法官思维的保守性建构

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归属院系:

行政法学院

作者:

黄顺国

导师:

陈锐

导师单位:

行政法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

法官思维;要求;保守性

摘要:

法官的思维是人类思维领域中的一种严谨、独特和悠久的思维能力, 作为现实中的法官思维到底有没有自己独特的特征呢?对于正在建设共 和国法治的法官其又有哪些特殊的要求呢?法官思维的核心特征是什 么?能否用这一核心特征去规范、构建法官的思维以使其更加地具有思维 上的张力和现实的合理性呢? 本文第一部分提出了法官思维的四个特征,以逐条阐释的方式论述、 分析法官思维的主体、客体、对象和方法。法官思维的主体是法官,法官 必是受过专业训练的具有完善的法律知识体系和敏锐的以法律解决问题 的诸种能力的专业性的高级人才。法官的思维表现出较强的思维惯性,法 官在对思维客体的审视时是以既定的法律规范的模式为指导框架的,由于 法律规则的自身局限性,法官的思维也就必然具有先天的保守性了。英美 等判例法国家的“同等情况同等对待”的法律原则似乎是法官在对思维客体 进行考查时具有的保守性的最好概括了。法官思维的方法是多元的,但是 三段论的精细推理以及对疑难案件的辩证推理当是传统的、核心的思维方 法。尽管三段论的推理有时会出现形式合理而实质不合理的情况,但是这 种基本的推理方式至少为进一步进行辩证推理提供了基础性的论证。法官 们的思维在价值取向上也是具有保守性和稳定性的。首先,法官们的思维 以人性恶作为立论和制度设计的逻辑前提;其次,合法性始终作为法官思 维主体思维的视域导向;在实体上我们不能保证绝对的客观、公正,但是 我们至少可以保证法律在程序上的绝对的一视同仁、绝对的客观公正。相 对法官判断、推理的结果而言,法官更加注重对程序的考查,解释法律的 理由比得出法律判决的结果更加的重要。 本文第二部分,基于法官思维的上述四个特征提出了对法治中国法官 们的特殊要求。平衡各种矛盾与利益冲突,将各种利益维持在法律秩序的 框架以内,保障安全是司法的基本价值目标之一,而法官作为个别案件的 裁判者,当然要根据已有的法律规则,对于发生冲突的各种利益进行判断, 通过对事实的认定和对法律的适用,将失衡的社会秩序恢复到平衡状态。 而由于司法是法官以法律规则为标准而对人们行为的判断,因此,法律规 则及其逻辑当然就成为了法官思维不可缺少的内容。规则性思维要求法官 注重缜密的逻辑,谨慎地对待情感因素。法官也拥有情感并捍卫感情,但 2 是都需要在法律规则的范围内,在法律术语的承载下,来谨慎地斟酌涉及 情感的问题。程序公正主要体现为以下几个方面,其一是对于恣意的限制; 其二是作为理性选择的保证;其三是将其作为国家与公民个体间联系纽带 的功能。程序性思维要求法官只追求程序中的真,而不是科学中的求真。 法官的确定性思维要求法官的判断结论总是非此即彼,因为诉讼的性质要 求一方胜诉,另一方败诉,所以法官的判决总是会不利于一方而有利于另 一方。法官的职责就是在较短的时间内公正地审结案件,使法律调整的动 态利益关系及时明确化、公正化、稳定化。 本文第三部分提出事实知识和价值知识双向地构建法官思维的本质。 法律的事实知识本身就具有保守性和因袭性,从法律知识的养成上来讲, 事实知识具有跨越国度的普适性,尤其对于具有相同法系渊源的国家来说 更加是这样。从法律制度的知识总量上来讲,事实知识更加是知识建构的 主体性要因。由于法律事实知识的保守性和因袭性,因此以事实知识进行 法官思维的构建时,保守性就成为一个天然的“标签”。法律是社会科学, 因此法律天生地就不可能是价值无涉的。价值知识成为法律思维构建的必 要性因素。在法律的诸多价值知识之中法律信仰是处于核心地位的。因此, 本文在分析法官信仰的保守性的同时,试图提出这样一个建构理路即在价 值层面以保守性的法律信仰统领诸多涉法价值进行法官思维的本质的建 构。 本文第四部分结语中提出法官思维的本质特征、对法治社会中法官的 特殊要求和基于这样的本质特征和特殊要求所提出的对法官思维的事实 知识和价值知识的保守性建构是否在某种程度上同样适用于律师、检察 官、从事法律研究工作的人员以及法学院法科的学生?他们在进行涉法问 题的思考时是否遵循着同样的思维进路从而也具有一定的保守性倾向?

学科:

宪法学与行政法学

提交日期

2026-04-07

引用参考

黄顺国. 法官思维的保守性建构[D]. 西南政法大学,2008.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 法官思维的保守性建构
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20050301010048
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 黄顺国
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 行政法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2008
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 陈锐
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 行政法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 法官思维 ;要求 ;保守性
  • dc.subject
  • judge thinking ;requirements ;conservative
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 法官的思维是人类思维领域中的一种严谨、独特和悠久的思维能力, 作为现实中的法官思维到底有没有自己独特的特征呢?对于正在建设共 和国法治的法官其又有哪些特殊的要求呢?法官思维的核心特征是什 么?能否用这一核心特征去规范、构建法官的思维以使其更加地具有思维 上的张力和现实的合理性呢? 本文第一部分提出了法官思维的四个特征,以逐条阐释的方式论述、 分析法官思维的主体、客体、对象和方法。法官思维的主体是法官,法官 必是受过专业训练的具有完善的法律知识体系和敏锐的以法律解决问题 的诸种能力的专业性的高级人才。法官的思维表现出较强的思维惯性,法 官在对思维客体的审视时是以既定的法律规范的模式为指导框架的,由于 法律规则的自身局限性,法官的思维也就必然具有先天的保守性了。英美 等判例法国家的“同等情况同等对待”的法律原则似乎是法官在对思维客体 进行考查时具有的保守性的最好概括了。法官思维的方法是多元的,但是 三段论的精细推理以及对疑难案件的辩证推理当是传统的、核心的思维方 法。尽管三段论的推理有时会出现形式合理而实质不合理的情况,但是这 种基本的推理方式至少为进一步进行辩证推理提供了基础性的论证。法官 们的思维在价值取向上也是具有保守性和稳定性的。首先,法官们的思维 以人性恶作为立论和制度设计的逻辑前提;其次,合法性始终作为法官思 维主体思维的视域导向;在实体上我们不能保证绝对的客观、公正,但是 我们至少可以保证法律在程序上的绝对的一视同仁、绝对的客观公正。相 对法官判断、推理的结果而言,法官更加注重对程序的考查,解释法律的 理由比得出法律判决的结果更加的重要。 本文第二部分,基于法官思维的上述四个特征提出了对法治中国法官 们的特殊要求。平衡各种矛盾与利益冲突,将各种利益维持在法律秩序的 框架以内,保障安全是司法的基本价值目标之一,而法官作为个别案件的 裁判者,当然要根据已有的法律规则,对于发生冲突的各种利益进行判断, 通过对事实的认定和对法律的适用,将失衡的社会秩序恢复到平衡状态。 而由于司法是法官以法律规则为标准而对人们行为的判断,因此,法律规 则及其逻辑当然就成为了法官思维不可缺少的内容。规则性思维要求法官 注重缜密的逻辑,谨慎地对待情感因素。法官也拥有情感并捍卫感情,但 2 是都需要在法律规则的范围内,在法律术语的承载下,来谨慎地斟酌涉及 情感的问题。程序公正主要体现为以下几个方面,其一是对于恣意的限制; 其二是作为理性选择的保证;其三是将其作为国家与公民个体间联系纽带 的功能。程序性思维要求法官只追求程序中的真,而不是科学中的求真。 法官的确定性思维要求法官的判断结论总是非此即彼,因为诉讼的性质要 求一方胜诉,另一方败诉,所以法官的判决总是会不利于一方而有利于另 一方。法官的职责就是在较短的时间内公正地审结案件,使法律调整的动 态利益关系及时明确化、公正化、稳定化。 本文第三部分提出事实知识和价值知识双向地构建法官思维的本质。 法律的事实知识本身就具有保守性和因袭性,从法律知识的养成上来讲, 事实知识具有跨越国度的普适性,尤其对于具有相同法系渊源的国家来说 更加是这样。从法律制度的知识总量上来讲,事实知识更加是知识建构的 主体性要因。由于法律事实知识的保守性和因袭性,因此以事实知识进行 法官思维的构建时,保守性就成为一个天然的“标签”。法律是社会科学, 因此法律天生地就不可能是价值无涉的。价值知识成为法律思维构建的必 要性因素。在法律的诸多价值知识之中法律信仰是处于核心地位的。因此, 本文在分析法官信仰的保守性的同时,试图提出这样一个建构理路即在价 值层面以保守性的法律信仰统领诸多涉法价值进行法官思维的本质的建 构。 本文第四部分结语中提出法官思维的本质特征、对法治社会中法官的 特殊要求和基于这样的本质特征和特殊要求所提出的对法官思维的事实 知识和价值知识的保守性建构是否在某种程度上同样适用于律师、检察 官、从事法律研究工作的人员以及法学院法科的学生?他们在进行涉法问 题的思考时是否遵循着同样的思维进路从而也具有一定的保守性倾向?
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Judge thinking in the field of human thinking is a kind of rigorous, unique and long thinking abilities, have the judge thinking as a reality their own unique characteristics in life? Have the People’s Republic of China their special requests for the judges in which is building for the rule of law? What are the core characteristics of the judges thinking? Can we use this feature to standardize core, to build the judges thinking to make it more reasonable? In this paper, the first part of offers four characteristics of the judges thinking to explain the subject、object、methods of the judges thinking one by one in this way .The Judges are the main body of judges thinking ,the judges will be well-trained professionals with a sound knowledge of the legal system and keen to resolve the legal issues who have the ability of senior personnel professionalism. Judges thinking has a strong inertial performance thought, in the thinking the judges are guided by the established pattern when the object is examined, because of their own limitations of the rule of law, the judge will surely think in a rather conservative way of the innate. The "same equal treatment" principles of law of Case law countries such as Britain and the United States seem to summarize the conserve when the objects of the judges are examined. Judge has many kinds of thinking, but the precise reasoning syllogism and the dialectical reasoning may be the core、traditional ones, Although the reasoning sometimes has unreasonable situations in a reasonable form ,at least the basic reasoning method provides the basis of the evaluation for further dialectical reasoning. The judges in the value orientation of thinking are also conservative and stable. Firstly, the judges thinking people evil for arguments and the logic of the design premise system. Secondly, the legitimacy always is regarded as the main domain-oriented thinking of the judges in the entity, we can not guarantee absolute objectivity, impartiality, but we can at least guarantee Legal procedures in the same absolute objectivity and fairness. The judges pay 2 more attention to the process to examine and explain the legal grounds than the legal results that was less important. In the second part, the judge thinking of the four characteristics of China put forward the specific requirements to the judges of the rule of law. Balancing all the contradictions and conflicts of interest will be maintained at the various interests of law and order within the framework to protect security which is the fundamental value of the objective, and the judges in individual cases, of course, will judge by the findings of fact and the application of the law in order that the social order will be restored to a state of equilibrium. And because justice is the judgments for the judge to examine the behavior of the people according to the rule of law ,therefore , the rule of law and the logic ,of course, become the content indispensable to a judge thinking .Regulative thinking asks a judge to act based on the careful logic , to treat emotional factors. Judges also have feelings of emotion and defend them, but they must be treated within the framework of the rule of law, bear in legal jargon, to deal with the problems involving emotional feelings. Procedural fairness mainly reflects in the following several aspects, one of which is restrictions for will ,the second is the rational choice as a guarantee ,the third acts s a link between the individual and the country .Thinking of procedures require judges to conduct in the pursuit of the real process, rather than the scientific truth-seeking. Judge’s certainty thinking requires that judges always draw either-or conclusions of the judge, because the nature of the proceedings is for one party, against the other party, it will always be the judge's decision which is conducive to one of the parties. The job of judges is just to conclude cases in a short period of time, to make the dynamic adjustment of the legal interests clear 、fair and stabilized. In the third part of this paper, I try to build a two-way nature of the judge's thinking with the knowledge of the values and the knowledge of the facts. Knowledge of the fact of the law itself is conservative and inheritance, in regard to the developing of the legal knowledge, the 3 knowledge of the fact is universal across the country, especially for the nations of the same source of law. In terms of overall knowledge of the legal system, the fact knowledge is constructive of the main body of the knowledge. The legal knowledge of the facts is intermittently conservative, and therefore conserves knowledge of the fact is on a natural label when we try to build the construction of thinking, Law are social sciences, naturally it is impossible for the law to be value-free. Knowledge of Value into of is the necessary factors for the thinking of law Construction. Faith in the legal is at the status of the core of the much legal knowledge. Therefore, in this paper, I analysis the conservative of the judges belief, meanwhile I try to make this building that the conservative beliefs of the law guide the many law-related value of the essence of the thinking of judges construction. In the last part of this paper, are the essential characteristics of the thinking of judges of the rule of law and the special requirements of the judges based on the essential features and special requirements applicable to lawyers、 prosecutors、engaged in legal research work as well as the Law Faculty of Law Institutions? Are they following the same rule when they are facing with the legal problems and thus their thinking is also conservative?
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-04-07
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