“模拟搬迁”模式的合法性论证及制度优化

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归属院系:

行政法学院

作者:

杜浩然

导师:

梁洪霞

导师单位:

人权研究院(人权学院),行政法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

模拟搬迁;旧城改造;合法性审查;合理性审查;制度优化

摘要:

模拟搬迁,是四川省成都市在旧城改造搬迁实践中摸索出来的一套新型房屋搬迁模 式,此模式在实践中取得良好效果。据统计,目前全国 10 余个省市地区通过制定地方 性法规或行政规范性文件的方式确认了模拟搬迁的房屋征收方式。然而,部分地区对模 拟搬迁的合法性提出了质疑,该质疑认为,模拟搬迁利用附条件协议的方式变更了《国 有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》规定的传统征收程序,不符合法律规定。该质疑直接影 响到全国各地区模拟搬迁的实施,需要从理论上予以厘清。本文尝试就模拟搬迁的合法 性进行全方位论证,并进一步分析模拟搬迁的合理性,文章共分为以下五部分: 第一部分,模拟搬迁的制度内涵。模拟搬迁是为了解决旧城改造中“搬迁难”问题 而诞生的新型搬迁模式,该模式利用附条件生效协议创设了模拟搬迁程序,有效提升了 全过程中的搬迁效率。模拟搬迁征收模式分意愿征集、模拟签约、房屋征收三个阶段进 行,具有民主性、比例性、附条件性等特征。通过研究模拟搬迁的实施流程及操作步骤 便于更加详细的了解模拟搬迁,经过多年的发展,模拟搬迁的评价从一致好评到众说纷 纭,其制度的发展正从成长期走向成熟期。 第二部分,模拟搬迁的实证研究。通过分析模拟搬迁的实施状况发现,全国各个地 区对模拟搬迁的认识并不统一,其中,采用附条件协议类模拟搬迁模式的各个省份也都 采用了不同的立法模式,颁布的搬迁规范存在不同的地方性特点,说明了模拟搬迁的征 收模式因自身存在争议问题导致了各地的认识尚未形成统一。将模拟搬迁与《国有土地 上房屋征收与补偿条例》规定的传统征收模式对比发现,模拟搬迁的模拟征收流程确与 上位法《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》存在不同之处,但其是否违法还有待进一步 商榷。此外,模拟搬迁还存在合理性疑问以及协议性质等附带性问题值得后续讨论。 第三部分,模拟搬迁的合法性论证。模拟搬迁规范的论证首先进行合法性论证,分 形式合法和实质合法。论证内容以制定权限、规范的内容、制定程序展开。经过对模拟 搬迁规范的合法性论证,就制定权限来说,地方政府、人大按照《国有土地上房屋征收 与补偿条例》规定,制定了模拟搬迁相关规范,符合制定权限的要求;就规范的内容, 模拟搬迁利用附条件协议的方式设计了“模拟”程序,是在上位法规定的程序框架内,嵌入了模拟搬迁程序,通过模拟程序条件是否达成来决定上位法程序是否开始进行,本 质上并未违反法定程序,符合上位法规定,不构成抵触;就模拟搬迁征收行为本身,符 合公共利益要求,同时也并未侵犯被征收人合法权益,应认定其合法。 第四部分,模拟搬迁的合理性分析。模拟搬迁规范具有合法性,但实践中仍然存在 较高的失败率,为了避免模拟搬迁落入“合法不合理”的陷阱,仍需对模拟搬迁的合理 性进行分析。合理性论证从规范制定的目的、立法考量因素、规范性文件的内容与目的 的匹配度三个方面进行。经过合理性论证,模拟搬迁规范目的不达初衷、立法考量具有 局限性,内容与目的匹配度较高,模拟搬迁不构成“明显不当”标准,具有一定的合理 性但仍然有所欠缺。 第五部分,模拟搬迁的制度优化。模拟搬迁的问题主要发生在司法实践和搬迁实践 中。司法实践的问题是由外部法律环境变化引起的,为此,建议从统一裁判标准、拟定 司法建议、加强理论研究出发解决问题。搬迁实践中产生的问题则是因为模式设计时考 虑不够合理,建议从根据合理比例设计签约比例、取消签约比例不达到终止征收的规定、 建立模拟搬迁与强制搬迁相结合的补救措施等方面解决问题。

学科:

法律*

提交日期

2026-04-02

引用参考

杜浩然. “模拟搬迁”模式的合法性论证及制度优化[D]. 西南政法大学,2022.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • “模拟搬迁”模式的合法性论证及制度优化
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20190351011283
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 杜浩然
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 行政法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2022
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 梁洪霞
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 人权研究院(人权学院),行政法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 模拟搬迁;旧城改造;合法性审查;合理性审查;制度优化
  • dc.subject
  • Simulated relocation;Reconstruction of the old city;Review of normative documents;Legality review;Reasonableness review
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 模拟搬迁,是四川省成都市在旧城改造搬迁实践中摸索出来的一套新型房屋搬迁模 式,此模式在实践中取得良好效果。据统计,目前全国 10 余个省市地区通过制定地方 性法规或行政规范性文件的方式确认了模拟搬迁的房屋征收方式。然而,部分地区对模 拟搬迁的合法性提出了质疑,该质疑认为,模拟搬迁利用附条件协议的方式变更了《国 有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》规定的传统征收程序,不符合法律规定。该质疑直接影 响到全国各地区模拟搬迁的实施,需要从理论上予以厘清。本文尝试就模拟搬迁的合法 性进行全方位论证,并进一步分析模拟搬迁的合理性,文章共分为以下五部分: 第一部分,模拟搬迁的制度内涵。模拟搬迁是为了解决旧城改造中“搬迁难”问题 而诞生的新型搬迁模式,该模式利用附条件生效协议创设了模拟搬迁程序,有效提升了 全过程中的搬迁效率。模拟搬迁征收模式分意愿征集、模拟签约、房屋征收三个阶段进 行,具有民主性、比例性、附条件性等特征。通过研究模拟搬迁的实施流程及操作步骤 便于更加详细的了解模拟搬迁,经过多年的发展,模拟搬迁的评价从一致好评到众说纷 纭,其制度的发展正从成长期走向成熟期。 第二部分,模拟搬迁的实证研究。通过分析模拟搬迁的实施状况发现,全国各个地 区对模拟搬迁的认识并不统一,其中,采用附条件协议类模拟搬迁模式的各个省份也都 采用了不同的立法模式,颁布的搬迁规范存在不同的地方性特点,说明了模拟搬迁的征 收模式因自身存在争议问题导致了各地的认识尚未形成统一。将模拟搬迁与《国有土地 上房屋征收与补偿条例》规定的传统征收模式对比发现,模拟搬迁的模拟征收流程确与 上位法《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》存在不同之处,但其是否违法还有待进一步 商榷。此外,模拟搬迁还存在合理性疑问以及协议性质等附带性问题值得后续讨论。 第三部分,模拟搬迁的合法性论证。模拟搬迁规范的论证首先进行合法性论证,分 形式合法和实质合法。论证内容以制定权限、规范的内容、制定程序展开。经过对模拟 搬迁规范的合法性论证,就制定权限来说,地方政府、人大按照《国有土地上房屋征收 与补偿条例》规定,制定了模拟搬迁相关规范,符合制定权限的要求;就规范的内容, 模拟搬迁利用附条件协议的方式设计了“模拟”程序,是在上位法规定的程序框架内,嵌入了模拟搬迁程序,通过模拟程序条件是否达成来决定上位法程序是否开始进行,本 质上并未违反法定程序,符合上位法规定,不构成抵触;就模拟搬迁征收行为本身,符 合公共利益要求,同时也并未侵犯被征收人合法权益,应认定其合法。 第四部分,模拟搬迁的合理性分析。模拟搬迁规范具有合法性,但实践中仍然存在 较高的失败率,为了避免模拟搬迁落入“合法不合理”的陷阱,仍需对模拟搬迁的合理 性进行分析。合理性论证从规范制定的目的、立法考量因素、规范性文件的内容与目的 的匹配度三个方面进行。经过合理性论证,模拟搬迁规范目的不达初衷、立法考量具有 局限性,内容与目的匹配度较高,模拟搬迁不构成“明显不当”标准,具有一定的合理 性但仍然有所欠缺。 第五部分,模拟搬迁的制度优化。模拟搬迁的问题主要发生在司法实践和搬迁实践 中。司法实践的问题是由外部法律环境变化引起的,为此,建议从统一裁判标准、拟定 司法建议、加强理论研究出发解决问题。搬迁实践中产生的问题则是因为模式设计时考 虑不够合理,建议从根据合理比例设计签约比例、取消签约比例不达到终止征收的规定、 建立模拟搬迁与强制搬迁相结合的补救措施等方面解决问题。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Simulated relocation is a new housing relocation model developed by Chengdu in the practice of old city reconstruction and relocation, which has achieved good results in practice. According to statistics, at present, more than 10 provinces and cities in China have confirmed the housing expropriation method of simulated relocation by formulating local regulations or administrative normative documents. However, some regions have questioned the legality of the simulated relocation, which believes that the method of simulated relocation using conditional agreements has changed the traditional collection procedures stipulated in the Regulations on the Collection and Compensation of Houses on State owned Land, which is not in line with the legal provisions. This query directly affects the implementation of simulated relocation in all regions of the country, which needs to be clarified theoretically. This article attempts to demonstrate the legitimacy of simulated relocation in an all-round way, and further analyzes the rationality of simulated relocation. The article is divided into the following five parts: The first part: The system connotation of simulated relocation. Simulated relocation is a new relocation mode born to solve the problem of "difficult relocation" in the old city reconstruction. This mode creates a simulated relocation program by using conditional effective agreement, which effectively improves the relocation efficiency in the whole process. In recent years, the model of simulated relocation levy has begun to be popularized throughout the country, and the relevant norms formulated by various places lack a unified path and model, showing a state of "free development". By studying the implementation process and operation steps of the simulated relocation, we can understand the simulated relocation in more detail. After years of development, the evaluation of the simulated relocation has changed from unanimous praise to different opinions, and the development of its system is moving from a growing period to a mature period. The second part: Empirical study of simulated relocation. The empirical study analyzed the implementation of simulated relocation and found that the understanding of simulated relocation in various regions across the country was not uniform, among which, the provinces that adopted conditional agreement simulation relocation models also adopted different legislative models, and the relocation norms promulgated had different local characteristics,which indicated that the recognition of the simulation relocation levy model had not been unified due to its own controversial issues. Comparing the simulated relocation with the traditional expropriation mode stipulated in the Regulations on Land Requisition and Compensation, it is found that the simulated expropriation process of simulated relocation is indeed different from the upper law, the Regulations on the Collection and Compensation of Houses on State owned Land, but whether it is illegal remains to be further discussed. Part III: Demonstration of the legitimacy of simulated relocation. There is a difference between legitimacy and rationality. The legitimacy demonstration includes formal legitimacy and substantive legitimacy. The review of normative documents should first conduct legitimacy demonstration, confirm legitimacy, and then analyze its rationality. The relationship between the two is progressive. Legitimacy demonstration should be carried out from three aspects: formulation authority, normative content and formulation procedure; According to the demonstration of the legality of the norms for simulated relocation, as far as the formulation authority is concerned, the local government and the People's Congress have formulated relevant norms for simulated relocation in accordance with the Regulations on the Collection and Compensation of Houses on State owned Land, which meets the requirements of the formulation authority; As far as the content of the specification is concerned, the simulated relocation has designed the "simulation" program by means of conditional agreement, which is embedded in the program framework specified by the upper law. Whether the conditions of the simulation program are reached determines whether the upper law program starts. In essence, it does not violate the legal procedures, and complies with the legal provisions; As far as the simulated relocation levy itself is concerned, it conforms to the requirements of the public interest and does not infringe the legitimate rights and interests of the expropriated person, so it should be recognized as legitimate. Part IV: Rationality analysis of simulated relocation. The simulated relocation specification is legal, but there is still a high failure rate in practice. In order to avoid the trap of "legal and unreasonable", the rationality of simulated relocation still needs to be analyzed. Rationality demonstration is carried out from three aspects: the purpose of norm formulation, legislative considerations, and the matching degree between the content and purpose of normative documents. Through rational demonstration, it is believed that the standard purpose of simulated relocation does not meet the original purpose, the legislative consideration is limited, the content and purpose match is high, and the simulated relocation is reasonable butstill lacking. Part V: Model optimization of simulated relocation. After sorting out, the problems of simulated relocation mainly focus on two aspects: judicial practice and relocation practice. The problems in judicial practice are caused by the changes in the external legal environment, while the problems in relocation practice are caused by unreasonable consideration in model design. Therefore, to solve the problems in judicial practice, the following suggestions are made: unify the standards of adjudication, formulate judicial suggestions, and strengthen theoretical research; To solve the practical problem of relocation, it is recommended to design the signing proportion according to a reasonable proportion, cancel the signing proportion which does not meet the provisions of termination of collection, and establish remedial measures combining simulated relocation and forced relocation.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-04-02
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