个人破产重整制度研究

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作者:

熊杰

导师:

盛学军

导师单位:

经济法学院(生态法学院)

学位:

博士

语种:

中文

关键词:

个人破产重整;重整财产;重整计划

摘要:

现代个人破产制度秉持两项基本理念:平等对待所有债权人,为诚实而不幸的债务人提供全新的开始。个人破产重整是对已具破产条件或濒临破产而又有重整希望的债务人予以拯救的债务处理积极程序。不同于个人破产清算、个人破产和解,也不同于企业破产重整,个人破产重整程序鼓励债务人通过继续努力工作持续获得收入,并将未来一定期限的收入用于清偿债务换取余债免除,从而实现自身经济康复的目标,同时避免了债务人通过破产迅速获得免责,规避债务清偿。个人破产重整程序已成为当今世界处理个人过度负债的主流程序之一。近年来,我国个人及家庭过度负债问题日益突出,各界对个人破产的研究和立法更加关注。在各种个人破产救济程序中,个人破产重整更契合我国当前国民普遍的社会观念和价值理念,应当引入该制度并根据我国实际予以构造。 除了绪论和结论,全文共分为七章。 本文第一章对个人破产重整进行了制度溯源,梳理了个人破产制度的产生背景、影响因素及发展脉络,并对该制度的立法现状和趋势予以介绍。个人破产重整制度是在企业法人破产重整制度基础之上发展而来。其产生和发展也是源于经济因素和制度因素。破产重整制度源于英国,而美国破产法将包括个人破产重整在内的破产重整制度发展至典型与极致。现有破产立法中典型的个人破产重整样态主要包括美国个人破产重整程序、日本个人再生程序、英国个人自愿整理程序等;此外,许多国家在正式的破产重整司法程序之外还设置了相应的替代程序。个人破产重整的立法趋势主要表现为更加注重人权保障、努力提升重整效率与效果、强化对债务人的教育矫治和法庭外重整、个人破产重整与个人破产清算融合发展等。 第二章论述了个人破产重整的法律构造问题。首先,论文分析了个人破产重整制度的法律特征,并将其与个人破产清算、个人破产和解、企业破产重整等就行了比较,提出个人破产重整制度的基本理念包括社会本位理念、利益平衡理念以及适度干预理念等。其次,论文在梳理个人破产重整制度在我国部分法院的实践困境,以及整体性立法不足的基础上,对我国个人破产重整的程序类型及制度体系进行了前瞻性分析。鉴于破产债务人的资产和负债等情况存在较大差异,我国破产重整普通程序也应适用于符合条件的个人,即财产和债务规模庞大且关系复杂的商事个人;同时应当设置个人破产重整简易程序,个人破产重整简易程序包括一般简易程序和重整速裁程序。一般简易程序是1 个人破产重整适用的主要程序,实行重整计划简单表决;重整速裁程序主要适用于债务规模很小的消费者破产重整,该程序无需进行重整计划草案表决,法院根据法定要件径直决定是否批准重整计划。此外,应针对农牧渔民设置特殊的破产重整简易程序。个人破产重整的制度体系中,既有实体制度,又有程序制度,一些具体制度中,可能会既有实体性规范,又有程序性规范。具体制度的设计和构建,不应仅考虑程序适用的便利,还应注重对当事人实体权利的保护和平衡。 第三章分析了个人破产重整准入问题。能否获得个人破产重整程序的救济,取决于债务人是否具备重整能力和重整原因。不同立法关于个人破产重整准入的制度设计不尽一致,日本的分类准入模式与美国的收入审查模式即是典型代表。就我国实际情况而言,没有必要在重整准入程序中设置复杂的个人收入筛查机制,以避免成本增加,效率降低。个人破产重整能力的认定标准即是债务人在未来能够持续获得较为稳定的收入,扣除家庭生活必须开支后尚能清偿一定债务。个人破产重整原因包括消极原因和积极原因。我国个人破产重整原因不应仅限于停止支付标准和资不抵债标准,还应增加濒临支付不能标准,以尽早对债务人实施挽救,提升个人重整的成功率,同时要注重考查债务人是否具备重整的积极原因。个人破产重整的申请与受理等程序构成重整启动制度。个人破产重整的启动包括债务人申请的自动启动,以及债权人申请的强制启动,自动启动为个人破产重整的一般模式。个人破产重整的受理也存在以接受申请为标志的自动受理模式,以及需要经过法院对申请进行审查并以法院决定为标志的审查受理模式。个人破产重整启动的效力与受理模式密切相关。为节约司法资源和提高程序效率,我国应当赋予破产重整申请的正式提交以程序启动的效力,即重整申请一经提交,债权人应当停止债务追讨,债务人财产处置亦受到限制。以避免审查启动模式带来的程序迟延及权力滥用。 第四章是关于个人破产重整财产问题。豁免财产制度是个人重整财产制度的基石。个人破产重整财产建立在破产财产膨胀主义基础之上,债务人在重整期间取得的所有收入及获得的财产都属于重整财产,构成清偿重整债务的主要财产。个人破产重整程序中,债务人所保留的财产并不局限于豁免财产,但也应予以适当限制,未经债权人同意,不能保留过分超出普通生活标准的超额财产及奢侈财产,以此维护个人破产重整程序的正当性及公信力。 第五章对个人破产重整计划这一个人破产重整核心制度进行了专门研究。首先,论文梳理和论证了个人破产重整计划中的债权清偿规则。个人破产重整计划应当遵循的债权清偿规则包括担保债权的清偿规则与无担保债权的清偿规则。其中无担保债权清偿规2 则又包括无担保优先债权清偿规则与普通债权清偿规则。我国个人破产重整立法应当注重对担保债权的保护,可以通过法院作出中止裁定来限制担保债权人行使担保权,但应当设置较为严格的批准要件。对于无担保债权,应重视诸如家庭扶养费债权、人身损害赔偿债权等特殊债权的优先保护;对于重整中普通债权的清偿,可对稳定收入者适用预期可支配收入标准,对收入不稳定者适用最低清偿额标准。其次,讨论了个人破产重整计划的制定与提交权问题,以及重整计划内容的规范要件,并对个人破产重整计划批准与执行中的相关问题进行了细致分析。近年来,个人破产重整计划的表决与批准程序呈逐步简化的趋势,一些立法在个人破产重整简易程序中甚至取消了重整计划的债权人表决环节,直接由法院根据法定要件审查决定是否批准执行。如个人破产重整计划履行过程中出现相应法定情形,导致重整计划履行困难,可以按程序对重整计划予以变更。如发现重整计划的批准存在债务人欺诈等情形,可以撤销重整计划。再次,论文还对我国个人破产重整计划制度的构建提出了意见和建议。 第六章是关于个人破产重整免责问题。免责制度使债务人实现真正的“全新开始”。不同立法对破产免责所持的开放态度不同,许多国家的破产立法都尽力避免债务人通过破产清算立即获得免责。债务人在重整免责前仍应受到特殊保护,诸如享受基本公共服务权益的维持、重整期间禁止向连带债务人追讨债务等。个人破产免责有自动免责及许可免责等模式。个人破产重整免责的前提一般是债务人对重整计划的全面履行;债务人也可能因艰难情事而免责。基于对特殊利益的保护,一些特殊债务在个人破产重整程序中依然不能予以调整和免责。在个人破产重整简易程序中,宜采自动免责模式,即重整计划履行完毕债务人自动获得免责。 第七章的研究关注个人破产重整程序的监管。程序的公正规范高效是个人重整成功的基本保证。个人破产重整的管理模式包括选任专业的破产执业者担任管理人参与管理模式和债务人自行管理模式。政府等公共机构以及社会化的破产从业主体在个人破产重整监管中扮演积极作为的角色。一方面,政府承担了个人破产重整事务的行政管理职能;另一方面,隶属于政府机构的公职管理人或政府雇佣的破产执业者积极介入个人破产重整案件的管理,减轻了法院的案件压力及当事人的经济负担。我国应当建立和强化个人破产重整的行政监管,规范和发展个人破产重整的社会服务,并建立个人破产重整案件的常设公职管理人制度。

学科:

经济法学

提交日期

2026-03-31

引用参考

熊杰. 个人破产重整制度研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2021.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 个人破产重整制度研究
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • B2018030107073
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 熊杰
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 博士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学博士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2021
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 盛学军
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 个人破产重整;重整财产;重整计划
  • dc.subject
  • Personal bankruptcy reorganization;Reorganization of property; Restructuring plan
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 现代个人破产制度秉持两项基本理念:平等对待所有债权人,为诚实而不幸的债务人提供全新的开始。个人破产重整是对已具破产条件或濒临破产而又有重整希望的债务人予以拯救的债务处理积极程序。不同于个人破产清算、个人破产和解,也不同于企业破产重整,个人破产重整程序鼓励债务人通过继续努力工作持续获得收入,并将未来一定期限的收入用于清偿债务换取余债免除,从而实现自身经济康复的目标,同时避免了债务人通过破产迅速获得免责,规避债务清偿。个人破产重整程序已成为当今世界处理个人过度负债的主流程序之一。近年来,我国个人及家庭过度负债问题日益突出,各界对个人破产的研究和立法更加关注。在各种个人破产救济程序中,个人破产重整更契合我国当前国民普遍的社会观念和价值理念,应当引入该制度并根据我国实际予以构造。 除了绪论和结论,全文共分为七章。 本文第一章对个人破产重整进行了制度溯源,梳理了个人破产制度的产生背景、影响因素及发展脉络,并对该制度的立法现状和趋势予以介绍。个人破产重整制度是在企业法人破产重整制度基础之上发展而来。其产生和发展也是源于经济因素和制度因素。破产重整制度源于英国,而美国破产法将包括个人破产重整在内的破产重整制度发展至典型与极致。现有破产立法中典型的个人破产重整样态主要包括美国个人破产重整程序、日本个人再生程序、英国个人自愿整理程序等;此外,许多国家在正式的破产重整司法程序之外还设置了相应的替代程序。个人破产重整的立法趋势主要表现为更加注重人权保障、努力提升重整效率与效果、强化对债务人的教育矫治和法庭外重整、个人破产重整与个人破产清算融合发展等。 第二章论述了个人破产重整的法律构造问题。首先,论文分析了个人破产重整制度的法律特征,并将其与个人破产清算、个人破产和解、企业破产重整等就行了比较,提出个人破产重整制度的基本理念包括社会本位理念、利益平衡理念以及适度干预理念等。其次,论文在梳理个人破产重整制度在我国部分法院的实践困境,以及整体性立法不足的基础上,对我国个人破产重整的程序类型及制度体系进行了前瞻性分析。鉴于破产债务人的资产和负债等情况存在较大差异,我国破产重整普通程序也应适用于符合条件的个人,即财产和债务规模庞大且关系复杂的商事个人;同时应当设置个人破产重整简易程序,个人破产重整简易程序包括一般简易程序和重整速裁程序。一般简易程序是1 个人破产重整适用的主要程序,实行重整计划简单表决;重整速裁程序主要适用于债务规模很小的消费者破产重整,该程序无需进行重整计划草案表决,法院根据法定要件径直决定是否批准重整计划。此外,应针对农牧渔民设置特殊的破产重整简易程序。个人破产重整的制度体系中,既有实体制度,又有程序制度,一些具体制度中,可能会既有实体性规范,又有程序性规范。具体制度的设计和构建,不应仅考虑程序适用的便利,还应注重对当事人实体权利的保护和平衡。 第三章分析了个人破产重整准入问题。能否获得个人破产重整程序的救济,取决于债务人是否具备重整能力和重整原因。不同立法关于个人破产重整准入的制度设计不尽一致,日本的分类准入模式与美国的收入审查模式即是典型代表。就我国实际情况而言,没有必要在重整准入程序中设置复杂的个人收入筛查机制,以避免成本增加,效率降低。个人破产重整能力的认定标准即是债务人在未来能够持续获得较为稳定的收入,扣除家庭生活必须开支后尚能清偿一定债务。个人破产重整原因包括消极原因和积极原因。我国个人破产重整原因不应仅限于停止支付标准和资不抵债标准,还应增加濒临支付不能标准,以尽早对债务人实施挽救,提升个人重整的成功率,同时要注重考查债务人是否具备重整的积极原因。个人破产重整的申请与受理等程序构成重整启动制度。个人破产重整的启动包括债务人申请的自动启动,以及债权人申请的强制启动,自动启动为个人破产重整的一般模式。个人破产重整的受理也存在以接受申请为标志的自动受理模式,以及需要经过法院对申请进行审查并以法院决定为标志的审查受理模式。个人破产重整启动的效力与受理模式密切相关。为节约司法资源和提高程序效率,我国应当赋予破产重整申请的正式提交以程序启动的效力,即重整申请一经提交,债权人应当停止债务追讨,债务人财产处置亦受到限制。以避免审查启动模式带来的程序迟延及权力滥用。 第四章是关于个人破产重整财产问题。豁免财产制度是个人重整财产制度的基石。个人破产重整财产建立在破产财产膨胀主义基础之上,债务人在重整期间取得的所有收入及获得的财产都属于重整财产,构成清偿重整债务的主要财产。个人破产重整程序中,债务人所保留的财产并不局限于豁免财产,但也应予以适当限制,未经债权人同意,不能保留过分超出普通生活标准的超额财产及奢侈财产,以此维护个人破产重整程序的正当性及公信力。 第五章对个人破产重整计划这一个人破产重整核心制度进行了专门研究。首先,论文梳理和论证了个人破产重整计划中的债权清偿规则。个人破产重整计划应当遵循的债权清偿规则包括担保债权的清偿规则与无担保债权的清偿规则。其中无担保债权清偿规2 则又包括无担保优先债权清偿规则与普通债权清偿规则。我国个人破产重整立法应当注重对担保债权的保护,可以通过法院作出中止裁定来限制担保债权人行使担保权,但应当设置较为严格的批准要件。对于无担保债权,应重视诸如家庭扶养费债权、人身损害赔偿债权等特殊债权的优先保护;对于重整中普通债权的清偿,可对稳定收入者适用预期可支配收入标准,对收入不稳定者适用最低清偿额标准。其次,讨论了个人破产重整计划的制定与提交权问题,以及重整计划内容的规范要件,并对个人破产重整计划批准与执行中的相关问题进行了细致分析。近年来,个人破产重整计划的表决与批准程序呈逐步简化的趋势,一些立法在个人破产重整简易程序中甚至取消了重整计划的债权人表决环节,直接由法院根据法定要件审查决定是否批准执行。如个人破产重整计划履行过程中出现相应法定情形,导致重整计划履行困难,可以按程序对重整计划予以变更。如发现重整计划的批准存在债务人欺诈等情形,可以撤销重整计划。再次,论文还对我国个人破产重整计划制度的构建提出了意见和建议。 第六章是关于个人破产重整免责问题。免责制度使债务人实现真正的“全新开始”。不同立法对破产免责所持的开放态度不同,许多国家的破产立法都尽力避免债务人通过破产清算立即获得免责。债务人在重整免责前仍应受到特殊保护,诸如享受基本公共服务权益的维持、重整期间禁止向连带债务人追讨债务等。个人破产免责有自动免责及许可免责等模式。个人破产重整免责的前提一般是债务人对重整计划的全面履行;债务人也可能因艰难情事而免责。基于对特殊利益的保护,一些特殊债务在个人破产重整程序中依然不能予以调整和免责。在个人破产重整简易程序中,宜采自动免责模式,即重整计划履行完毕债务人自动获得免责。 第七章的研究关注个人破产重整程序的监管。程序的公正规范高效是个人重整成功的基本保证。个人破产重整的管理模式包括选任专业的破产执业者担任管理人参与管理模式和债务人自行管理模式。政府等公共机构以及社会化的破产从业主体在个人破产重整监管中扮演积极作为的角色。一方面,政府承担了个人破产重整事务的行政管理职能;另一方面,隶属于政府机构的公职管理人或政府雇佣的破产执业者积极介入个人破产重整案件的管理,减轻了法院的案件压力及当事人的经济负担。我国应当建立和强化个人破产重整的行政监管,规范和发展个人破产重整的社会服务,并建立个人破产重整案件的常设公职管理人制度。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The modern system of personal bankruptcy is based on two basic ideas: treating all creditors equally and providing a fresh start for honest and unlucky debtors. Personal bankruptcy reorganization is an active procedure to rescue the debtor who is already in bankruptcy condition or on the verge of bankruptcy and has the hope of reorganization. Different from personal bankruptcy liquidation, personal bankruptcy settlement also differs from that of enterprise bankruptcy reorganization, personal bankruptcy reorganization procedure encourage debtor by continuing to work hard to keep, and will be the future a certain period of more than income to pay off debt in exchange for debt relief, so as to achieve the goal of their own economic recovery, at the same time avoid the debtor have liability through bankruptcy quickly, avoid debt repayment. Personal bankruptcy reorganization procedure has become one of the mainstream procedures to deal with excessive personal debt in today's world. In recent years, the problem of excessive debt of individuals and families in China has become increasingly prominent, and people from all walks of life pay more attention to the research and legislation of personal bankruptcy. In all kinds of personal bankruptcy relief procedures, personal bankruptcy reorganization is more consistent with the current national general social concepts and values of our country, we should introduce this system and according to the actual structure of our country. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter of this paper traces the source of the personal bankruptcy reorganization system, combs the background, influence factors and development of the personal bankruptcy system, and introduces the legislative status and trend of the system. The individual bankruptcy reorganization system is developed on the basis of the enterprise legal person bankruptcy reorganization system. Its emergence and development also come from economic factors and system factors. The bankruptcy reorganization system originated from The United Kingdom, while the Bankruptcy law of the United States has developed the bankruptcy reorganization system including personal bankruptcy reorganization to the typical and extreme. The typical forms of personal bankruptcy reorganization in the existing bankruptcy legislation mainly include the personal bankruptcy reorganization procedure in the United States, the personal renewal procedure in Japan, and the personal voluntary reorganization procedure in the United Kingdom. In addition, many countries have set up alternative procedures in addition to the formal judicial process of bankruptcy reorganization. The legislative trend of personal bankruptcy reorganization mainly shows that it pays more 1 attention to the protection of human rights, pays more attention to the efficiency and effect of reorganization, pays more attention to the educational correction of debtors and reorganization outside the court, and develops the integration of personal bankruptcy reorganization and personal bankruptcy liquidation. The second chapter discusses the legal structure of personal bankruptcy reorganization. First of all, the paper analyzes the legal characteristics of the personal bankruptcy reorganization system, and compares it with personal bankruptcy liquidation, personal bankruptcy reconciliation, enterprise bankruptcy reorganization, etc., and puts forward the basic concept of the personal bankruptcy reorganization system, including the concept of social standard, the concept of interest balance and the concept of moderate intervention. Secondly, on the basis of sorting out the practical difficulties of personal bankruptcy reorganization system in some courts of our country and the lack of overall legislation, the paper makes a prospective analysis of the procedure types and system system of personal bankruptcy reorganization in Our country. In view of the great difference between the assets and liabilities of the bankrupt debtor, the general procedure of bankruptcy reorganization in Our country should also be applied to the qualified individuals, that is, the commercial individuals with huge property and complicated debts. At the same time, a summary procedure for personal bankruptcy reorganization shall be set up, including general summary procedure and quick reorganization procedure. General summary procedure is the main procedure applicable to personal bankruptcy reorganization. This procedure does not require a vote on the draft reorganization plan. The court decides whether or not to approve the reorganization plan according to the statutory requirements. In addition, a special bankruptcy restructuring procedure should be set up for farmers, livestock and fishermen. In the institutional system of personal bankruptcy reorganization, there are both substantive system and procedural system. In some specific systems, there may be both substantive norms and procedural norms. The design and construction of the specific system should not only consider the convenience of the application of procedures, but also pay attention to the protection and balance of the substantive rights of the parties. The third chapter analyzes the admittance of personal bankruptcy reorganization. The relief of personal bankruptcy reorganization depends on whether the debtor has the ability of reorganization and the reason for reorganization. The system design of personal bankruptcy reorganization access in different legislation is not consistent, the classified access mode in Japan and the income review mode in the United States is a typical representative. In terms of the actual situation in China, there is no need to set up a complex individual income screening mechanism in the restructuring of access procedures to avoid cost increase and efficiency 2 reduction. The determination standard of the ability of personal bankruptcy reorganization is that the debtor can continue to obtain relatively stable income in the future and can pay off certain debts after deducting the necessary expenses of family life. The reasons for personal bankruptcy reorganization include negative reasons and positive reasons. The reasons for personal bankruptcy reorganization in China should not only be limited to the standard of stopping payment and insolvency, but also increase the standard of imminent payment, so as to save the debtor as soon as possible and improve the success rate of personal reorganization. At the same time, we should pay attention to whether the debtor has the positive reasons for reorganization. The application and acceptance of personal bankruptcy reorganization and other procedures constitute the reorganization start system. The initiation of personal bankruptcy reorganization includes automatic initiation of debtor's application and compulsory initiation of creditor's application. Automatic initiation is the general mode of personal bankruptcy reorganization. The acceptance of personal bankruptcy reorganization also exists the automatic acceptance mode marked by the acceptance of applications and the examination and acceptance mode marked by the court's decision. The validity of the initiation of personal bankruptcy reorganization is closely related to the acceptance mode. In order to save judicial resources and improve procedural efficiency, China should endue the formal submission of bankruptcy reorganization application with the effect of procedural initiation, that is, once the reorganization application is submitted, the creditors should stop the debt recovery, and the debtor's property disposal is also restricted. In order to avoid the process delay and power abuse caused by the initiation mode of review. The fourth chapter is about personal bankruptcy reorganization property issues. The exempt property system is the cornerstone of the personal restructuring property system. Personal bankruptcy reorganization property is built on the foundation of bankruptcy property inflation, the debtor during reorganization of all the income and acquired property belong to reorganization property, constitute the main property of pay off reorganization debt. In the process of personal bankruptcy reorganization, the property retained by the debtor is not limited to exempt property, but it should also be appropriately restricted. Without the consent of creditors, excess property and luxury property beyond ordinary living standards can not be retained, and in order to maintain the legitimacy and credibility of the process of personal bankruptcy reorganization. The fifth chapter makes a special study on the individual bankruptcy reorganization plan, the core system of individual bankruptcy reorganization. Firstly, the paper analyzes and demonstrates the creditor's right repayment rules in the personal bankruptcy reorganization plan. Personal bankruptcy reorganization plan should follow the repayment rules of creditor's 3 rights including the repayment rules of secured creditor's rights and the repayment rules of unsecured creditor's rights. Unsecured creditor's right repayment rule includes unsecured priority creditor's right repayment rule and common creditor's right repayment rule. The legislation of personal bankruptcy reorganization in Our country should pay attention to the protection of secured creditor's right, and the court can make a decision to suspend the guarantee creditor's right, but it should set more strict approval requirements. As for unsecured claims, priority should be given to the protection of special claims such as family maintenance claims and personal damage claims. For the liquidation of ordinary creditor's rights in reorganization, the expected disposable income standard can be applied to the stable income, and the minimum liquidation standard can be applied to the unstable income. Secondly, it discusses the formulation and submission rights of the personal bankruptcy reorganization plan, as well as the normative elements of the contents of the reorganization plan, and makes a detailed analysis of the approval and implementation of the personal bankruptcy reorganization plan. In recent years, the voting and approval procedure of personal bankruptcy reorganization plan has been gradually simplified. Some legislation even cancelled the creditor voting part of the reorganization plan in the simple procedure of personal bankruptcy reorganization, and directly decided whether to approve the execution by the court according to the legal requirements. If the implementation of the personal bankruptcy reorganization plan is difficult due to the corresponding legal circumstances, the reorganization plan can be changed according to the procedures. If the approval of the reorganization plan is found to be fraudulent by the debtor, the reorganization plan may be revoked. Thirdly, the thesis also puts forward some suggestions on the construction of personal bankruptcy reorganization plan system in China. The sixth chapter is about the exemption of personal bankruptcy reorganization. The exemption system enables the debtor to achieve a real "new start". Different legislations hold different open attitudes towards bankruptcy exemption. Many countries' bankruptcy legislation try their best to avoid the debtor's immediate exemption through bankruptcy liquidation. Debtors should still receive special protection before restructuring exemption, such as the maintenance of basic public service rights and interests, and the prohibition of recovering debts from joint debtors during restructuring. Personal bankruptcy exemption has automatic exemption and permission exemption modes. The premise of personal bankruptcy reorganization exemption is generally the debtor's full performance of the reorganization plan; A debtor may also be released from liability for difficult circumstances. Due to the protection of special interests, some special debts can not be adjusted and exempted in the process of personal bankruptcy reorganization. In the summary procedure of personal bankruptcy 4 reorganization, the mode of automatic exemption should be adopted, that is, the debtor will be exempted automatically after the completion of the reorganization plan. The seventh chapter focuses on the supervision of personal bankruptcy reorganization procedures. The fair, standard and efficient procedure is the basic guarantee for the success of personal reorganization. The management mode of personal bankruptcy reorganization includes selecting professional bankruptcy practitioner to participate in the management mode and debtor's self-management mode. The government and other public institutions and socialized bankruptcy practitioners play an active role in the supervision of personal bankruptcy reorganization. On the one hand, the government undertook the administrative functions of personal bankruptcy reorganization; On the other hand, the public administrator belonging to the government agency or the bankrupt practitioner employed by the government actively intervene in the management of personal bankruptcy reorganization cases, which reduces the pressure of the court case and the economic burden of the parties. China should establish and strengthen the administrative supervision of personal bankruptcy reorganization, standardize and develop the social services of personal bankruptcy reorganization, and establish a permanent public administrator system for personal bankruptcy reorganization cases.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-31
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