论企业行政登记中的“虚假签名”问 题

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归属院系:

行政法学院

作者:

陈一凡

导师:

杨国栋 ;潘莉

导师单位:

行政法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

企业行政登记;虚假签名;背景;问题;原因;措施和路径

摘要:

企业行政登记属于我国行政登记制度的一种常见类型。企业行政登记指依照 企业法等法律法规的规定,市场监管部门根据当事人的申请,对企业登记事项予 以审核,对符合规定的予以登记注册,使当事人所申请事项发生一定效力的行政 行为。 1目前,我国企业行政登记主要实行形式审查制度,相关主体可以委托他 人或中介代办机构将载有委托人签名的申请材料及其身份证明提交市场监管部 门审核,若申请材料齐全且符合法定形式,即予以办理。 在形式审查制度背景和工作量过大的实践背景下,企业行政登记中的“虚假 签名”问题逐渐显现出来。以重庆市为例,2020 至 2022 年全市市场监管部门收 到以“虚假签名”为由请求撤销企业行政登记的申请达 1058 件, 2对社会诚信、 市场经济秩序、政府公信力等方面造成不良影响,主要表现为:第一,引发“失 信”问题,破坏诚信社会建设。如使用非法取得之他人信息骗取企业登记,中介 机构受逐利性所驱动故意造假,恶意逃避个人债务损害他人合法权益。第二,侵 害股东债权人等利益,扰乱市场经济秩序。如侵害股东股权、债权人债权,影响 企业稳定发展,扰乱社会主义市场经济秩序。第三,破坏政府公信力,损害法治 权威尊严。如扰乱行政管理秩序,行政机关败诉风险增加,给司法判决和执行带 来困难和障碍。 企业行政登记“虚假签名”产生的原因主要有三个方面:第一,形式审查制 度有漏洞。第二,违法行为存在现实可能性。如基于减少时间和精力的成本考虑, 逃避义务和责任的风险考虑,获取利益和回报的逐利性考虑。第三,法律规制对 违法行为的威慑不够。由于缺乏积极的管理、有效的监管,企业行政登记“虚假 签名”问题目前位于政府机关管理真空地带,相关配套规定和制度滞后,政府机 关在工作实践中未能对该问题引起重视,进行积极有效干预,不法分子认为“虚 假签名”违法成本过低。 笔者认为,解决企业行政登记“虚假签名”问题的措施和路径为:第一,运 用科技措施,优化相关制度,源头规制“虚假签名”行为。如运用先进的科技技 1 葛声波:“企业登记:功能定位与制度完善”,《河南省政法管理干部学院学报》,2010 年第 5 期,第 128 页。 2 重庆市市场监督管理局统计数据。 1 术进行“实名认证”,引入公证法律服务,建立企业“户口薄”;建立责任追究 机制,建立健全市场主体信誉机制,推广涉企审批告知承诺制,推进涉企信息归 集共享;多渠道多方式加强宣传引导。第二,落实主体责任,提升审查能力,有 效严堵“虚假签名”漏洞。市场监管部门工作人员在企业行政登记工作中应增强 风险防范意识、推动实质审查制度、加大行政处罚力度、推动落实联合惩戒等。 第三,探寻真实意思,全面综合审理,公正办理“虚假签名”案件。行政复议机 关、人民法院在审理相关案件时,应当坚持公平公正原则,既要严格依法办案, 又要准确把握办案尺度,依法作出决定、判决或裁定。对于此类案件要避免“一 刀切”机械办案,在充分考虑和衡量各方当事人关系人利益的基础上,分析研判 争议的法律关系性质选定科学合理的裁判标准,以探寻签名人员的真实意思表示 为核心,对公司章程、工商登记信息、出资证明书、股东名册、实际出资情况等 证据进行综合审查,从其有无事前同意或事后追认的意思表示、有无参与公司经 营管理、有无以公司名义对外行为、有无享受公司收益等行为进行综合评估,判 断其是否有认可行政登记申请的意愿。

学科:

宪法学与行政法学

提交日期

2026-04-01

引用参考

陈一凡. 论企业行政登记中的“虚假签名”问 题[D]. 西南政法大学,2023.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 论企业行政登记中的“虚假签名”问 题
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • TD20210301032
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 陈一凡
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 行政法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2023
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 杨国栋;潘莉
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 行政法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 企业行政登记;虚假签名;背景;问题;原因;措施和路径
  • dc.subject
  • Enterprise administrative registration;false signature;background;problem;reason; measure and path
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 企业行政登记属于我国行政登记制度的一种常见类型。企业行政登记指依照 企业法等法律法规的规定,市场监管部门根据当事人的申请,对企业登记事项予 以审核,对符合规定的予以登记注册,使当事人所申请事项发生一定效力的行政 行为。 1目前,我国企业行政登记主要实行形式审查制度,相关主体可以委托他 人或中介代办机构将载有委托人签名的申请材料及其身份证明提交市场监管部 门审核,若申请材料齐全且符合法定形式,即予以办理。 在形式审查制度背景和工作量过大的实践背景下,企业行政登记中的“虚假 签名”问题逐渐显现出来。以重庆市为例,2020 至 2022 年全市市场监管部门收 到以“虚假签名”为由请求撤销企业行政登记的申请达 1058 件, 2对社会诚信、 市场经济秩序、政府公信力等方面造成不良影响,主要表现为:第一,引发“失 信”问题,破坏诚信社会建设。如使用非法取得之他人信息骗取企业登记,中介 机构受逐利性所驱动故意造假,恶意逃避个人债务损害他人合法权益。第二,侵 害股东债权人等利益,扰乱市场经济秩序。如侵害股东股权、债权人债权,影响 企业稳定发展,扰乱社会主义市场经济秩序。第三,破坏政府公信力,损害法治 权威尊严。如扰乱行政管理秩序,行政机关败诉风险增加,给司法判决和执行带 来困难和障碍。 企业行政登记“虚假签名”产生的原因主要有三个方面:第一,形式审查制 度有漏洞。第二,违法行为存在现实可能性。如基于减少时间和精力的成本考虑, 逃避义务和责任的风险考虑,获取利益和回报的逐利性考虑。第三,法律规制对 违法行为的威慑不够。由于缺乏积极的管理、有效的监管,企业行政登记“虚假 签名”问题目前位于政府机关管理真空地带,相关配套规定和制度滞后,政府机 关在工作实践中未能对该问题引起重视,进行积极有效干预,不法分子认为“虚 假签名”违法成本过低。 笔者认为,解决企业行政登记“虚假签名”问题的措施和路径为:第一,运 用科技措施,优化相关制度,源头规制“虚假签名”行为。如运用先进的科技技 1 葛声波:“企业登记:功能定位与制度完善”,《河南省政法管理干部学院学报》,2010 年第 5 期,第 128 页。 2 重庆市市场监督管理局统计数据。 1 术进行“实名认证”,引入公证法律服务,建立企业“户口薄”;建立责任追究 机制,建立健全市场主体信誉机制,推广涉企审批告知承诺制,推进涉企信息归 集共享;多渠道多方式加强宣传引导。第二,落实主体责任,提升审查能力,有 效严堵“虚假签名”漏洞。市场监管部门工作人员在企业行政登记工作中应增强 风险防范意识、推动实质审查制度、加大行政处罚力度、推动落实联合惩戒等。 第三,探寻真实意思,全面综合审理,公正办理“虚假签名”案件。行政复议机 关、人民法院在审理相关案件时,应当坚持公平公正原则,既要严格依法办案, 又要准确把握办案尺度,依法作出决定、判决或裁定。对于此类案件要避免“一 刀切”机械办案,在充分考虑和衡量各方当事人关系人利益的基础上,分析研判 争议的法律关系性质选定科学合理的裁判标准,以探寻签名人员的真实意思表示 为核心,对公司章程、工商登记信息、出资证明书、股东名册、实际出资情况等 证据进行综合审查,从其有无事前同意或事后追认的意思表示、有无参与公司经 营管理、有无以公司名义对外行为、有无享受公司收益等行为进行综合评估,判 断其是否有认可行政登记申请的意愿。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The enterprise administration registration BELONGS TO OUR COUNTRY administration registration system one kind of common type. The term“Enterprise administrative registration” refers to the application made by the parties to the industrial and commercial authorities for the registered items in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Enterprise Law and the enterprise registration regulations, an activity in which an application is registered after the examination and verification of compliance with the relevant provisions. [ GE Shengbo, “Enterprise Registration: functional orientation and institutional improvement”, Journal of Henan University of Finance and Economics, No. 5,2010, p. 128. At present, the administrative registration of enterprises in our country mainly implements the system of formal examination, and the relevant subjects may entrust in writing, the trustee shall submit the application materials and the identity certificate of the client to the Enterprise Registration Authority for examination and approval, and the application shall be granted as long as the application materials are complete and comply with the legal form.Under the background of formal examination system and the practice of excessive workload, the problem of“False signature” in enterprise administrative registration gradually appears. In Chongqing, for example, between 2020 and 2022, the city's market regulatory authorities received 1,058 applications for cancellation of enterprises' administrative registration on the grounds of“False signatures,” according to statistics from the Chongqing Market Supervision Administration. It has a bad influence on social credit, market economy order and government credit, which is mainly manifested in: first, it causes the problem of“Discredit” and destroys the construction of Credit Society. If the information obtained illegally is used to defraud the registration of the enterprise, the intermediaries are driven by the profit-seeking nature to fabricate intentionally and avoid personal debts in bad faith to harm the legitimate rights and interests of others. Second, infringe on the interests of shareholders and creditors, disturb the order of the market economy. Such as infringement of shareholders' equity, creditors' claims, affecting the stability and development of enterprises, disturbing the order of Socialist market economy. Third, it undermines the credibility of the government and the executive branch of the rule of 1 law. If the administrative order is disturbed, the risk of losing a executive branch case increases, which brings difficulties and obstacles to the administration of justice. There are three main reasons for the appearance of“False signature” in Enterprise Administrative Registration: first, there are loopholes in the formal examination system. Second, there is a real possibility of illegal acts. For example, the cost of reducing time and effort, the risk of shirking obligations and responsibilities, and the profit-seeking consideration of obtaining benefits and returns. Third, the legal regulation of illegal acts of deterrence is not enough. Due to the lack of active management and effective supervision, the problem of“False signatures” in enterprise administrative registration currently lies in the management vacuum of government organs, and relevant supporting regulations and systems lag behind, in practice, the government failed to pay attention to the problem and intervened actively and effectively. The lawbreakers think that the cost of“False signature” is too low. The author thinks that the measures and paths to solve the problem of“False signature” in the administrative registration of enterprises are as follows: first, to use scientific and technological measures, optimize the relevant system, and regulate the“False signature” behavior at the source. Such as the use of advanced technology for“Real name authentication”, the introduction of Notary Legal Services, the establishment of enterprise“Household Register”, the establishment of accountability mechanisms, the establishment of a sound market credibility mechanism, we will promote the commitment system for enterprise-related examination and approval, promote information gathering and sharing, and strengthen publicity and guidance through multiple channels and means. Second, the implementation of the main responsibility to enhance the ability to review, effectively plug the“False signature” loopholes. The staff of the Market Supervision Department should strengthen the awareness of risk prevention, implement the substantive examination system, increase the strength of administrative punishment and promote the implementation of joint punishment. Third, to explore the true meaning, a comprehensive trial, fair handling of“False signature” cases. Administrative Review organs and People's Court should adhere to the principle of fairness and impartiality when handling relevant cases. They should handle cases in strict accordance with the law and accurately grasp the criteria for handling cases, and make decisions, judgments or rulings in accordance with the law. For such cases, we should avoid“One size fits all” mechanical handling of the case, on the basis of fully considering and weighing the interests of the parties 2 concerned, analyze and study the nature of the legal relationship of the dispute, select scientific and reasonable judgment standards, taking the search for the true intention of the signers as the core, the company's Articles of association, Business Registration Information, Capital Contribution Certificate, Shareholder List, actual capital contribution and other evidence are comprehensively examined, to make a comprehensive assessment from the following aspects: whether they have expressed prior consent or subsequent recognition, whether they have actually participated in the actual operation and management of the company, whether they have publicized on behalf of the company, whether they have obtained company dividends, etc. , to determine whether it has the intention to approve the application for administrative registration.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-04-01
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