

孙小然

导师：

周江

导师单位：

国际法学院

学位：

硕士

语种：

中文

关键词：

BBNJ协定, “不损害”条款, 条约解释, 全球海洋治理

摘要：

随着人类对海洋资源开发利用活动的不断深化，国家管辖范围以外区域（Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction，ABNJ）的海洋生物多样性保护问题日益成为国际海洋治理的重要议题。随着人类对海洋空间与资源开发利用强度的不断提升，传统以《联合国海洋法公约》（UNCLOS）为核心构建的全球海洋治理体系在ABNJ领域暴露出明显的制度碎片化问题，具体表现为规则体系分散、国际机构职权交织、治理标准不统一以及监管真空长期存在。这种碎片化不仅削弱了海洋生物多样性保护的整体效能，也加剧了全球海洋治理中的公平性与效率危机。在此背景下，UNCLOS框架下的国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性养护和可持续利用协定（BBNJ协定）历经多年谈判，于2023年达成案文共识并进入签署与生效阶段，标志着国际社会试图通过制度整合应对ABNJ治理困境的重要进展。在该协定的制度设计中，“不损害”（not undermine）条款具有重要的基础性地位，其核心目的在于协调BBNJ协定与现有国际法律文书、框架以及相关全球、区域和部门性机构之间的关系，以避免新协定对既有海洋治理机制产生削弱或冲突。然而，由于“不损害”条款表述原则性较强，其规范内涵、适用范围以及在具体制度中的运行方式仍存在一定的不确定性，有必要从国际法解释和制度运行的角度进行系统研究。本文以BBNJ协定中的“不损害”条款为研究对象，在梳理其制度背景与条约文本的基础上，重点探讨该条款的规范内涵、制度运行及中国因应路径。首先，从全球海洋治理体系的整体结构出发，分析“不损害”条款产生的制度背景，并通过梳理不同阶段的谈判文本，厘清“不损害”条款的发展。其次，在条约解释规则基础上对“不损害”条款的规范内涵进行系统界定。依据《维也纳条约法公约》确立的条约解释方法，对“not undermine”的语义及其条约语境进行分析，并结合BBNJ协定整体制度结构，对“不损害”条款的规范内涵进行梳理。同时，本文还通过比较分析进一步厘清“不损害”（not undermine）与“不妨害”（without prejudice）两类条款在制度功能上的差异，从而为理解BBNJ协定相关条款体系提供更加清晰的解释框架。再次，从协定制度运行层面考察“不损害”条款在BBNJ协定四大议题中的具体适用方式。通过分析相关制度条款，探讨“不损害”原则在不同制度领域中的运行逻辑与协调机制。通过对四大议题的分析，更为具体地理解“不损害”条款在BBNJ协定制度运行中的实际作用。最后，从中国参与全球海洋治理的视角探讨“不损害”条款下的中国因应路径，在分析BBNJ协定制度结构及相关国际机制关系的基础上，从国际与国内两个层面提出相应建议。本文通过对“不损害”条款的规范内涵、制度运行及中国因应路径的系统研究，旨在深化对BBNJ协定制度结构及其在全球海洋治理体系中作用的理解，并为未来协定实施过程中的制度协调与规则适用提供一定的理论参考。

参考文献：

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学科：

国际法学

提交日期：

2026-08-28

引用参考：

孙小然. BBNJ协定中“不损害”条款的研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2026.

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