《保护非物质文化遗产公约》中的联合申报制度研究

A Study on the Multinational Nomination System in the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage

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归属院系：

国际法学院

作者：

白雪琦

导师：

全小莲

导师单位：

国际法学院

学位：

硕士

语种：

中文

关键词：

非物质文化遗产;联合申报;文化主权;文化共有性

摘要：

非物质文化遗产在漫长的历史流变与空间传承中，其产生与演进往往超越了现代主权国家的地理疆域，这种天然的跨国界性构成了联合申报制度的逻辑基础。尽管《保护非物质文化遗产公约》（以下简称《公约》）将联合申报视为维护文化多样性与完整性的核心路径，但在现实语境下，受制于国家间制度性的利益分配机制及复杂的地缘政治博弈，该制度常被策略性地回避或放弃，致使其在保护非物质文化遗产中并未发挥出应有作用，同时在化解纠纷、协调国家间文化博弈时常常陷入效力困境。因此，重新审视并激活《公约》中联合申报的法律价值，对于践行《公约》倡导的国际合作与人类共享精神具有重要意义。本文共分为五个部分对上述问题进行论述。第一部分，对联合申报机制的制度基础与实践图景进行全面概述。溯源该机制的法律渊源，系统回顾该制度从确立、动力转换到综合改革的历史演变轨迹，通过实证数据分析当前全球联合申报的实践情况，总结其地缘分布、文化特征及典型的合作模式，为后续问题的提出奠定现实与规范基础。第二部分，深度剖析联合申报制度下驱动力不足的深层根源。切入实践痛点，以中日韩三国共享的非遗项目为典型，揭示地缘政治波动与制度性信任危机如何导致区域内国家竞相单独申报。从动机异化角度，剖析缔约国对《公约》初衷的误解，指出将非遗保护等同于确立文化所有权的产权化倾向。在理论层面揭示国家利益导向对人类共同财富理念的冲击，论证现行名录制度下排他性保护与国际合作失衡，进而导致联合激励机制彻底失灵。第三部分，审视联合申报制度在功能运作上的内在缺失。本部分主要从法律定性不清、核查体系的缺位和《公约》主体权力的不对等三个维度进行论述。第四部分，聚焦联合申报制度在争端与违约情形下救济机制的失灵。通过梳理现有的项目增补与除名等实施机制，剖析惩戒性除名机制在程序法上的适用障碍，指出当前制度既无法对违约缔约国进行申报资格限制，亦缺乏国际基金分配的实质性约束，导致机制整体处于失能状态。第五部分，立足全球非遗治理框架，提出制度重构的优化方案与中国因应策略。主张构建更为严密的程序化规制，在此基础上，结合中国的文化大国地位与地缘现实，提出中国参与全球非遗治理的立场与实践策略，推动国内立法与国际条约义务的有效衔接，深化跨国文化合作。

参考文献：

一、中文参考文献（一）著作类1.李浩培：《条约法概论》，北京：法律出版社，2003年版。2.倪彩霞、欧阳光、宋俊华：《非物质文化遗产丛书 非物质文化遗产保护法制建设研究》，广东：中山大学出版社，2022版。3.唐海清：《国际法视野下非物质文化遗产保护问题研究》，北京：法律出版社，2018年版。4.塞缪尔·亨廷顿著，周琪、刘绯、张立平等译，《文明的冲突与世界秩序的重建》，北京：新华出版社，2010年版。5.卢卡斯·李新基著；程乐，李俭等译，《文化遗产国际法律译丛 国际法中的非物质文化遗产》，北京：中国民主法制出版社，2021版。（二）论文类6.高圣惕、梅晶晶：“大陆架界限委员会如何处理‘争端’”，《边界与海洋研究》,2021年,第6卷第2期。第24-51页。7.王云霞：“《保护非物质文化遗产公约》重要精神及其对完善中国非遗法治建设的启示”，《中国非物质文化遗产》，2024年第2期。8.王云霞、张蕊: “‘一带一路’倡议下文化遗产国际区域合作的法律思考”，《西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版) 》，2018第3期。9.安德明：“创建文化交会区：中国式现代化进程中的非物质文化遗产保护”，《西北民族研究》，2024年第5期。10.刘晓：“‘一带一路’倡议下非物质文化遗产国际保护的中国进路”，《贵州师范大学学报(社会科学版）》，2021年第6期。11.蔡佳钰：“非物质文化遗产的国际法律保护概述”，《法制与社会》，2011年第34期。12.黄永林：“非遗传承主体和保护主体的责任与协同”，《民俗研究》，2024年第6期。13.宋俊华：“非遗生态保护的中国探索”，《文化遗产》，2025年第4期。14.马千里：“教科文组织非遗项目申报中的若干共性问题”，《民俗研究》，2017年第6期。15.巴莫曲布嫫：“何谓非物质文化遗产？”，《民间文化论坛》，2020年第1期。16.白松强、李惠：“前瞻与思辨：拓展非物质文化遗产保护研究的国际视角——评UNESCO《保护非物质文化遗产公约》述论”，《中国非物质文化遗产》，2023年第4期。17.巴莫曲布嫫：“申遗与履约：从《保护非物质文化遗产公约》20年进程看中国实践与中国经验”，《民俗研究》，2023年第6期。18.冯莉：“中国与UNESCO合作保护非物质文化遗产的历史进程”，《文化遗产》，2024第6期。19.张劲盛：“中蒙两国联合申报蒙古族长调民歌的经验与启示”，《文化遗产》，2021年第3期。20.孙燕：“世界文化遗产申报评估机制面临的挑战与应对”，《自然与文化遗产研究》，2020年第5卷第2期。21.徐桐：“世界文化遗产申报审议环节的博弈关系分析”，《中国文化遗产》，2018年第1期。22.齐亚拉·波多洛多、马庆凯：“联合国教科文组织与遗产自决：保护非物质文化遗产政府间委员会的意义协商”，《民族艺术》，2024年第4期。23.张翠霞：“‘一带一路’倡议下世界非物质文化遗产保护思考”，《原生态民族文化学刊》，2019年第2期。24.马千里、顾媛：“非遗保护国际合作中的联合申遗研究”，《文化遗产》，2020年第4期。25.林龙飞、黄光辉、王艳：“多国共有非物质文化遗产申报战略探析———以中秋节为例”，《中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)》，2009年第4期。26.高丙中：“《保护非物质文化遗产公约》的精神构成与中国实践”，中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)，2017 年第37卷第4期。27.张东明、朴松喜：“东亚文化共同体视角下的中日韩人文学术交流”，《当代韩国》，2015年第1期。28.朝戈金: “非物质文化遗产：从学理到实践”，《西北民族大学学报》（哲学社会科学版），2015年第2期。29.吴汉东：“论传统文化的法律保护——以非物质文化遗产和传统文化表现形式为对象”，《中国法学》，2010年第1期。30.朱刚：“‘一带一路’倡议与非物质文化遗产保护的国际合作”，《西北民族研究》，2017年第3期。31.谢中元：“‘一带一路’建设与非物质文化遗产保护问题探论”，《理论导刊》,2017年第7期。二、外文参考文献（一）著作类32.Bendix, Regina, Aditya Eggert, and Arnika Peselmann, eds, Heritage regimes and the state, Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2013.33.Brumann, C. The Best We Share: Nation, Culture and World-Making in the UNESCO World Heritage Arena, Berghahn Books, 2021.（二）论文类34.Aykan, B,“‘Patenting’ Karagöz: UNESCO, nationalism and multinational intangible heritage,” International Journal of Heritage Studies, Vol.21,2015.35.Ke, X.“South Korea’s intangible cultural heritage claims and China’s ontological security. International Journal of Cultural Policy,” Vol.28, 2022. 36.Debarbieux, B., Bortolotto, C., Munz, H., & Raziano, C. ,“Sharing heritage? Politics and territoriality in UNESCO’s heritage lists,” Territory, Politics, Governance, Vol.11,2023.37.Wang, J., Su, M. M., Wall, G., Dong, H., & Zhang, H. “Intergenerational evolution of intangible cultural heritage through tourism development: perspectives of practitioners in Hangzhou China,” International Journal of Heritage Studies, Vol.30,2024.38.Nakano, R. “A Geocultural Power Competition in UNESCO’s Silk Roads Project: China’s Initiatives and the Responses From Japan and South Korea,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, Vol.52,2022.39.Sargent, S. “Fractured Resemblances: Contested Multinational Heritage and Soft Power,” International Journal of Cultural Property, Vol.27,2020.40.Lázaro Ortiz, S., & Jiménez de Madariaga, C. “The UNESCO convention for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage: a critical analysis.” International Journal of Cultural Policy, Vol.28,2022.41.Debarbieux, B. “Imaginaries and Rhetorics of globality in Unesco’s Intangible Cultural Heritage,” L’Espace géographique, Vol.49,2020.42.Varpahovskis, E. “Intangible Cultural Heritage: Is it a Platform for Cooperation or Competition between Cultural Diplomacies? The Case of South Korea–Japan–China relations within UNESCO’s ICH Framework,” SNU Journal of International Affairs, Vol.3,2018.43.Debarbieux, B./Munz, H.A.“Scaling Heritage. The construction of scales in the submission process of alpinism to UNESCO’s intangible cultural heritage list,” International Journal of Heritage Studies,Vol. 25,2019.44.Lynn Meskell. “UNESCO and the Fate of the World Heritage Indigenous Peoples Council of Experts（WHIPCOE）,”International Journal of Cultural Property.Vol. 20,2013.45.Janet Blake. “Some Reflections on the Meaning and Implications of Community Involvement in Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage,” Harmattan. 2013.46.Nakano, R. “Heritage Soft Power in East Asia’s Memory Contests: Promoting and Objecting to Dissonant Heritage in UNESCO.” Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia. Vol.17,2018.47. Franeeseo Franeioni, "The Human Dimension of International Cultural Heritage Law: An introduetion",EllL,Vol.22,2013.48.Ortiz, Saúl Lázaro & Jiménez de Madariaga, Celeste.“The UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage: A Critical Analysis.”International Journal of Cultural Policy, Vol.28, 2021.49.Kurin R. “Safeguarding intangible cultural heritage: Key factors in implementing the 2003 Convention.” International journal of intangible heritage, Vol.2, 2007.50.KIRSHENBLATT-GIMBLETT B. “Intangible Heritage as Metacultural Production,”Museum International,  Vol.56,2004.51.Lenzerini F. “Intangible cultural heritage: The living culture of peoples,” European journal of international law, Vol.22,2011.52.Falk, M.T., Hagsten, E. “Intangible Cultural Heritage differently exposed across continents,” npj Herit. Sci. Vol.13,2025.三、其他53.2025年非物质文化遗产保护工作会在云南大理召开，中华人民共和国文化和旅游部政府门户网站，https://www.mct.gov.cn/wlbphone/wlbydd/xxfb/jiaodianxinwen/202511/t20251123_963379.54.世界各国联合申报项目汇总，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/lists?text=&multinational=2#tabs。55.Arabic calligraphy: knowledge, skills and practices，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/arabic-calligraphy-knowledge-skills-and-practices-01718。56.Henna: rituals, aesthetic and social practices，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/henna-rituals-aesthetic-and-social-practices-02116。57.Arabic Kohl，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/arabic-kohl-02261。58.Date palm, knowledge, skills, traditions and practices，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/date-palm-knowledge-skills-traditions-and-practices-01902，。59.Art of dry stone construction, knowledge and techniques，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/art-of-dry-stone-construction-knowledge-and-techniques-02106。60.Craftsmanship of mechanical watchmaking and art mechanics，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/craftsmanship-of-mechanical-watchmaking-and-art-mechanics-01560。61.Craft techniques and customary practices of cathedral workshops, or Bauhütten, in Europe, know-how, transmission, development of knowledge and innovation，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/BSP/craft-techniques-and-customary-practices-of-cathedral-workshops-or-bauhutten-in-europe-know-how-transmission-development-of-knowledge-and-innovation-01558。62.Transhumance, the seasonal droving of livestock，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/transhumance-the-seasonal-droving-of-livestock-01964。63.Nauryz，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/nawrouz-novruz-nowrouz-nowrouz-nawrouz-nauryz-nooruz-nowruz-navruz-nevruz-nowruz-navruz-02097。64.Traditional knowledge and skills in making Kyrgyz, Kazakh and Karakalpak yurts (Turkic nomadic dwellings)，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/traditional-knowledge-and-skills-in-making-kyrgyz-kazakh-and-karakalpak-yurts-turkic-nomadic-dwellings-02284。65.Knowledge, know-how and practices pertaining to the production and consumption of couscous，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/falconry-a-living-human-heritage-01708。66.Guruna, a practice of pastoral, socio-cultural and artistic retreats centered on livestock among the Massa，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/guruna-a-practice-of-pastoral-socio-cultural-and-artistic-retreats-centered-on-livestock-among-the-massa-02260。67.Mvet Oyeng, musical art, practices and skills associated with the Ekang community，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/mvet-oyeng-musical-art-practices-and-skills-associated-with-the-ekang-community-02253。68.Kimjang, making and sharing kimchi in the Republic of Korea，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kimjang-making-and-sharing-kimchi-in-the-republic-of-korea-00881。69.Dragon Boat festival，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/dragon-boat-festival-00225。70. Chinese traditional architectural craftsmanship for timber-framed structures，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/chinese-traditional-architectural-craftsmanship-for-timber-framed-structures-00223。71. Traditional skills, techniques and knowledge for the conservation and transmission of wooden architecture in Japan，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/traditional-skills-techniques-and-knowledge-for-the-conservation-and-transmission-of-wooden-architecture-in-japan-02293。72.Urtiin Duu, traditional folk long song，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/urtiin-duu-traditional-folk-long-song-00115。73. Tango，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/tango-00258。74. Baltic song and dance celebrations，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/baltic-song-and-dance-celebrations-00087。75. Summer solstice fire festivals in the Pyrenees，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/summer-solstice-fire-festivals-in-the-pyrenees-01073。76.rabic coffee, a symbol of generosity，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/arabic-coffee-a-symbol-of-generosity-02111。77.Falconry, a living human heritage，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/falconry-a-living-human-heritage-01708。78.Gangneung Danoje festival，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/gangneung-danoje-festival-00114。79.Washi, craftsmanship of traditional Japanese hand-made paper，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/washi-craftsmanship-of-traditional-japanese-hand-made-paper-02291。80.Tugging rituals and games，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/tugging-rituals-and-games-01080。

学科：

国际法学

提交日期：

2026-08-28

引用参考：

白雪琦. 《保护非物质文化遗产公约》中的联合申报制度研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2026.

全文附件授权许可：

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 《保护非物质文化遗产公约》中的联合申报制度研究
  • dc.title
  • A Study on the Multinational Nomination System in the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20230301091005
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 白雪琦
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 国际法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士学位
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2026
  • dc.contributor.direction
  • 国际公法
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 全小莲
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 国际法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 非物质文化遗产,联合申报,文化主权,文化共有性
  • dc.subject
  • Intangible cultural heritage; Multinational nominations; Cultural sovereignty; Cultural commonality
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 非物质文化遗产在漫长的历史流变与空间传承中，其产生与演进往往超越了现代主权国家的地理疆域，这种天然的跨国界性构成了联合申报制度的逻辑基础。尽管《保护非物质文化遗产公约》（以下简称《公约》）将联合申报视为维护文化多样性与完整性的核心路径，但在现实语境下，受制于国家间制度性的利益分配机制及复杂的地缘政治博弈，该制度常被策略性地回避或放弃，致使其在保护非物质文化遗产中并未发挥出应有作用，同时在化解纠纷、协调国家间文化博弈时常常陷入效力困境。因此，重新审视并激活《公约》中联合申报的法律价值，对于践行《公约》倡导的国际合作与人类共享精神具有重要意义。本文共分为五个部分对上述问题进行论述。第一部分，对联合申报机制的制度基础与实践图景进行全面概述。溯源该机制的法律渊源，系统回顾该制度从确立、动力转换到综合改革的历史演变轨迹，通过实证数据分析当前全球联合申报的实践情况，总结其地缘分布、文化特征及典型的合作模式，为后续问题的提出奠定现实与规范基础。第二部分，深度剖析联合申报制度下驱动力不足的深层根源。切入实践痛点，以中日韩三国共享的非遗项目为典型，揭示地缘政治波动与制度性信任危机如何导致区域内国家竞相单独申报。从动机异化角度，剖析缔约国对《公约》初衷的误解，指出将非遗保护等同于确立文化所有权的产权化倾向。在理论层面揭示国家利益导向对人类共同财富理念的冲击，论证现行名录制度下排他性保护与国际合作失衡，进而导致联合激励机制彻底失灵。第三部分，审视联合申报制度在功能运作上的内在缺失。本部分主要从法律定性不清、核查体系的缺位和《公约》主体权力的不对等三个维度进行论述。第四部分，聚焦联合申报制度在争端与违约情形下救济机制的失灵。通过梳理现有的项目增补与除名等实施机制，剖析惩戒性除名机制在程序法上的适用障碍，指出当前制度既无法对违约缔约国进行申报资格限制，亦缺乏国际基金分配的实质性约束，导致机制整体处于失能状态。第五部分，立足全球非遗治理框架，提出制度重构的优化方案与中国因应策略。主张构建更为严密的程序化规制，在此基础上，结合中国的文化大国地位与地缘现实，提出中国参与全球非遗治理的立场与实践策略，推动国内立法与国际条约义务的有效衔接，深化跨国文化合作。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Throughout its long historical evolution and spatial transmission, intangible cultural heritage has often emerged and evolved beyond the geographical boundaries of modern sovereign states; This inherent transnational nature forms the logical foundation of the multinational nomination system. Although the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (hereinafter referred to as the “Convention”) regards multinational nomination as a core pathway for preserving cultural diversity and integrity, in practice, constrained by institutional mechanisms for the distribution of interests among nations and complex geopolitical dynamics, this system is often strategically avoided or abandoned. Consequently, it has failed to play its due role in protecting intangible cultural heritage and often faces challenges in ineffectiveness when resolving disputes and coordinating cultural competitions among nations. Therefore, re-examining and revitalizing the legal value of multinational nominations under the Convention is of great significance for putting into practice the spirit of international cooperation and shared humanity advocated by the Convention.This paper discusses the aforementioned issues in five sections.The first section provides a comprehensive overview of the institutional foundations and practical landscape of the multinational nomination mechanism. It traces the legal origins of the mechanism, systematically reviews its historical evolution from establishment to a shift in driving forces to comprehensive reform, and analyzes the current state of global joint application practices using empirical data. By summarizing its geographical distribution, cultural characteristics, and typical cooperation models, this section lays the empirical and normative groundwork for subsequent discussions.Part II conducts an in-depth analysis of the underlying causes of insufficient driving force within the joint application system. Addressing practical challenges, it uses intangible cultural heritage projects shared by China, Japan, and South Korea as case studies to reveal how geopolitical fluctuations and institutional trust crises have led to a race among regional nations to submit separate nominations. From the perspective of the alienation of motives, this section analyzes the misunderstandings of contracting parties regarding the original intent of the Convention and points out the tendency to equate the protection of intangible cultural heritage with the establishment of cultural ownership rights. On a theoretical level, it reveals the impact of national-interest orientation on the concept of humanity’s shared heritage, argues that the current inventory system creates an imbalance between exclusive protection and international cooperation, and demonstrates how this ultimately leads to the complete failure of the joint incentive mechanisms.Part III examines the inherent deficiencies in the functional operation of the joint declaration system. This section mainly discusses the issue from three dimensions: unclear legal definitions, the absence of a verification system, and the asymmetry of rights among the parties to the Convention.Part Four focuses on the failure of the multinational nomination system's remedial mechanisms in cases of disputes and breaches of contract. By reviewing existing mechanisms such as the addition and removal of projects, this section analyzes the procedural obstacles to the application of punitive removal mechanisms. It points out that the current system is unable to restrict the nomination eligibility of contracting parties in breach of contract and lacks substantive constraints on the allocation of international funds, resulting in the overall dysfunction of the mechanism.Part Five, based on the global framework for intangible cultural heritage governance, proposes an optimized solution for institutional restructuring and corresponding strategies for China. It advocates for the establishment of a more rigorous procedural regulatory framework. Building upon this foundation and taking into account China's status as a major cultural power and its geopolitical realities, it proposes China's stance and practical strategies for participating in global intangible cultural heritage governance, promotes the effective alignment of domestic legislation with international treaty obligations, and deepens transnational cultural cooperation.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-06-04
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2026-05-29
  • dc.relation.citedreferences
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Vol.13,2025.三、其他53.2025年非物质文化遗产保护工作会在云南大理召开，中华人民共和国文化和旅游部政府门户网站，https://www.mct.gov.cn/wlbphone/wlbydd/xxfb/jiaodianxinwen/202511/t20251123_963379.54.世界各国联合申报项目汇总，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/lists?text=&multinational=2#tabs。55.Arabic calligraphy: knowledge, skills and practices，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/arabic-calligraphy-knowledge-skills-and-practices-01718。56.Henna: rituals, aesthetic and social practices，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/henna-rituals-aesthetic-and-social-practices-02116。57.Arabic Kohl，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/arabic-kohl-02261。58.Date palm, knowledge, skills, traditions and practices，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/date-palm-knowledge-skills-traditions-and-practices-01902，。59.Art of dry stone construction, knowledge and techniques，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/art-of-dry-stone-construction-knowledge-and-techniques-02106。60.Craftsmanship of mechanical watchmaking and art mechanics，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/craftsmanship-of-mechanical-watchmaking-and-art-mechanics-01560。61.Craft techniques and customary practices of cathedral workshops, or Bauhütten, in Europe, know-how, transmission, development of knowledge and innovation，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/BSP/craft-techniques-and-customary-practices-of-cathedral-workshops-or-bauhutten-in-europe-know-how-transmission-development-of-knowledge-and-innovation-01558。62.Transhumance, the seasonal droving of livestock，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/transhumance-the-seasonal-droving-of-livestock-01964。63.Nauryz，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/nawrouz-novruz-nowrouz-nowrouz-nawrouz-nauryz-nooruz-nowruz-navruz-nevruz-nowruz-navruz-02097。64.Traditional knowledge and skills in making Kyrgyz, Kazakh and Karakalpak yurts (Turkic nomadic dwellings)，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/traditional-knowledge-and-skills-in-making-kyrgyz-kazakh-and-karakalpak-yurts-turkic-nomadic-dwellings-02284。65.Knowledge, know-how and practices pertaining to the production and consumption of couscous，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/falconry-a-living-human-heritage-01708。66.Guruna, a practice of pastoral, socio-cultural and artistic retreats centered on livestock among the Massa，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/guruna-a-practice-of-pastoral-socio-cultural-and-artistic-retreats-centered-on-livestock-among-the-massa-02260。67.Mvet Oyeng, musical art, practices and skills associated with the Ekang community，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/mvet-oyeng-musical-art-practices-and-skills-associated-with-the-ekang-community-02253。68.Kimjang, making and sharing kimchi in the Republic of Korea，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kimjang-making-and-sharing-kimchi-in-the-republic-of-korea-00881。69.Dragon Boat festival，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/dragon-boat-festival-00225。70. Chinese traditional architectural craftsmanship for timber-framed structures，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/chinese-traditional-architectural-craftsmanship-for-timber-framed-structures-00223。71. Traditional skills, techniques and knowledge for the conservation and transmission of wooden architecture in Japan，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/traditional-skills-techniques-and-knowledge-for-the-conservation-and-transmission-of-wooden-architecture-in-japan-02293。72.Urtiin Duu, traditional folk long song，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/urtiin-duu-traditional-folk-long-song-00115。73. Tango，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/tango-00258。74. Baltic song and dance celebrations，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/baltic-song-and-dance-celebrations-00087。75. Summer solstice fire festivals in the Pyrenees，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/summer-solstice-fire-festivals-in-the-pyrenees-01073。76.rabic coffee, a symbol of generosity，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/arabic-coffee-a-symbol-of-generosity-02111。77.Falconry, a living human heritage，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/falconry-a-living-human-heritage-01708。78.Gangneung Danoje festival，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/gangneung-danoje-festival-00114。79.Washi, craftsmanship of traditional Japanese hand-made paper，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/washi-craftsmanship-of-traditional-japanese-hand-made-paper-02291。80.Tugging rituals and games，参见联合国教科文组织官网Intangible Cultural Heritage，https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/tugging-rituals-and-games-01080。
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