突发公共卫生事件下基本权利的限制与保障研究

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归属院系:

行政法学院

作者:

魏煜轩

导师:

林孝文

导师单位:

纪检监察学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

突发公共卫生事件;基本权利保障;基本权利限制

摘要:

突发公共卫生事件下的社会治理存在价值优先性与法治融贯性之间的选择难题,从 人类应对突发事件的历史沿革经验得知,为了国家生存不得不牺牲人民的一定权利存在 合理性,但是在这种状态下人民的权利就更容易受到侵害、剥夺。因此,研究非常态下 的社会治理(突发公共卫生事件实质上也体现为一种非常态的社会关系),规范国家紧 急权力的行使对于保障人民权利,建立现代民主法治社会就显得异常重要了。 本文对突发公共卫生事件下的基本权利限制与保障问题研究的论述分为五个部分。 第一部分是对突发公共卫生事件下基本权利限制与保障相关概念的阐释。首先,对 突发公共卫生事件与紧急状态进行辨析,应急状态与紧急状态不同,它们之间存在较大 差别。应急状态下与紧急状态下对人民基本权利的限制程度不同,前者明显限制的范围 与深度轻于后者。因此,有必要从理论上对二者进行细致准确的划分,厘清二者的界限, 从而为规范制定提供指引,化解矛盾,以便更好的保障处于危机事态下人民的基本权利。 然后对基本权利限制与克减进行辨析,厘清二者的内涵与外延。最后对突发公共卫生事 件下基本权利保障概念进行简要阐述。 第二部分主要是对突发公共卫生事件下基本权利限制的逻辑分析。从突发公共卫生 事件这种紧急事态中必然能逻辑推导出对基本权利的限制,这似乎已经成为了政府在非 常态社会下治理的一种经验本能。权利限制是国家为了实现社会秩序从非常态向一般化 转变而采取的必要的手段,从某种意义上说权利限制是为了更好的保障人民的基本权 利。因此,研究突发公共卫生事件下权利限制的就尤其重要了。本章从理论、实践及规 范层面对基本权利限制进行详细逻辑论证,以弥合其所带来的负面影响,化解矛盾,为 其提供合法性与正当性依据。 第三部分主要是根据我国现有的对于突发公共卫生事件下基本权利限制有关的法 律对突发公共卫生事件下采取的权利限制治理手段的内容进行详细列举,为后文论证分 析提供依据。 第四部分首先对突发公共卫生事件下基本权利的保障进行阐释。突发事件下有对基 本权利的限制就必定会存在就对其的限制,如果不对权利限制进行任何限制,人民的权 利就容易受到侵害。对基本权利限制的限制从法规范理论意义上说也是一种保障。对基 本权利的保障应该是作为立宪主义的民主法治国家的核心价值目标,常态下的治理如 此,非常态下的治理更应如此。然后,对常态下和非常态下基本权利保障的模式进行说 明,以期更好的对突发公共卫生事件下人民的基本权利进行保障。由于突发公共卫生事 件下事实与规范之间存在张力,必定导致非常状态下对基本权利的限制与保障引发公共 利益与个人利益以及个人利益之间的冲突与博弈。突发公共卫生事件治理的关键是如何 平衡突发公共卫生事件下权力授予与权利限制之间的关系,有效的实现社会秩序的转 换,在权力与权利的平衡中通向法治。因此,仔细分析突发公共卫生事件下权力与权利 以及权利之间的关系,寻找平衡的关键点,实现非常态下的社会状态有效快速的恢复到 正常的社会状态就成为本章讨论的重点。 第五部分主要是对突发公共卫生事件中存在的问题与缺陷提出的具体的完善思路。 宏观上完善作为我国应急领域基本法的“突发事件应对法”,然后再拟定“突发公共卫 生事件紧急状态法”,引入权利克减的制度,弥补我国目前在紧急状态领域的空缺,形 成从宏观整体上统领突发公共卫生事件,有效规范国家权力在突发公共卫生事件下的行 使,将其纳入法治的框架内,从而更好的应对突发公共卫生事件,保障非常态社会下人 民的基本权利;微观上针对突发公共卫生事件治理中出现的在公共卫生医疗体系、预警 机制、个人信息利用、传染病控制措施等具体细节方面存在的影响人民生命健康权、人 身自由、财产权、知情权、个人信息等基本权利的问题与缺陷提出完善的具体思路。最 后,实现突发公共卫生事件下的社会治理的法治化,更好的保障人民的基本权利。

学科:

宪法学与行政法学

提交日期

2026-04-02

引用参考

魏煜轩. 突发公共卫生事件下基本权利的限制与保障研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2022.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 突发公共卫生事件下基本权利的限制与保障研究
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20190301030185
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 魏煜轩
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 行政法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2022
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 林孝文
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 纪检监察学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 突发公共卫生事件;基本权利保障;基本权利限制
  • dc.subject
  • public health emergencies;Guarantee of basic rights;Basic rights limitation
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 突发公共卫生事件下的社会治理存在价值优先性与法治融贯性之间的选择难题,从 人类应对突发事件的历史沿革经验得知,为了国家生存不得不牺牲人民的一定权利存在 合理性,但是在这种状态下人民的权利就更容易受到侵害、剥夺。因此,研究非常态下 的社会治理(突发公共卫生事件实质上也体现为一种非常态的社会关系),规范国家紧 急权力的行使对于保障人民权利,建立现代民主法治社会就显得异常重要了。 本文对突发公共卫生事件下的基本权利限制与保障问题研究的论述分为五个部分。 第一部分是对突发公共卫生事件下基本权利限制与保障相关概念的阐释。首先,对 突发公共卫生事件与紧急状态进行辨析,应急状态与紧急状态不同,它们之间存在较大 差别。应急状态下与紧急状态下对人民基本权利的限制程度不同,前者明显限制的范围 与深度轻于后者。因此,有必要从理论上对二者进行细致准确的划分,厘清二者的界限, 从而为规范制定提供指引,化解矛盾,以便更好的保障处于危机事态下人民的基本权利。 然后对基本权利限制与克减进行辨析,厘清二者的内涵与外延。最后对突发公共卫生事 件下基本权利保障概念进行简要阐述。 第二部分主要是对突发公共卫生事件下基本权利限制的逻辑分析。从突发公共卫生 事件这种紧急事态中必然能逻辑推导出对基本权利的限制,这似乎已经成为了政府在非 常态社会下治理的一种经验本能。权利限制是国家为了实现社会秩序从非常态向一般化 转变而采取的必要的手段,从某种意义上说权利限制是为了更好的保障人民的基本权 利。因此,研究突发公共卫生事件下权利限制的就尤其重要了。本章从理论、实践及规 范层面对基本权利限制进行详细逻辑论证,以弥合其所带来的负面影响,化解矛盾,为 其提供合法性与正当性依据。 第三部分主要是根据我国现有的对于突发公共卫生事件下基本权利限制有关的法 律对突发公共卫生事件下采取的权利限制治理手段的内容进行详细列举,为后文论证分 析提供依据。 第四部分首先对突发公共卫生事件下基本权利的保障进行阐释。突发事件下有对基 本权利的限制就必定会存在就对其的限制,如果不对权利限制进行任何限制,人民的权 利就容易受到侵害。对基本权利限制的限制从法规范理论意义上说也是一种保障。对基 本权利的保障应该是作为立宪主义的民主法治国家的核心价值目标,常态下的治理如 此,非常态下的治理更应如此。然后,对常态下和非常态下基本权利保障的模式进行说 明,以期更好的对突发公共卫生事件下人民的基本权利进行保障。由于突发公共卫生事 件下事实与规范之间存在张力,必定导致非常状态下对基本权利的限制与保障引发公共 利益与个人利益以及个人利益之间的冲突与博弈。突发公共卫生事件治理的关键是如何 平衡突发公共卫生事件下权力授予与权利限制之间的关系,有效的实现社会秩序的转 换,在权力与权利的平衡中通向法治。因此,仔细分析突发公共卫生事件下权力与权利 以及权利之间的关系,寻找平衡的关键点,实现非常态下的社会状态有效快速的恢复到 正常的社会状态就成为本章讨论的重点。 第五部分主要是对突发公共卫生事件中存在的问题与缺陷提出的具体的完善思路。 宏观上完善作为我国应急领域基本法的“突发事件应对法”,然后再拟定“突发公共卫 生事件紧急状态法”,引入权利克减的制度,弥补我国目前在紧急状态领域的空缺,形 成从宏观整体上统领突发公共卫生事件,有效规范国家权力在突发公共卫生事件下的行 使,将其纳入法治的框架内,从而更好的应对突发公共卫生事件,保障非常态社会下人 民的基本权利;微观上针对突发公共卫生事件治理中出现的在公共卫生医疗体系、预警 机制、个人信息利用、传染病控制措施等具体细节方面存在的影响人民生命健康权、人 身自由、财产权、知情权、个人信息等基本权利的问题与缺陷提出完善的具体思路。最 后,实现突发公共卫生事件下的社会治理的法治化,更好的保障人民的基本权利。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Social governance under public health emergencies has a difficult choice between the priority of value and the integration of the rule of law. From the historical evolution experience of human response to emergencies, it is reasonable to have to sacrifice people's certain rights for the survival of the country, but in this state, people's rights are more vulnerable to infringement and deprivation. Therefore, it is extremely important to study the social governance under abnormal conditions (public health emergencies are also reflected in an abnormal social relationship in essence) and regulate the exercise of state emergency power to safeguard people's rights and establish a modern democratic society ruled by law. This paper is divided into five parts to discuss the basic rights limitation and protection under public health emergencies. The first part is the interpretation of the concepts related to the limitation and protection of basic rights under public health emergencies. First of all, the public health emergencies and emergency states are differentiated, and there are great differences between emergency states and emergency states. The extent of restriction on people's basic rights under emergency state is different from that under emergency state. The scope and depth of restriction of the former is obviously less than that of the latter. Therefore, it is necessary to make a detailed and accurate division of the two theoretically and clarify their boundaries, so as to provide guidance for norm formulation and resolve conflicts, so as to better protect the basic rights of the people in crisis. Then, it distinguishes and analyzes the limitation and derogation of basic rights, and clarifies their connotation and extension. Finally, the concept of basic rights protection under public health emergencies is briefly described. The second part is mainly about the logical analysis of the restriction of basic rights under public health emergencies. It is inevitable to logically deduce the restriction on basic rights from the emergency of public health emergencies, which seems to have become an empirical instinct of the government to govern in an abnormal society. The restriction of rights is a necessary means taken by the state to realize the transformation of social order from abnormal to general. In a sense, the restriction of rights is to better protect the basic rights of the people. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the restriction of rightsunder public health emergencies. This chapter conducts detailed logical argumentation on the limitation of basic rights from the theoretical, practical and normative levels to bridge the negative impact, resolve conflicts and provide legitimacy and legitimacy basis for it. The third part mainly enumerates the content of the right restriction governance measures taken under the public health emergencies in detail according to the existing laws related to the restriction of basic rights under the public health emergencies in China, which provides the basis for the later argumentation and analysis. The fourth part first explains the protection of basic rights under public health emergencies. In case of emergency, there will be restrictions on basic rights. If there are no restrictions on rights, people's rights will be vulnerable to infringement. The restriction of basic rights is also a kind of guarantee in the sense of legal norm theory. The protection of basic rights should be the core value goal of a democratic country under the rule of law as a constitutionalism. This is the case in normal governance, especially in abnormal governance. Then, it explains the mode of basic rights protection under normal and abnormal conditions in order to better protect people's basic rights under public health emergencies. Due to the tension between facts and norms under public health emergencies, it is bound to lead to the conflict and game between public interests and personal interests as well as between the restriction and protection of basic rights under abnormal conditions. The key to the governance of public health emergencies is how to balance the relationship between power granting and rights limitation under public health emergencies, effectively realize the transformation of social order, and lead to the rule of law in the balance of power and rights. Therefore, the focus of this chapter is to carefully analyze the relationship between power and rights and rights under public health emergencies, find the key point of balance, and achieve an effective and rapid recovery of the social state under abnormal conditions to normal social state.The fifth part is mainly about the specific improvement ideas of the problems and defects in public health emergencies. On the macro level, we should improve the "Emergency Response Law" as the basic law in the emergency field of our country, and then formulate the "Emergency State Law for Public Health Emergencies", introduce the system of derogation of rights, fill the gap in the emergency field of our country, form a macro overall command of public health emergencies, effectively regulate the exercise of state power under public health emergencies, and bring it into the framework of the rule of law, In order to better respond topublic health emergencies and protect the basic rights of people in an abnormal society; On the micro level, specific ideas are proposed to improve the problems and defects that affect people's basic rights such as the right to life and health, personal freedom, property right, the right to know, personal information and other basic rights in public health medical system, early warning mechanism, personal information utilization, infectious disease control measures and other specific details in the governance of public health emergencies. Finally, realize the legalization of social governance under public health emergencies, and better protect the basic rights of the people.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-04-02
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