实质合并规则在关联企业破产中的适用

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作者:

郭森玉

导师:

吴长波

导师单位:

民商法学院(知识产权学院)

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

实质合并;关联企业;法人人格混同

摘要:

关联企业具有巨大的经济价值,但因我国公司法等商事法律均以单体企业为基础来构建基本制度框架,对于关联企业这一新兴企业形态并未予以足够重视。法律规制的缺位,为关联企业利用内部关联关系进行不当利益转移、侵害外部债权人利益等违法行为留下空间,关联企业运作机制的合法性面临拷问。不规范关联企业的破产因涉及主体众多、彼此利益冲突严重,更为复杂,我们需要应对关联企业破产带来的司法挑战。虽然实质合并破产还未明确纳入我国成文法,但司法实践中已有大量的相关判例,且具有良好的法律、社会效果。本文围绕实质合并规则在关联企业破产中的适用,分四部分进行论述: 第一部分,实质合并规则的基本理论,通过学习总结国内外多位破产法学界的专家学者的观点,从制度价值、适用条件与结果、具体方法等角度对实质合并规则的概念进行阐述。其次,通过与法人人格否认、衡平居次、破产撤销权等其他相关制度进行比较,进一步明确实质合并规则的内涵。最后,明确实质合并规则具有理论正当性,企业主体理论和民法基本原则为其提供理论基础。 第二部分,我国实质合并破产的司法现状分析,从实体与程序两个方面考察。实体方面主要围绕司法裁判标准与法律依据选择等角度展开。程序方面主要围绕实质合并破产程序类型、实质合并破产程序启动模式、实质合并破产的申请主体范围以及实质合并破产程序中债权人知情权、异议权的保障等角度展开。 第三部分,分析我国实质合并破产司法实践中存在的问题,从实体和程序两个方面考察。在实体方面,主要存在裁判标准单一,集中于对法人人格混同,以及资产分离难度考察,对债权人收益关注不足;法律依据不统一,法院裁定实质合并破产的法条依据存在针对性、明确性不强的问题。在程序方面,存在程序启动模式不统一,司法实践中三种程序启动模式并行;申请人范围狭窄,申请主体局限于债权人、债务人、管理人;以及债权人知情权、异议权的程序保障不完善,司法实践对实质合并破产是否经过债权人会议表决的处理方法不一等问题 第四部分,提出实质合并规则在我国关联企业破产中的完善建议,从宏观、中观、微观等方面展开论述。宏观层面确立实质合并规则的基本原则,即谨慎适用、实质公平 1 以及经济效率的基本原则。中观层面界定实质合并规则的适用标准,试图理顺我国司法裁判标准中法人人格高度混同与资产分离难度的关系,并论述将债权人收益纳入实质合并适用条件的合理性,即应将资产分离成本作为衡量法人人格混同程度的标准,而资产分离成本应以债权人收益作为衡量标准。微观层面明确实质合并规则的制度构成,在实体方面,从适用主体,对关联企业的法律界定;排除适用情形,在关联企业法人人格混同未达高度程度,或者债权人能够提供证据证明对单个企业具有合理信赖的情况下,排除实质合并适用等问题展开。在程序方面,从实质合并破产程序的启动模式,分别破产,再合并的模式较为规范;申请人范围的确定,赋予关联企业的出资人申请实质合并破产的权利;举证责任,适当放宽债权人申请实质合并破产的证明标准;以及债权人知情权、异议权的程序保障,探讨实质合并破产的决定权与债权人异议权的保障之间的关系,在明确法院掌握实质合并破产决定权的基础上,将债权人会议表决与法院审查相结合等问题展开。

学科:

民商法学

提交日期

2026-04-10

引用参考

郭森玉. 实质合并规则在关联企业破产中的适用[D]. 西南政法大学,2019.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 实质合并规则在关联企业破产中的适用
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20160051011299
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 郭森玉
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 民商法学院(知识产权学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2019
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 吴长波
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 民商法学院(知识产权学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 实质合并;关联企业;法人人格混同
  • dc.subject
  • affiliated enterprises;substantive consolidation;confusion of corporate personality
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 关联企业具有巨大的经济价值,但因我国公司法等商事法律均以单体企业为基础来构建基本制度框架,对于关联企业这一新兴企业形态并未予以足够重视。法律规制的缺位,为关联企业利用内部关联关系进行不当利益转移、侵害外部债权人利益等违法行为留下空间,关联企业运作机制的合法性面临拷问。不规范关联企业的破产因涉及主体众多、彼此利益冲突严重,更为复杂,我们需要应对关联企业破产带来的司法挑战。虽然实质合并破产还未明确纳入我国成文法,但司法实践中已有大量的相关判例,且具有良好的法律、社会效果。本文围绕实质合并规则在关联企业破产中的适用,分四部分进行论述: 第一部分,实质合并规则的基本理论,通过学习总结国内外多位破产法学界的专家学者的观点,从制度价值、适用条件与结果、具体方法等角度对实质合并规则的概念进行阐述。其次,通过与法人人格否认、衡平居次、破产撤销权等其他相关制度进行比较,进一步明确实质合并规则的内涵。最后,明确实质合并规则具有理论正当性,企业主体理论和民法基本原则为其提供理论基础。 第二部分,我国实质合并破产的司法现状分析,从实体与程序两个方面考察。实体方面主要围绕司法裁判标准与法律依据选择等角度展开。程序方面主要围绕实质合并破产程序类型、实质合并破产程序启动模式、实质合并破产的申请主体范围以及实质合并破产程序中债权人知情权、异议权的保障等角度展开。 第三部分,分析我国实质合并破产司法实践中存在的问题,从实体和程序两个方面考察。在实体方面,主要存在裁判标准单一,集中于对法人人格混同,以及资产分离难度考察,对债权人收益关注不足;法律依据不统一,法院裁定实质合并破产的法条依据存在针对性、明确性不强的问题。在程序方面,存在程序启动模式不统一,司法实践中三种程序启动模式并行;申请人范围狭窄,申请主体局限于债权人、债务人、管理人;以及债权人知情权、异议权的程序保障不完善,司法实践对实质合并破产是否经过债权人会议表决的处理方法不一等问题 第四部分,提出实质合并规则在我国关联企业破产中的完善建议,从宏观、中观、微观等方面展开论述。宏观层面确立实质合并规则的基本原则,即谨慎适用、实质公平 1 以及经济效率的基本原则。中观层面界定实质合并规则的适用标准,试图理顺我国司法裁判标准中法人人格高度混同与资产分离难度的关系,并论述将债权人收益纳入实质合并适用条件的合理性,即应将资产分离成本作为衡量法人人格混同程度的标准,而资产分离成本应以债权人收益作为衡量标准。微观层面明确实质合并规则的制度构成,在实体方面,从适用主体,对关联企业的法律界定;排除适用情形,在关联企业法人人格混同未达高度程度,或者债权人能够提供证据证明对单个企业具有合理信赖的情况下,排除实质合并适用等问题展开。在程序方面,从实质合并破产程序的启动模式,分别破产,再合并的模式较为规范;申请人范围的确定,赋予关联企业的出资人申请实质合并破产的权利;举证责任,适当放宽债权人申请实质合并破产的证明标准;以及债权人知情权、异议权的程序保障,探讨实质合并破产的决定权与债权人异议权的保障之间的关系,在明确法院掌握实质合并破产决定权的基础上,将债权人会议表决与法院审查相结合等问题展开。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Affiliated enterprises have the unique advantages of reducing transaction costs, reducing market risks, optimizing resource allocation and improving overall competitiveness, gradually replacing single enterprises as the main market players. The emergence and development of affiliated enterprises have sufficient economic rationality, but because the traditional company law and other commercial laws in our country are based on the single enterprise to build the basic institutional framework, we have not paid enough attention to the new form of affiliated enterprises. The absence of legal regulation leaves room for affiliated enterprises to transfer fraudulent property by using internal affiliated relations, self-profit transaction and other acts against the interests of external creditors, and the legitimacy of the operation mechanism of affiliated enterprises faces torture. The bankruptcy of non-standard affiliated enterprises is more complicated than that of single enterprises. We need to deal with the judicial challenges brought by the bankruptcy of affiliated enterprises and clarify the relationship between the legal form of the independent legal status of the members of affiliated enterprises and the economic essence of the highly confused interests. Although substantive consolidation bankruptcy has not been explicitly incorporated into the statute law of our country, there are already judicial practices applicable to substantive consolidation in dealing with the bankruptcy of affiliated enterprises, and good legal and social effects have been achieved. This article focuses on the application of the substantive consolidation system in the bankruptcy liquidation of affiliated enterprises, which is discussed in four parts: In the first part, the basic theory of the substantive consolidation, through studying and summarizing the views of experts and scholars in the bankruptcy law field at home and abroad, the author tries to grasp the connotation of the substantive consolidation rules from the angle of system value, application conditions and results and concrete methods. Secondly, the extension of the substantive consolidation rules is further clarified by comparing with other relevant systems, such as the denial of legal capacity, equity and right of bankruptcy withdrawal. Lastly, the establishment of the system is right, the theory of substantive fairness and the basis of legal economics provide theoretical support for it. In the second part, the judicial status of the substantive consolidation in our country is analyzed. The judicial status of the substantive consolidation in China is investigated from two aspects of entity and procedure. The substantive aspect mainly revolves around the 1 judicial decision and the legal basis and so on angle launches. The procedural aspects mainly focus on the types of substantive consolidation bankruptcy proceedings, the mode of commencement of substantive consolidation bankruptcy proceedings, the subject of application for substantive consolidation bankruptcy, the protection of the right of knowledge and objection of creditors in the substantive consolidation bankruptcy proceedings. In the third part, the problems of the substantive consolidation in our country are analyzed. The problems of substantive consolidation in bankruptcy procedure in China are investigated from two aspects of entity and procedure. In terms of entity, there are some problems, such as single adjudication standard and inconsistent legal basis. In the aspect of procedure, there are problems such as inconsistent initiation mode, narrow scope of the applicant, the incomplete procedural guarantee of the right of objection. In the fourth part, the improvement suggestions of substantive consolidation rules in the bankruptcy of related enterprises in China are discussed from three aspects: macroscopic view, medium view and microcosmic view. In macroscopic view, the basic principle of substantive consolidation rules is established, namely, the principle of careful application, substantive fairness and economic efficiency. The medium view defines the application standard of substantive consolidation rule. The relationship between high mixing of legal personality and the difficulty of separating assets is straightened out. It also discusses the rationality of incorporating the income of creditors into the applicable condition of substantive consolidation. In microcosmic view, the institutional structure of substantive consolidation rules is clearly defined. In terms of entity, the issue of application subject, principle of application, applicable condition, exclusion of applicable situation, etc. In the aspect of the proceedings, the commencement mode of the substantive consolidation bankruptcy procedure, the determination of the scope of the applicant, the burden of proof, the guarantee of the right of knowledge and objection of the creditors.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-04-10
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