无人驾驶智能汽车交通事故法律责任研究

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作者:

唐丽雅

导师:

胡大武

导师单位:

经济法学院(生态法学院)

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

无人驾驶;交通事故;民事责任

摘要:

近年来,无人驾驶技术发展迅速,同时无人驾驶智能汽车交通事故也频繁发生,这 些事故警示着人们,无人驾驶技术给现行法体系带来了挑战,特别是无人驾驶导致的与 责任法的关系,需要法律研究者们系统研究和分析。 文章聚焦 Uber 交通事故致死案,从案件事实、责任争议焦点、现有裁判者观点和 立法讨论四个方面进行分析说明。在此基础上,笔者站在汽车产品利益链条的视角,研 究我国的民事责任分配逻辑。从自动化分级、驾驶人的民事责任、汽车制造商的民事责 任、自动驾驶智能系统提供者的民事责任四个维度进行详细的系统解析。通过借鉴其他 国家的制度,分别从确立多元归责原则、丰富第三者强制责任保险制度、创设保证金制 度和创建“双轨制”保险系统四个方面探讨无人驾驶智能汽车事故赔偿责任制度的构建。近年来,美国官方和相关企业,从制度、技术等多方面入手,努力促进无人驾驶智能汽 车的发展。然而,在发展的过程中,一次又一次的交通事故警示着我们,除了在各个层 面大力支持自动驾驶的高速发展外,更需要相应的法律制度,为自动驾驶事业的发展保 驾护航。美国在拟定法规时,重视预防现有 FMVSS 对引入自动车概念产生限制,尽量 做到不过度抑制创新的同时,帮助自动化车辆安全地履行其职能。这也是我国在进行相 关立法时,应该重视和参考的。 无人驾驶汽车的民事责任认定不仅是法律与技术的结合,也是法律与治理的结合。无人驾驶是未来汽车技术发展的必然趋势。然而,实现这一终极目标需要经历不同的技 术阶段。在不同的技术阶段,汽车驾驶事故的责任结构也不同。在中、短期,自动驾驶系统的引入并没有完全改变传统汽车事故责任制,需要通过驱动自动驾驶汽车的生产者,智能驾驶系统的开发者,车辆的使用者对受害人承担连带责任来完善相关法律制度。从 长远来看,驾驶员对自动驾驶系统的正常操作是否出错的举证问题,黑客入侵而造成的 交通事故责任承担问题,汽车遇险“紧急避让”造成事故的归责问题,保证金制度或补偿 金制度的制定等等,都需要通过立法予以确认。

学科:

经济法学

提交日期

2026-04-13

引用参考

唐丽雅. 无人驾驶智能汽车交通事故法律责任研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2019.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 无人驾驶智能汽车交通事故法律责任研究
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 29130501032
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 唐丽雅
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2019
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 胡大武
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 无人驾驶;交通事故;民事责任
  • dc.subject
  • Driverless;Traffic accidents;Civil liability
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 近年来,无人驾驶技术发展迅速,同时无人驾驶智能汽车交通事故也频繁发生,这 些事故警示着人们,无人驾驶技术给现行法体系带来了挑战,特别是无人驾驶导致的与 责任法的关系,需要法律研究者们系统研究和分析。 文章聚焦 Uber 交通事故致死案,从案件事实、责任争议焦点、现有裁判者观点和 立法讨论四个方面进行分析说明。在此基础上,笔者站在汽车产品利益链条的视角,研 究我国的民事责任分配逻辑。从自动化分级、驾驶人的民事责任、汽车制造商的民事责 任、自动驾驶智能系统提供者的民事责任四个维度进行详细的系统解析。通过借鉴其他 国家的制度,分别从确立多元归责原则、丰富第三者强制责任保险制度、创设保证金制 度和创建“双轨制”保险系统四个方面探讨无人驾驶智能汽车事故赔偿责任制度的构建。近年来,美国官方和相关企业,从制度、技术等多方面入手,努力促进无人驾驶智能汽 车的发展。然而,在发展的过程中,一次又一次的交通事故警示着我们,除了在各个层 面大力支持自动驾驶的高速发展外,更需要相应的法律制度,为自动驾驶事业的发展保 驾护航。美国在拟定法规时,重视预防现有 FMVSS 对引入自动车概念产生限制,尽量 做到不过度抑制创新的同时,帮助自动化车辆安全地履行其职能。这也是我国在进行相 关立法时,应该重视和参考的。 无人驾驶汽车的民事责任认定不仅是法律与技术的结合,也是法律与治理的结合。无人驾驶是未来汽车技术发展的必然趋势。然而,实现这一终极目标需要经历不同的技 术阶段。在不同的技术阶段,汽车驾驶事故的责任结构也不同。在中、短期,自动驾驶系统的引入并没有完全改变传统汽车事故责任制,需要通过驱动自动驾驶汽车的生产者,智能驾驶系统的开发者,车辆的使用者对受害人承担连带责任来完善相关法律制度。从 长远来看,驾驶员对自动驾驶系统的正常操作是否出错的举证问题,黑客入侵而造成的 交通事故责任承担问题,汽车遇险“紧急避让”造成事故的归责问题,保证金制度或补偿 金制度的制定等等,都需要通过立法予以确认。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • In recent years, driverless technology has developed rapidly. However, traffic accidents related to driverless intelligent cars also occur frequently. These accidents warn people that driverless technology has brought challenges to the current legal system. In particular, the relationship between driverless driving and liability law needs to be systematically studied and analyzed by legal researchers. This article focuses on the fatal traffic accident caused by Uber, deeply analyzing the way that the US authorities investigate the accident and the disputes in consequence from four angles: case facts, focus of liability disputes, existing referee’s opinion and the discussion of legislation. On this basis, in the viewpoint of profit chain of driving cars, this paper studies the distribution logic of civil liability of our country systematically from four aspects: the automatic classification, the civil liability of the driver, the civil liability of the automobile manufacturer and the civil liability of the autopilot system provider. At the same time, this article discusses the system construction of accident compensation liability of driverless intelligent cars traffic accidents by drawing lessons from the system of other countries from four parts: the establishment of the principle of pluralistic imputation, the modification of the third party compulsory liability insurance system, the creation of margin system and the founding of “two-track system”.For the past few years, the US authorities and the related companies have put efforts on promoting the development of driverless intelligent cars from many aspects, such as systems, technologies, etc. However, on the track of development, multiple traffic accidents warn us again and again that besides the strongly supports on the high speed development of automatic drive at all levels, corresponding legal system is also needed to escort the rapid development of autonomous driving. In formulating regulations, the United States attaches importance to the challenges that existing FMVSS may pose to the introduction of the concept of automatic vehicles, ensures that existing regulations do not unduly inhibit innovation and helps automated vehicles perform their functions safely. This is also what China should pay attention to and take a reference from in its relevant legislation. The identification of the civil liability of driverless vehicles is not only the combination of law and technology, but also the combination of law and governance. Driverless technology is the inevitable trend of the development of automotive technology in the future. And it can be predicted that in a few years, there will be no manned vehicles in the streets.1 However, achieving this ultimate goal requires different technical stages. In different technicalstages, the responsibility structure of automobile driving accident is also different. In the shortand medium term, the introduction of autopilot systems has not completely changed theresponsibility system of the traditional automobile accidents. It is necessary to drive theproducers of autonomous cars and the developers of intelligent driving systems, and the usersof vehicles to bear joint and several liability to the victims to improve the relevant legalsystem. In the long run, the driver's proof of the correctness of the normal operation of theautopilot system, the traffic accidents caused by hackers, the "emergency avoidance" inautomobile distress, and the in-depth study of product liability, and the establishment ofmargin system or compensation fund system, and so on, need confirming by legislation.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-04-13
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