国家安全视野下境外非政府组织监管制度研究

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归属院系:

国际法学院

作者:

吴涛

导师:

张晓君

导师单位:

国际法学院

学位:

博士

语种:

中文

关键词:

国家安全;非政府组织;监管制度

摘要:

非政府组织在全球范围内扮演着越来越重要的角色,它们在经济、教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育、环保等领域开展活动,对社会发展有着积极的影响。随着经济全球化和世界多极化的发展,非政府组织在国际政治中的影响与作用进一步增强,成为全球治理的重要补充。由于其影响力的逐渐扩大,非政府组织也对国家安全产生重大影响,某些美西方国家开始利用非政府组织的特性,支持和操纵部分境外非政府组织进行与其宗旨严重背离的活动,甚至利用其干预他国内政,对他国国家安全和利益构成威胁。我国当前也面临着类似的挑战。2014 年 4 月 15 日,习近平总书记提出了总体国家安全观,要求我们以更开阔的视角来看待危及国家安全的因素,包括传统安全和非传统安全。其核心要义是要求我们坚持统筹发展和安全;坚持把政治安全放在首要位置;坚持统筹推进各领域安全;坚持把防范化解国家安全风险摆在突出位置;坚持推进国际共同安全等十一个方面。 面对某些境外非政府组织在非传统安全领域对我国家安全和利益的威胁,为有效维护国家安全,2017 年 1 月 1 日,我国颁布实施了《境外非政府组织境内活动管理法》(以下简称《管理法》),以更好地监督和管理境外非政府组织在境内的活动。新法实施以来,对我国境内的非政府组织起到了较好的监督和管理作用。但由于该法主要针对的是境外非政府组织在境内活动的监督管理,对于境外非政府组织在境外从事危害我国家安全和利益行为的监管处于盲区。特别是近年来,对于部分美西方背景的境外非政府组织在我港澳地区、周边国家、“一带一路”沿线国家开展“颜色革命”活动,扰乱当地政局,破坏其整体社会经济环境,从而干扰我“一带一路”倡议的落地,损害我国在海外的投资利益。现有的监管制度对于境外非政府组织在境外针对我国国家安全、“一带一路”的海外利益构成的威胁和损害并没有相关处理办法和解决措施。同时该法也存在一些不足,如配套细则尚未出台,存在法律空白和漏洞。这导致在监管过程中缺乏明确的法律依据和操作规程,实务部门在监管过程中的具体操作存在不少问题,影响了监管效果。 加强对境外非政府组织的监管,特别是对其境外活动行为的监管,有助于防范和打击其渗透颠覆、损害我经济利益等违法行为,维护国家安全。通过建立健全的监管体系,引导境外非政府组织依法开展活动,有助于提升其组织运作的规范性和透明度,促进其2 在华健康有序发展。加强对境外非政府组织的监管,可以确保其活动真正服务于社会公益事业,避免资源浪费和滥用,更好地满足人民群众的需求。为了维护我国国家安全和社会稳定,创造有利于我国政治经济建设的国内外环境,加强研究境外非政府组织的活动特点、发展规律、负面影响、法律制度的对策等具有极其重要的时代意义与现实价值。本文立足于国家安全的宏观视野之下,通过文献研究法、比较研究法、内容分析法等方法对美国、俄罗斯为代表的外国政府的境外非政府组织的法律监管制度及有益经验进行研究。以总体国家安全观为指导,统筹传统安全和非传统安全,积极转变监管理念,着眼于境外非政府组织监管制度的中国困境,不断完善立法,进行国际法塑造,致力于构建和完善具有中国特色的境外非政府组织监管制度。 本文通过梳理并分析国家安全视野下境外非政府组织监管制度理论基础,包括国家安全和总体国家安全观、境外非政府组织及其监管制度的基本概念、背景和核心要义、相互关系等,为构建后续分析框架提供了理论基础和出发点。通过梳理境外非政府与国家安全的关系,分析对国家安全的积极作用和潜在威胁,并对比了境外非政府组织在格鲁吉亚、乌克兰、吉尔吉斯斯坦以及中国香港的颜色革命,从活动方式和特点总结并分析出境外非政府组织从事颜色革命的基本规律,进而发现境外非政府组织的行为对国家安全和利益构成的威胁,以总体国家安全观出台为研究节点,探讨了其出台前后中国对于境外非政府组织监管的影响,分析现阶段境外非政府组织监管的中国挑战与问题,进一步明确在总体国家安全观指导下,在非传统安全领域对境外非政府组织危害国家安全和利益的行为监管的紧迫性与必要性。文章立足于中国实际,从法律层面、制度层面研究了中国对于境外非政府组织监管制度的现状,进一步发现了制度本身存在的困境。本文参阅并分析了大量国外文献与法律法规,对于外国政府对于境外非政府组织监管的基本状况、监管原则、监管体制做了详细研究,并选取了俄罗斯和美国两个典型国家的监管制度经验重点研究。在上述研究的基础上,提出了对境外非政府组织完善监管制度的建议。在国家安全的视野下,以总体国家安全观为指导,重点针对境外非政府组织在境外从事颜色革命危害国家安全,损害一带一路海外利益等行为加强监管,从转变监管理念、监管模式、监管体制、法律制度等多角度提出优化路径。

学科:

国际法学

提交日期

2026-03-31

引用参考

吴涛. 国家安全视野下境外非政府组织监管制度研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2024.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 国家安全视野下境外非政府组织监管制度研究
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • B2018030109105
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 吴涛
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 国际法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 博士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学博士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2024
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 张晓君
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 国际法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 国家安全;非政府组织;监管制度
  • dc.subject
  • National security;non-governmental organizations;regulatory regimes
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 非政府组织在全球范围内扮演着越来越重要的角色,它们在经济、教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育、环保等领域开展活动,对社会发展有着积极的影响。随着经济全球化和世界多极化的发展,非政府组织在国际政治中的影响与作用进一步增强,成为全球治理的重要补充。由于其影响力的逐渐扩大,非政府组织也对国家安全产生重大影响,某些美西方国家开始利用非政府组织的特性,支持和操纵部分境外非政府组织进行与其宗旨严重背离的活动,甚至利用其干预他国内政,对他国国家安全和利益构成威胁。我国当前也面临着类似的挑战。2014 年 4 月 15 日,习近平总书记提出了总体国家安全观,要求我们以更开阔的视角来看待危及国家安全的因素,包括传统安全和非传统安全。其核心要义是要求我们坚持统筹发展和安全;坚持把政治安全放在首要位置;坚持统筹推进各领域安全;坚持把防范化解国家安全风险摆在突出位置;坚持推进国际共同安全等十一个方面。 面对某些境外非政府组织在非传统安全领域对我国家安全和利益的威胁,为有效维护国家安全,2017 年 1 月 1 日,我国颁布实施了《境外非政府组织境内活动管理法》(以下简称《管理法》),以更好地监督和管理境外非政府组织在境内的活动。新法实施以来,对我国境内的非政府组织起到了较好的监督和管理作用。但由于该法主要针对的是境外非政府组织在境内活动的监督管理,对于境外非政府组织在境外从事危害我国家安全和利益行为的监管处于盲区。特别是近年来,对于部分美西方背景的境外非政府组织在我港澳地区、周边国家、“一带一路”沿线国家开展“颜色革命”活动,扰乱当地政局,破坏其整体社会经济环境,从而干扰我“一带一路”倡议的落地,损害我国在海外的投资利益。现有的监管制度对于境外非政府组织在境外针对我国国家安全、“一带一路”的海外利益构成的威胁和损害并没有相关处理办法和解决措施。同时该法也存在一些不足,如配套细则尚未出台,存在法律空白和漏洞。这导致在监管过程中缺乏明确的法律依据和操作规程,实务部门在监管过程中的具体操作存在不少问题,影响了监管效果。 加强对境外非政府组织的监管,特别是对其境外活动行为的监管,有助于防范和打击其渗透颠覆、损害我经济利益等违法行为,维护国家安全。通过建立健全的监管体系,引导境外非政府组织依法开展活动,有助于提升其组织运作的规范性和透明度,促进其2 在华健康有序发展。加强对境外非政府组织的监管,可以确保其活动真正服务于社会公益事业,避免资源浪费和滥用,更好地满足人民群众的需求。为了维护我国国家安全和社会稳定,创造有利于我国政治经济建设的国内外环境,加强研究境外非政府组织的活动特点、发展规律、负面影响、法律制度的对策等具有极其重要的时代意义与现实价值。本文立足于国家安全的宏观视野之下,通过文献研究法、比较研究法、内容分析法等方法对美国、俄罗斯为代表的外国政府的境外非政府组织的法律监管制度及有益经验进行研究。以总体国家安全观为指导,统筹传统安全和非传统安全,积极转变监管理念,着眼于境外非政府组织监管制度的中国困境,不断完善立法,进行国际法塑造,致力于构建和完善具有中国特色的境外非政府组织监管制度。 本文通过梳理并分析国家安全视野下境外非政府组织监管制度理论基础,包括国家安全和总体国家安全观、境外非政府组织及其监管制度的基本概念、背景和核心要义、相互关系等,为构建后续分析框架提供了理论基础和出发点。通过梳理境外非政府与国家安全的关系,分析对国家安全的积极作用和潜在威胁,并对比了境外非政府组织在格鲁吉亚、乌克兰、吉尔吉斯斯坦以及中国香港的颜色革命,从活动方式和特点总结并分析出境外非政府组织从事颜色革命的基本规律,进而发现境外非政府组织的行为对国家安全和利益构成的威胁,以总体国家安全观出台为研究节点,探讨了其出台前后中国对于境外非政府组织监管的影响,分析现阶段境外非政府组织监管的中国挑战与问题,进一步明确在总体国家安全观指导下,在非传统安全领域对境外非政府组织危害国家安全和利益的行为监管的紧迫性与必要性。文章立足于中国实际,从法律层面、制度层面研究了中国对于境外非政府组织监管制度的现状,进一步发现了制度本身存在的困境。本文参阅并分析了大量国外文献与法律法规,对于外国政府对于境外非政府组织监管的基本状况、监管原则、监管体制做了详细研究,并选取了俄罗斯和美国两个典型国家的监管制度经验重点研究。在上述研究的基础上,提出了对境外非政府组织完善监管制度的建议。在国家安全的视野下,以总体国家安全观为指导,重点针对境外非政府组织在境外从事颜色革命危害国家安全,损害一带一路海外利益等行为加强监管,从转变监管理念、监管模式、监管体制、法律制度等多角度提出优化路径。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are playing an increasingly important role globally, carrying out activities in the fields of economics, education, science and technology, culture, health, sports and environmental protection, and having a positive impact on social development. With the development of economic globalization and the multipolarity of the world, the influence and role of NGOs in international politics have further increased, making them an important complement to global governance. As a result of the gradual expansion of their influence, non-governmental organizations have also had a significant impact on national security, and certain American and Western countries have begun to take advantage of the characteristics of non-governmental organizations and public welfare undertakings to support and manipulate some of them to carry out activities that are seriously at odds with their purposes, and even to intervene in the internal affairs of other countries, thus posing a threat to the national security and interests of other countries. Our country is currently facing similar challenges.On April 15, 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the Overall National Security Concept, which requires us to take a broader view of the factors that jeopardize national security, including both traditional and non-traditional security. Its core essence is that it requires us to insist on integrating development and security; to insist on giving top priority to political security; to insist on promoting security in all areas in an integrated manner; to insist on giving a prominent place to the prevention and resolution of national security risks; and to insist on promoting international common security, among other 11 aspects. In the face of the threat to our national security posed by foreign non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the area of non-traditional security, and in order to effectively safeguard national security, on 1 January 2017, China promulgated and implemented the Law on the Administration of the Activities of Foreign Non-Governmental Organizations within the Territory of China, in order to better supervise and manage the activities of foreign NGOs within the territory. Since the implementation of the new law, it has played a better role in supervising and managing NGOs in China. However, since the Law mainly focuses on the supervision and management of the activities of foreign NGOs within the country, there is a blind spot in the supervision and management of foreign NGOs engaging in activities outside   2 the country that jeopardize our national security and interests. In particular, in recent years, some foreign NGOs with U.S. and Western backgrounds have carried out "color revolution" activities in our neighboring countries and countries along the "Belt and Road" route, disrupting the local political situation and destroying their overall socio-economic environments, thus interfering with our national security and interests. The "Belt and Road" Initiative will be implemented, thereby interfering with the implementation of our "Belt and Road" Initiative and jeopardizing the interests of China's overseas investments. The existing regulatory system does not have any measures to deal with the threats and damages posed by foreign non-governmental organizations (NGOs) against China's national security and the overseas interests of the "Belt and Road" initiative. At the same time, there are also some shortcomings in the law, such as the absence of supporting rules and regulations, and the existence of legal gaps and loopholes. As a result, there is a lack of a clear legal basis and operating procedures in the regulatory process, and there are a number of problems in the specific operation of the substantive departments in the regulatory process, which affects the effectiveness of regulation. Strengthening the supervision of foreign non-governmental organizations will help to prevent and combat their infiltration, subversion, damage to our economic interests and other violations of the law, as well as to safeguard national security. By establishing a sound regulatory system and guiding foreign NGOs to carry out their activities in accordance with the law, it will help to enhance the standardization and transparency of their operations and promote their healthy and orderly development in China. Strengthening the supervision of foreign NGOs can ensure that their activities truly serve the public welfare, avoid waste and abuse of resources, and better meet the needs of the people. In order to maintain China's national security and social stability, and to create a domestic and international environment conducive to China's political and economic construction, it is of great significance and practical value to strengthen the research on the characteristics of the activities of foreign NGOs, their laws of development, their negative impacts, and countermeasures of the legal system. Based on the macro view of national security, this paper studies the legal regulatory system and useful experience of foreign NGOs represented by the United States and Russia through literature research, comparative research and content analysis. Guided by the overall concept of national security, it integrates traditional and non-traditional security, actively changes the concept of regulation, focuses on the Chinese dilemma of the regulatory system       3 of foreign non-governmental organizations, continuously improves legislation, shapes international law, and devotes itself to constructing and perfecting the regulatory system of foreign non-governmental organizations with Chinese characteristics. By sorting out and analyzing the theoretical foundations of the regulatory system of overseas non-governmental organizations under the perspective of national security, including the theoretical foundations of national security and the overall concept of national security, the basic concepts, background and core elements of overseas non-governmental organizations and their regulatory system, this paper provides the theoretical foundation and starting point for the construction of the subsequent analytical framework. By sorting out the relationship between overseas NGOs and national security, analyzing the positive effects and potential threats to national security, and comparing the color revolutions of overseas NGOs with those of Georgia, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, and Hong Kong, China, we summarize and analyze the basic pattern of overseas NGOs engaging in color revolutions in terms of their modes of activities and characteristics, and then find out that the behavior of overseas NGOs poses a national security and interest The study takes the introduction of the overall concept of national security as a research node, discusses the impact of China's regulation of foreign NGOs before and after its introduction, analyzes the challenges and problems in the regulation of foreign NGOs at the current stage, and further clarifies the urgency and necessity of regulating the actions of foreign NGOs that jeopardize national security in the field of nontraditional security, under the guidance of the overall concept of national security.Based on China's actual situation, this article examines the current situation of China's regulatory system for foreign non-governmental organizations (NGOs) at the legal and institutional levels, and further identifies the dilemmas that exist in the system itself. This article refers to and analyzes a large number of foreign literature and laws and regulations, and conducts a detailed study on the basic status, regulatory principles and regulatory systems of foreign governments for the supervision of overseas NGOs, and focuses on the experience of the regulatory systems of Russia and the United States, which are two typical countries in the world. On the basis of the above research, suggestions are made to improve the regulatory system for the behavior of overseas NGOs. Under the perspective of national security and guided by the overall concept of national security, it focuses on strengthening the regulation of overseas NGOs engaging in color revolutions outside the country that endanger national security and harm the overseas interests of the Belt and Road, and proposes optimization   4 paths from multiple perspectives, such as transforming the concept of management, the management mode, the governance system, the legal system, and so on.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-31
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