论FRAND原则在反垄断法框架下的适用

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作者:

彭秋莎

导师:

李雨峰

导师单位:

民商法学院(知识产权学院)

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

FRAND原则;反垄断法;专利许可机制

摘要:

在市场经济全球化发展越来越快的今天,只有以强有力的制度作为后盾,才能保障经济有序发展。作为后盾保障的技术标准,其规则的制定,既是经济的产物,也是社会发展的必然趋势。然而,技术标准的不断完善而推动产业发展的同时,越来越多的知识产权被迫圈进标准化范围。标准和专利进行结合的情况下,需要防止标准必要专利权持有人滥用职权,从而扰乱市场。因此,如何权衡专利权人和标准实施者所拥有的职能范围,缓解两者之间的矛盾成为近年来专利法讨论的热点。FRAND 原则便是矛盾的解决方案之一。标准化的组织通常采用 FRAND 许可原则对技术标准进行控制,对专利权人进行约束,知识产权持有人需要其事先公开许可声明:技术标准中假如采用了其他专利技术,就需要按照 FRAND 许可原则标准使用者实施其专利技术。实施 FRAND 许可原则标准的过程,其实是一场战斗,其中涉及到专利权人、标准实施者与标准化组织之间权益角逐。 虽然,FRAND 原则本身存在许多不足,但这并不影响该原则得到大多数标准组织的认可和采纳,因为它试图在专利权人与技术使用人之间建立一种平衡:一方面允许他人使用专利,鼓励向所有市场新进入者开放专利;另一方面,保障专利持有人获得公平的回报,从而激励新技术的研发。FRAND 原则为标准专利许可提供了一套公开、公平的模式,有利于促进产业的发展。在FRAND 原则下,一般不存在标准专利权人是否许可的问题,而主要是“以什么费率”许可的问题。于是,业界有人戏称:许可费谈成了就是“朋友”,因为FRAND 与朋友的英文FRIEND 音同;谈不成就是敌人,就可能对簿公堂。鉴于市场利益分割的迫切需求,深入分析FRAND原则在理论研究与实际研究中具备重要意义。 本文主要分为五个部分,第一部分阐述FRAND原则的内涵,FRAND原则出现的原因与背景,FRAND原则与我国立法其他专利许可的区别等的。第二部分对我国适用FRAND 原则的现状及其存在问题进行了重点分析。通过对专利法、国家标准中的专利政策,以及反垄断法与知识产权法在调整知识产权许可中不同规定进行分析,本文梳理 1 万方数据出我国关于专利和标准冲突的立法现状。在此基础上,针对热点案例,即被称为中国标准必要专利反垄断纠纷第一案的“华为 vs交互数字集团纠纷案”,从实证的角度提炼我国使用FRAND原则存在的问题。 针对我国适用FRAND原则立法和实践中存在的问题(FRAND许可规则的模糊性、专利套牢、专利许可费问题、无法平衡专利权人、标准使用人的利益,导致大量诉讼等)进行分析。第三部分着重对美国FRAND使用费计算方法和欧盟的FRAND原则限制专利权人进行论述和分析。最后,针对我国目前适用FRAND原则存在的问题,从相对确定的FRAND 原则的完善、以合理原则来识别技术标准垄断行为的违法性、对强制性标准和推荐性标准构建不同的专利许可机制、FRAND 原则许可费率的确定等四方面,提出FRAND原则在反垄断法框架下的适用建议,以期对我国关于FRAND相关研究做出有所裨益。

学科:

民商法学

提交日期

2026-04-02

引用参考

彭秋莎. 论FRAND原则在反垄断法框架下的适用[D]. 西南政法大学,2014.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 论FRAND原则在反垄断法框架下的适用
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20110301250860
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 彭秋莎
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 民商法学院(知识产权学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2014
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 李雨峰
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 民商法学院(知识产权学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • FRAND原则;反垄断法;专利许可机制
  • dc.subject
  • FRAND Principle;;Antitrust Law;Patent Licensing mechanism
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 在市场经济全球化发展越来越快的今天,只有以强有力的制度作为后盾,才能保障经济有序发展。作为后盾保障的技术标准,其规则的制定,既是经济的产物,也是社会发展的必然趋势。然而,技术标准的不断完善而推动产业发展的同时,越来越多的知识产权被迫圈进标准化范围。标准和专利进行结合的情况下,需要防止标准必要专利权持有人滥用职权,从而扰乱市场。因此,如何权衡专利权人和标准实施者所拥有的职能范围,缓解两者之间的矛盾成为近年来专利法讨论的热点。FRAND 原则便是矛盾的解决方案之一。标准化的组织通常采用 FRAND 许可原则对技术标准进行控制,对专利权人进行约束,知识产权持有人需要其事先公开许可声明:技术标准中假如采用了其他专利技术,就需要按照 FRAND 许可原则标准使用者实施其专利技术。实施 FRAND 许可原则标准的过程,其实是一场战斗,其中涉及到专利权人、标准实施者与标准化组织之间权益角逐。 虽然,FRAND 原则本身存在许多不足,但这并不影响该原则得到大多数标准组织的认可和采纳,因为它试图在专利权人与技术使用人之间建立一种平衡:一方面允许他人使用专利,鼓励向所有市场新进入者开放专利;另一方面,保障专利持有人获得公平的回报,从而激励新技术的研发。FRAND 原则为标准专利许可提供了一套公开、公平的模式,有利于促进产业的发展。在FRAND 原则下,一般不存在标准专利权人是否许可的问题,而主要是“以什么费率”许可的问题。于是,业界有人戏称:许可费谈成了就是“朋友”,因为FRAND 与朋友的英文FRIEND 音同;谈不成就是敌人,就可能对簿公堂。鉴于市场利益分割的迫切需求,深入分析FRAND原则在理论研究与实际研究中具备重要意义。 本文主要分为五个部分,第一部分阐述FRAND原则的内涵,FRAND原则出现的原因与背景,FRAND原则与我国立法其他专利许可的区别等的。第二部分对我国适用FRAND 原则的现状及其存在问题进行了重点分析。通过对专利法、国家标准中的专利政策,以及反垄断法与知识产权法在调整知识产权许可中不同规定进行分析,本文梳理 1 万方数据出我国关于专利和标准冲突的立法现状。在此基础上,针对热点案例,即被称为中国标准必要专利反垄断纠纷第一案的“华为 vs交互数字集团纠纷案”,从实证的角度提炼我国使用FRAND原则存在的问题。 针对我国适用FRAND原则立法和实践中存在的问题(FRAND许可规则的模糊性、专利套牢、专利许可费问题、无法平衡专利权人、标准使用人的利益,导致大量诉讼等)进行分析。第三部分着重对美国FRAND使用费计算方法和欧盟的FRAND原则限制专利权人进行论述和分析。最后,针对我国目前适用FRAND原则存在的问题,从相对确定的FRAND 原则的完善、以合理原则来识别技术标准垄断行为的违法性、对强制性标准和推荐性标准构建不同的专利许可机制、FRAND 原则许可费率的确定等四方面,提出FRAND原则在反垄断法框架下的适用建议,以期对我国关于FRAND相关研究做出有所裨益。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The market economic globalization is growing rapidly in today. Only with a strong system as backing can we ensure the orderly development of the economy. The backup technology standard is a product of economic as well as the inevitable trend of social development. However, at the same time, with the continuous improvement of the technical standard and development of industry, more and more intellectual property was forced to restrict in the scope of standardization. In the situation where involves a combination of standard and patent, we need to prevent the patentee abusing their rights and raiding the market. Therefore, how to weigh the scope of the patentee and the standard implementers’ function, and alleviate the conflict between this two is becoming a hot spot in patent law in recent years. FRAND Principle is one of the solutions. Standards organizations usually employ FRAND Principle to control the technical standards, to restrict the patentee, and to require the intellectual property right holders to publish its license statement in advance. If the technical standard involves other patent technology, the standard implementer will be required to implement its technology in accordance with the FRAND Principle. In fact the process of implementing the FRAND Principle is a battle, which involved interests among the patentee, standard implementers and standards organizations. Although, there are some deficiencies with FRAND Principle, but this does not affect the principle recognized and adopted by most standards organizations, because it is trying to establish a balance between the patentee and users: On the one hand, allowing others to use patent, and encouraging to make it available to all new market entrants; On the other hand, safeguard the fair return of patent holders, and stimulates the development of new technology. FRAND Principle provides a set of open and fair mode for the standard patent licensing system with which will benefit the development of industry. Under the FRAND Principle, usually there is no question of whether it is permitted by the patentee, but rather mainly is about the license fees. As a result, someone joking that the parties will become “friends” once you both agree on the licensing fees, because the FRAND sounds the same with FRIEND in English. However, if you fail, it is possible that you have to face each other in the court as enemies. In view of the urgent need of interest division, a deep analysis of FRAND Principle has significant importance in both theory research and practical 1 万方数据research. This article is divided into five parts. The first part expounds the connotation and background of the FRAND Principle, and the difference between the legislation on FRAND Principle and other patent licensing in our country. The second part provides a analysis of the current situation and existing problems of FRAND Principle in China. Through the analysis of the differences in adjusting the rules of intellectual property rights licensing in patent law, national patent policy, and antitrust law and intellectual property law, this article illustrates the current patent and standard conflicts in legislation. On this basis, we are aiming at the hot spot case, which is known as the most important case in Chinese standard essential patent antitrust dispute: "Huawei vs. Interactive Digital Group", from the empirical prospect to identify the problems with FRAND principle in our country. We are conducting analysis with the application of FRAND Principle in the legislation and practice (vague rules, patent lock-in, patent licensing fees, unbalanced interests between the patentee and user which resulting in a large number of litigation, etc.). The third part focuses on discussion and analysis of the US FRAND fees calculation method and the patentee’s restrictive rights in EU. Finally, aiming at the existing problem of the application of FRAND Principle in China, we come up with some applicable advises under the Antitrust Law from four aspects: the improvement of the FRAND Principle; the recognition of the illegality of technical standard using reasonable principle; the separation of the licensing mechanism between compulsory standard and voluntary standard; and the determination of the licensing fee, in order to make useful further researches about FRAND Principle in China.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-04-02
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