中日外资安全审查制度比较研究

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归属院系:

国际法学院

作者:

内田拓海

导师:

殷维

导师单位:

国际法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

外资安全审查;审查程序;审查主题;审查标准

摘要:

在经济全球化的背景下,各国积极吸引外资以推动经济发展,然而,与此同 时,涉及国家安全的问题也逐渐增加。各国注意到外资大规模进入关键领域可能 带来威胁。外商投资安全审查是当前许多主要经济体用以管理外资的重要制度。 在推动高水平对外开放的同时,外商投资安全审查机制也为政府在平衡经济利益 和维护国家安全方面提供了有力的法治保障。2020 年 12 月 19 日,国家发改委、 商务部联合发布《外商投资安全审查办法》(以下简称为《安审办法》),在《外 商投资法》的基础上,通过《安审办法》的出台,进一步对外商投资安全审查制 度做出了较为全面的规定。但是该办法具有阶段性和过渡性,很多规定有待明确、 细化,主要体现在立法层级、审查主体、制度透明度和当事人程序权利保障等方 面。尽管日本在相应的法律中有涉及外资审查的规定,但并非是专门规则和机制, 导致日本仅在相应的法律中规定了基于国家安全考虑对投资者进行的审查。日本 于 2019 年修正了其主要用以规定外资安全审查的法律,即《外汇及外国贸易法》 (以下简称为《外汇法》)。修正后的外资安全审查的门槛更高,同时还增设了 事前申报的豁免制度,其监管制度趋向复杂化,从而也影响了赴日的外商投资活 动,使得外国投资者谨慎投资。通过研究中国与日本外资安全审查制度的内容、 剖析两国制度的异同,有助于理解和把握外资安全审查制度的价值和运用。一方 面,对中国现有制度进行分析,并提出完善建议,以期构建平衡安全与开放、适 应中国更高水平的开放型经济新体制需要的外资安全审查制度。另一方面,对日 本当前制度进行剖析,并在比较和借鉴中国制度的基础上,为日本进行制度升级 和完善提供新思路,以保障外商投资者的利益。 本文主要运用比较分析法,以中国和日本的外资安全审查制度为研究基点, 将中日外资安全审查制度进行比较分析,提出对中国和日本的外资安全审查制度 的完善建议、并探讨中国经验对日本的启示。全文主要由五部分组成,具体如下: 第一部分是对于外资安全审查有关的理论进行探讨。一是阐述外商投资的角 色与作用;二是基于国家主权理论的外资管理;三是外资安全审查的内涵与基础 考量;四是外资安全审查制度构建的必要性。 万方数据 2 第二部分是对于中国与日本设立外资安全审查这一制度的背景以及架构进 行比较。一是中日设立外资安全审查制度的背景与历程;二是中日外资安全审查 制度的基本架构;三是对比分析。 第三部分是对于中国与日本在外资安全审查机构方面的异同进行比较分析。 一是日本的外资安全审查机构;二是中国的外资安全审查机构;三是两国审查机 构的对比分析。 第四部分是对中国与日本外资安全审查的范围与标准进行对比。一是日本外 资安全审查范围与标准;二是中国外资安全审查的范围与标准;三是两国审查范 围与标准对比分析。 第五部分是对中国与日本外资安全审查程序进行比较分析。一是日本外资安 全审查程序;二是中国外资安全审查程序;三是两国审查程序的对比。 第六部分是中日外资安全审查制度的完善建议。一是总体要求;二是中国外 资安全审查制度的完善建议;三是中国经验对完善日本制度的借鉴价值;四是日 本外资安全审查制度的完善建议。

学科:

国际法学

提交日期

2026-04-01

引用参考

内田拓海. 中日外资安全审查制度比较研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2023.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 中日外资安全审查制度比较研究
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • WS202103510217
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 内田拓海
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 国际法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2023
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 殷维
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 国际法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 外资安全审查; 审查程序;审查主题 ; 审查标准
  • dc.subject
  • foreign investment security review; review procedure;review subject;review standard
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 在经济全球化的背景下,各国积极吸引外资以推动经济发展,然而,与此同 时,涉及国家安全的问题也逐渐增加。各国注意到外资大规模进入关键领域可能 带来威胁。外商投资安全审查是当前许多主要经济体用以管理外资的重要制度。 在推动高水平对外开放的同时,外商投资安全审查机制也为政府在平衡经济利益 和维护国家安全方面提供了有力的法治保障。2020 年 12 月 19 日,国家发改委、 商务部联合发布《外商投资安全审查办法》(以下简称为《安审办法》),在《外 商投资法》的基础上,通过《安审办法》的出台,进一步对外商投资安全审查制 度做出了较为全面的规定。但是该办法具有阶段性和过渡性,很多规定有待明确、 细化,主要体现在立法层级、审查主体、制度透明度和当事人程序权利保障等方 面。尽管日本在相应的法律中有涉及外资审查的规定,但并非是专门规则和机制, 导致日本仅在相应的法律中规定了基于国家安全考虑对投资者进行的审查。日本 于 2019 年修正了其主要用以规定外资安全审查的法律,即《外汇及外国贸易法》 (以下简称为《外汇法》)。修正后的外资安全审查的门槛更高,同时还增设了 事前申报的豁免制度,其监管制度趋向复杂化,从而也影响了赴日的外商投资活 动,使得外国投资者谨慎投资。通过研究中国与日本外资安全审查制度的内容、 剖析两国制度的异同,有助于理解和把握外资安全审查制度的价值和运用。一方 面,对中国现有制度进行分析,并提出完善建议,以期构建平衡安全与开放、适 应中国更高水平的开放型经济新体制需要的外资安全审查制度。另一方面,对日 本当前制度进行剖析,并在比较和借鉴中国制度的基础上,为日本进行制度升级 和完善提供新思路,以保障外商投资者的利益。 本文主要运用比较分析法,以中国和日本的外资安全审查制度为研究基点, 将中日外资安全审查制度进行比较分析,提出对中国和日本的外资安全审查制度 的完善建议、并探讨中国经验对日本的启示。全文主要由五部分组成,具体如下: 第一部分是对于外资安全审查有关的理论进行探讨。一是阐述外商投资的角 色与作用;二是基于国家主权理论的外资管理;三是外资安全审查的内涵与基础 考量;四是外资安全审查制度构建的必要性。 万方数据 2 第二部分是对于中国与日本设立外资安全审查这一制度的背景以及架构进 行比较。一是中日设立外资安全审查制度的背景与历程;二是中日外资安全审查 制度的基本架构;三是对比分析。 第三部分是对于中国与日本在外资安全审查机构方面的异同进行比较分析。 一是日本的外资安全审查机构;二是中国的外资安全审查机构;三是两国审查机 构的对比分析。 第四部分是对中国与日本外资安全审查的范围与标准进行对比。一是日本外 资安全审查范围与标准;二是中国外资安全审查的范围与标准;三是两国审查范 围与标准对比分析。 第五部分是对中国与日本外资安全审查程序进行比较分析。一是日本外资安 全审查程序;二是中国外资安全审查程序;三是两国审查程序的对比。 第六部分是中日外资安全审查制度的完善建议。一是总体要求;二是中国外 资安全审查制度的完善建议;三是中国经验对完善日本制度的借鉴价值;四是日 本外资安全审查制度的完善建议。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • In the context of economic globalization, countries are actively attracting foreign investment to promote economic development, however, at the same time, issues related to national security are gradually increasing. Countries are concerned about the potential threats posed by large-scale foreign investment in critical areas. Foreign investment security review is currently an important system used by many major economies to regulate foreign investment. While promoting a high level of openness to the outside world, the foreign investment security review mechanism also provides a strong rule of law guarantee for the government in balancing economic interests and maintaining national security.On December 19, 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the Measures on Foreign Investment Security Review, which, on the basis of the Foreign Investment Law, further Foreign investment security review system has made more comprehensive provisions. The Measures are phased and transitional in nature, with many provisions to be clarified and refined, mainly in terms of legislative hierarchy, review subjects, system transparency and procedural rights protection of parties. Although Japan has covered foreign investment review inside the corresponding legal provisions, it is not a special rule and mechanism, leading Japan to provide for investor review based on national security considerations only in the corresponding law. Japan amended its law that is primarily used to provide for foreign investment security review, namely the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law, in 2019. The revised foreign investment security review has a higher threshold and also adds an exemption system for prior declaration, and its regulatory system tends to be more complex, thus also affecting foreign investment activities to Japan and making foreign investors cautious in their investments. Studying the contents of the foreign investment security review systems in China and Japan and analyzing the similarities and differences between the two systems, helps to understand and grasp the value and application of the foreign investment security review system. On the one hand, the current system in China is analyzed and suggestions are made to 万方数据 2 improve it, with a view to building a foreign investment security review system that balances security and openness and that is adapted to the needs of China's new high-level open economy system. On the other hand is analyzed the current system in Japan and provide new ideas for upgrading and improving the system in Japan to protect the interests of foreign investors on the basis of comparing and learning from the Chinese system. This paper uses the comparative analysis method to compare the foreign investment security review systems in China and Japan, and proposes suggestions for improving the foreign investment security review systems in China and Japan, and discusses the inspiration of the Chinese experience to Japan. The paper consists of five main parts. The first part is a discussion of the theories related to foreign investment security review. First, the role and functions of foreign investment are explained; second, Foreign investment management based on the theory of national sovereignty; third, the connotation and basic considerations of foreign investment security review; and fourth, the necessity of constructing a foreign investment security review system. The second part is a comparison of the background and structure of the foreign investment security review system in China and Japan: first, the background and history of the foreign investment security review system in China and Japan; second, the basic structure of the foreign investment security review system in China and Japan; third, a comparative analysis. The third part is the comparison of foreign investment security review institutions in China and Japan: first, the foreign investment security review institutions in Japan; second, the foreign investment security review institutions in China; third, the comparative analysis of the review institutions in both countries. The fourth part is the comparison of the scope and standards of foreign investment security review between China and Japan: one is the scope and standards of foreign investment security review in Japan; the second is the scope and standards 万方数据 of foreign investment security review in China; the third is the comparative analysis of the scope and standards of review between the two countries. The fifth part is the comparison of foreign investment security review procedures between China and Japan: one is the foreign investment security review procedures in Japan; the second is the foreign investment security review procedures in China; the third is the comparison of the review procedures between the two countries. The sixth part is the suggestions for improving the foreign investment security review system in China and Japan. First, the general requirements; second, the suggestions for improving China's foreign investment security review system; third, the value of China's experience for improving Japan's system; and fourth, the suggestions for improving Japan's foreign investment security review system.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-04-01
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