产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任的竞合及其处理

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归属院系:

法学院

作者:

李延思

导师:

卢代富

导师单位:

经济法学院(生态法学院)

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

产品责任;品质瑕疵担保责任;责任竞合;选择权

摘要:

依照现代民法,因商品缺陷而遭受人身或财产损害的受害人,其所能 主张损害赔偿的法律基础有二:其一,侵权责任;其二,契约责任。①在大 陆法系国家,出卖人交付有瑕疵的物意味着出卖人违反合同上的给付义务, 作为义务违反的一种情形,出卖人应当承担违约责任。按照我国《合同法》 的规定,瑕疵担保责任属于违约责任,受害人要求出卖人承担品质瑕疵担 保责任只能依合同,即以出卖人违反品质瑕疵担保义务为依据。 产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任同属产品质量的民事责任,但二者仍有 实质的区别。产品责任建立在产品的保证责任和侵权法律制度之上,是一 种特殊的侵权责任,原告(受害人)提起产品责任诉讼,不需要证明被告 存在过失,也不需要证明与被告存在合同关系。品质瑕疵担保责任是一种 特殊的违约责任,原告(受害人)提起品质瑕疵担保责任诉讼,一般需要 证明存在直接或间接的合同关系。在现实生活中,很多质量担保案件也是 潜在的产品责任案件,产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任的竞合不可避免。所 谓产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任的竞合,也就是诉因的竞合,是指在当事 人一方交付的标的物有瑕疵,不仅造成了对方的合同权利即债权的损害, 违反了约定义务,而且侵害了对方的人身或财产利益,造成了对方人身权 与财产权的损害,违反了法定义务,债权人既可请求对方承担品质瑕疵担 保责任,也可请求对方承担产品责任,由此产生了双重请求权。正确认识 产品责任、品质瑕疵担保责任的性质,妥善处理二者的竞合,关系到消费 者(买受人)的切身利益能否得到足够的保护,具有十分重要的现实意义。 本文分为以下几个部分: 第一部分,责任竞合的基本理论。该部分的目的是为了寻找产品责任 与品质瑕疵担保责任竞合的理论依据。该部分主要内容为责任竞合的概念、 原因,侵权责任和合同责任竞合的三种学说,合同责任与侵权责任竞合的 处理模式等。 第二部分,产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任竞合的性质及条件。产品责 任是一种特殊的侵权责任,品质瑕疵担保责任是一种相对独立的特殊的违 约责任。产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任的竞合属于侵权责任与合同责任的竞合。解决产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任竞合的问题应当适用侵权责任和 合同责任竞合的基本理论。产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任竞合需要具备一 定的条件。 第三部分,产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任竞合时的处理。主要有法律 赋予非违约方的选择权;如何行使选择权及对行使选择权的限制。处理产 品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任竞合的法律依据与理论根据等。 本文立足我国现行法律的规定进行分析,同时借鉴国外的先进立法经 验,作为处理产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任竞合问题的依据,力图找到妥 善处理产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任竞合问题的方法,更好地维护因产品 安全问题受到伤害的消费者(买受人)的利益,促进经济发展与社会和谐、 进步。

学科:

法律*

提交日期

2026-04-10

引用参考

李延思. 产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任的竞合及其处理[D]. 西南政法大学,2007.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任的竞合及其处理
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 049331
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 李延思
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2007
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 卢代富
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 产品责任;品质瑕疵担保责任;责任竞合;选择权
  • dc.subject
  • products liability;warranty against defects of quality;concurrent of the liability;right of option
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 依照现代民法,因商品缺陷而遭受人身或财产损害的受害人,其所能 主张损害赔偿的法律基础有二:其一,侵权责任;其二,契约责任。①在大 陆法系国家,出卖人交付有瑕疵的物意味着出卖人违反合同上的给付义务, 作为义务违反的一种情形,出卖人应当承担违约责任。按照我国《合同法》 的规定,瑕疵担保责任属于违约责任,受害人要求出卖人承担品质瑕疵担 保责任只能依合同,即以出卖人违反品质瑕疵担保义务为依据。 产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任同属产品质量的民事责任,但二者仍有 实质的区别。产品责任建立在产品的保证责任和侵权法律制度之上,是一 种特殊的侵权责任,原告(受害人)提起产品责任诉讼,不需要证明被告 存在过失,也不需要证明与被告存在合同关系。品质瑕疵担保责任是一种 特殊的违约责任,原告(受害人)提起品质瑕疵担保责任诉讼,一般需要 证明存在直接或间接的合同关系。在现实生活中,很多质量担保案件也是 潜在的产品责任案件,产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任的竞合不可避免。所 谓产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任的竞合,也就是诉因的竞合,是指在当事 人一方交付的标的物有瑕疵,不仅造成了对方的合同权利即债权的损害, 违反了约定义务,而且侵害了对方的人身或财产利益,造成了对方人身权 与财产权的损害,违反了法定义务,债权人既可请求对方承担品质瑕疵担 保责任,也可请求对方承担产品责任,由此产生了双重请求权。正确认识 产品责任、品质瑕疵担保责任的性质,妥善处理二者的竞合,关系到消费 者(买受人)的切身利益能否得到足够的保护,具有十分重要的现实意义。 本文分为以下几个部分: 第一部分,责任竞合的基本理论。该部分的目的是为了寻找产品责任 与品质瑕疵担保责任竞合的理论依据。该部分主要内容为责任竞合的概念、 原因,侵权责任和合同责任竞合的三种学说,合同责任与侵权责任竞合的 处理模式等。 第二部分,产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任竞合的性质及条件。产品责 任是一种特殊的侵权责任,品质瑕疵担保责任是一种相对独立的特殊的违 约责任。产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任的竞合属于侵权责任与合同责任的竞合。解决产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任竞合的问题应当适用侵权责任和 合同责任竞合的基本理论。产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任竞合需要具备一 定的条件。 第三部分,产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任竞合时的处理。主要有法律 赋予非违约方的选择权;如何行使选择权及对行使选择权的限制。处理产 品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任竞合的法律依据与理论根据等。 本文立足我国现行法律的规定进行分析,同时借鉴国外的先进立法经 验,作为处理产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任竞合问题的依据,力图找到妥 善处理产品责任与品质瑕疵担保责任竞合问题的方法,更好地维护因产品 安全问题受到伤害的消费者(买受人)的利益,促进经济发展与社会和谐、 进步。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • In accordance with the modern civil law,victims suffering personal injury or property damages due to the defects of the products have two laws to claim for the damages compensation.The first is tort liability,the second is contract obligation.Under the civil law system,sellers selling commodities with defects means the violation of the delivering duty,as a condition of the infringement of the obligation,the sellers should bear the responsibilities of breaching the contract.According to the relevant regulations of contract victim can only ask the seller to assume responsibility for quality defects in accordance with the contract, namely according to sellers betraying the quality warranty obligation . Both the products liabilty and the warranty against defects of quality belongs to civil liability of products quality, but they are still different in essence .products liability is a special kind of tort liability, based on quality warranty obligation and laws in tort. The plaintiff(victims) lodges a complaint in products liability. there is no need for them to prove that the defendant has negligence, neither do they need to prove the plaintiff and the defendant has concluded a contract. the quality warranty obligation is a special kind of responsibilities of breaching the contract. The plaintiff(victims) have to prove there are direct or indirect contractual relations between themselves and the defendant. In real life, many cases in quality warranty are also potential cases in products liability. The concurrent between products liability and the quality warranty obligation is inevitable. What is called the concurrent between products liability and the quality warranty obligation is the concurrent between the gist of the sues. That means, the subject matter one of the contracting parties delivered having flaws not only causes damage to the other parties contractual rights(creditor's rights),and infringement to the agreement duty, but also causes infringement to rights and interests in the other party's people or property aspect, bring damage to the other party's personal rights and property's rights, and trigger the violation of the legal obligation. This article can be divided into three parts. The first part is about the basic theories on the concurrent of the liability. The main purpose of this part is looking for academic basis for the concurrent between the products liability and the quality warranty obligation. The main content of this part is the definition、 causes of the concurrent of the liability, three theories on tort liability and contract obiligation, the processing mode of the concurrent between the contract liability and the tort liability and so on. The second part mainly talks about the nature and condition for the concurrent between the products liability and the quality warranty obligation. The products liability is a special kind of tort liability, while the the quality warranty obligation is a kind of comparatively independent and special responsibilities of breaching the contract. The concurrent between the products liability and the quality warranty obligation remains with the concurrent between the tort liability and the contract liability. The basic theories on the concurrent between tort liability and the contract liability can be applied to solving the concurrent between the products liability and the quality warranty obligation. The concurrent between the products liability and the quality warranty obligation needs to have certain conditions. The third part mainly involves the disposal of the concurrent between the products liability and the quality warranty obligation. It mainly comprises the right to choose which law endowes the non-default with, how to exert the right to choose and the restriction thereof, the legal and academic basis on solution the concurrent between the products liability and the the quality warranty obligation ,ect. This article makes analysis from the perspective of the contemporary laws and regulations in our country, drawing on advanced legislation experience in foreign countries, as basis to solve the concurrent between the products liability and the quality warranty obligation. I try myself very hard looking for a better solution which can handle the products liability and the quality warranty obligation, better protect the interests of the consumers who are harmed by the defective products, help the economy to develop more rapidly ,make the society more hormonious and the world a better place.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-04-10
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