Research on Approaches to Balance the Foreign Direct Investment Protection and Sustainable Development in Myanmar

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归属院系:

国际法学院

作者:

EI KHINE ZIN AUNG

导师:

陈咏梅

导师单位:

国际法学院

学位:

博士

语种:

中文

关键词:

缅甸;外商直接投资保护;可持续发展

摘要:

本文探讨了平衡缅甸对外直接投资保护与可持续发展的途径。对全球经济的发展而言, 外国直接投资在世界上发挥着重要作用。可持续发展对东道国也很重要。正如外国直接投 资是长期商业风险一样,可持续发展对我们下一代的未来至关重要。东道国有责任通过国 际投资协议(IIAs)保护外国投资者。另一方面,东道国有责任保护公共健康和财产。因 此,缅甸必须按比例平衡三大支柱:经济,社会和环境,实现可持续发展。由于一些投资 项目需要更多的资金,因此缅甸需要吸引外国直接投资者。外商投资是推动国家发展的关 键因素之一,最近开始被视为可持续发展的重要来源。另一方面,缅甸需要努力减少普遍 贫困,这是目前的迫切需要。因此,缅甸通过颁布 2016 年《缅甸投资法》来吸引外国直 接投资,该法于 2018 年 8 月生效,是旧的外国直接投资法、缅甸公民投资法、经济特区 法和新的缅甸公司法的组合。然而,一些投资项目可能会破坏环境,也可能会影响公众健 康、牲畜养殖以及人们的生活条件。缅甸应当为了人民的福祉,寻求各种利益的适当平衡。 缅甸应当通过建立监管框架,寻求最大化的积极影响,并尽量减少外国投资的负面影响。 缅甸的政治制度是民主国家,国家是公共中心。因此,由人民选举产生的缅甸政府是调整 外国直接投资保护和可持续发展的主要权力机构。政府将根据国际投资法为外国直接投资 者提供保护。 因此,本文找出了四种缅甸政府可采取的平衡外国直接投资保护与可持续发展的方法。 首先,本文审查了透明度要求。透明度是良好治理的基本原则之一。当外国直接投资获得 批准时,政府必须开放。此外,政府应明确地为外国直接投资责任提供强有力的监管框架, 确保其不影响环境和公共利益。应允许公众透明地参与投资条约的谈判和通过。当东道国 出于公共利益的考虑,通过新的法律和政策时,必须告知在这个东道国的现有外国投资者, 以免他们在进行项目时遇到困难,同时应当允许他们对新的法律和政策发表评论。在解决 投资者与国家之间的争端时,也应考虑透明度要求,以平衡外国投资者的保护和东道国的 可持续发展。其次,本文研究了司法审查和行政司法制度,以求对行政行为进行制衡。缅 甸应当明确实施三个部门(行政,立法和司法)之间的制衡制度。司法审查有关行政决策 的监督。为了防止行政越权影响公共利益或外国投资者权利,政府需要贯彻行政司法制度。 该制度将能够审查和取消行政决策。第三,本文概述了国内的法院体系,以求保护外国投 资者权利和公共权利。缅甸应当改革司法制度,因为司法制度是平衡私人和公共利益的主 要传统领域。在环境政策中,对环境损害的补偿试图在国家政策中平衡经济,环境,社会, 政治和国际层面。人们应能够对政府损害赔偿提出索赔。例如,中国最高人民法院(SPC) 有民事司负责外国、中国港澳台地区相关的商业问题。除此之外,法院应该有公正的司 法制度。国内法院需要在国际和商业领域业务娴熟的法官。商业纠纷不仅可以在法院审理, 还可以通过仲裁解决。缅甸将采取名义措施加强法治和司法独立。第四,本文还提出了有 关环境问题、投资问题和人权问题的温和争端解决机制。缅甸应在环境问题、人权问题和 投资问题上采用温和的争端解决方案,以调整外商直接投资保护和实现可持续发展。一些 仲裁裁决对东道国政府造成数十亿美元的损失。发展中国家和最不发达国家无法应对一再 发生的挑战。投资者 - 国家仲裁引起的“监管寒意”,阻碍了公共利益立法和环境保护措 施的实施。许多国家在提交仲裁庭或法院解决争议之前,都会先进行谈判、斡旋或调解。 例如,一些国家采用行政 ADR,通过与环境有关的行政机构来解决环境争端。自由贸易协 定和双边投资协定改变了投资者、州和公众之间的权力平衡。他们应当建立一个可执行的 全球治理体系。 在研究这四种平衡外国直接投资保护和可持续发展的方法时,本文已经把它们与缅甸 的邻国和其他发展中国家进行了比较。本文借鉴了这些国家的经验,因为其他国家已经改 革了透明度要求、司法审查、司法制度和温和的争端解决机制。 最后,这四种方法展现 了平衡缅甸外国直接投资保护和可持续发展的成果。

学科:

国际法学

提交日期

2026-03-31

引用参考

EI KHINE ZIN AUNG. Research on Approaches to Balance the Foreign Direct Investment Protection and Sustainable Development in Myanmar[D]. 西南政法大学,2016.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • Research on Approaches to Balance the Foreign Direct Investment Protection and Sustainable Development in Myanmar
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • WB201603010910
  • dc.contributor.author
  • EI KHINE ZIN AUNG
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 国际法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 博士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学博士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2016
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 陈咏梅
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 国际法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 缅甸;外商直接投资保护;可持续发展
  • dc.subject
  • Myanmar;Foreign Direct Investment Protection;Sustainable Development
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 本文探讨了平衡缅甸对外直接投资保护与可持续发展的途径。对全球经济的发展而言, 外国直接投资在世界上发挥着重要作用。可持续发展对东道国也很重要。正如外国直接投 资是长期商业风险一样,可持续发展对我们下一代的未来至关重要。东道国有责任通过国 际投资协议(IIAs)保护外国投资者。另一方面,东道国有责任保护公共健康和财产。因 此,缅甸必须按比例平衡三大支柱:经济,社会和环境,实现可持续发展。由于一些投资 项目需要更多的资金,因此缅甸需要吸引外国直接投资者。外商投资是推动国家发展的关 键因素之一,最近开始被视为可持续发展的重要来源。另一方面,缅甸需要努力减少普遍 贫困,这是目前的迫切需要。因此,缅甸通过颁布 2016 年《缅甸投资法》来吸引外国直 接投资,该法于 2018 年 8 月生效,是旧的外国直接投资法、缅甸公民投资法、经济特区 法和新的缅甸公司法的组合。然而,一些投资项目可能会破坏环境,也可能会影响公众健 康、牲畜养殖以及人们的生活条件。缅甸应当为了人民的福祉,寻求各种利益的适当平衡。 缅甸应当通过建立监管框架,寻求最大化的积极影响,并尽量减少外国投资的负面影响。 缅甸的政治制度是民主国家,国家是公共中心。因此,由人民选举产生的缅甸政府是调整 外国直接投资保护和可持续发展的主要权力机构。政府将根据国际投资法为外国直接投资 者提供保护。 因此,本文找出了四种缅甸政府可采取的平衡外国直接投资保护与可持续发展的方法。 首先,本文审查了透明度要求。透明度是良好治理的基本原则之一。当外国直接投资获得 批准时,政府必须开放。此外,政府应明确地为外国直接投资责任提供强有力的监管框架, 确保其不影响环境和公共利益。应允许公众透明地参与投资条约的谈判和通过。当东道国 出于公共利益的考虑,通过新的法律和政策时,必须告知在这个东道国的现有外国投资者, 以免他们在进行项目时遇到困难,同时应当允许他们对新的法律和政策发表评论。在解决 投资者与国家之间的争端时,也应考虑透明度要求,以平衡外国投资者的保护和东道国的 可持续发展。其次,本文研究了司法审查和行政司法制度,以求对行政行为进行制衡。缅 甸应当明确实施三个部门(行政,立法和司法)之间的制衡制度。司法审查有关行政决策 的监督。为了防止行政越权影响公共利益或外国投资者权利,政府需要贯彻行政司法制度。 该制度将能够审查和取消行政决策。第三,本文概述了国内的法院体系,以求保护外国投 资者权利和公共权利。缅甸应当改革司法制度,因为司法制度是平衡私人和公共利益的主 要传统领域。在环境政策中,对环境损害的补偿试图在国家政策中平衡经济,环境,社会, 政治和国际层面。人们应能够对政府损害赔偿提出索赔。例如,中国最高人民法院(SPC) 有民事司负责外国、中国港澳台地区相关的商业问题。除此之外,法院应该有公正的司 法制度。国内法院需要在国际和商业领域业务娴熟的法官。商业纠纷不仅可以在法院审理, 还可以通过仲裁解决。缅甸将采取名义措施加强法治和司法独立。第四,本文还提出了有 关环境问题、投资问题和人权问题的温和争端解决机制。缅甸应在环境问题、人权问题和 投资问题上采用温和的争端解决方案,以调整外商直接投资保护和实现可持续发展。一些 仲裁裁决对东道国政府造成数十亿美元的损失。发展中国家和最不发达国家无法应对一再 发生的挑战。投资者 - 国家仲裁引起的“监管寒意”,阻碍了公共利益立法和环境保护措 施的实施。许多国家在提交仲裁庭或法院解决争议之前,都会先进行谈判、斡旋或调解。 例如,一些国家采用行政 ADR,通过与环境有关的行政机构来解决环境争端。自由贸易协 定和双边投资协定改变了投资者、州和公众之间的权力平衡。他们应当建立一个可执行的 全球治理体系。 在研究这四种平衡外国直接投资保护和可持续发展的方法时,本文已经把它们与缅甸 的邻国和其他发展中国家进行了比较。本文借鉴了这些国家的经验,因为其他国家已经改 革了透明度要求、司法审查、司法制度和温和的争端解决机制。 最后,这四种方法展现 了平衡缅甸外国直接投资保护和可持续发展的成果。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • This dissertation approaches the ways for balancing the foreign direct investment protection and sustainable development in Myanmar. For the development of global economy, foreign direct investment plays an important role in the world. Sustainable development is also important for host state. As like foreign direct investment is long term commercial risk, sustainable development is essential on future time for our next generation. Host states are responsible to protect foreign investor through International Investment Agreements (IIAs). On the other side, Host states are responsible to safeguard public health and property. Thus, Myanmar has to proportionally perform the three pillars: economic, social and environment for sustainable development. As some investment projects need more capital, Myanmar need to invite foreign direct investors. Foreign investment is one of the key elements in furthering the development of state and lately began to be seen as an important source for sustainable development. On the other hand, Myanmar need to attempt to reduce widespread poverty which is the present urgent requirement. Thus, Myanmar attract foreign direct investment by enacting Myanmar Investment Law, 2016 which is combination of the old Foreign Direct Investment Law and Myanmar Citizen Investment Law, Special Economic Zone Law and new Myanmar Companies Law which is enter into force in August, 2018. However, some investment projects may damage to the environment. Some may affect public health, people’s living conditions and their livestock. Myanmar should observe the appropriate balance of the diverse interests for the benefit of its people. Myanmar should find maximizes positive impacts and minimizes negative impacts from foreign investment by establishing regulatory framework. Myanmar’s political system is the democratic country which is the public center. Thus, Myanmar government, elected by the people is the main authority to adjust between foreign direct investment protection and sustainable development. Government will provide protection for foreign direct investors in accordance with the International Investment Law. Therefore, this dissertation finds out four approaches to balance foreign direct investment protection and sustainable development by Myanmar Government. Firstly, it reviews the transparency requirement. Transparency is one of the basic principles of good governance. Government must open when the foreign direct investments are approved. In addition, government should clearly provide the robust regulatory framework for foreign direct investment’s responsibility not to affect the environment and public interest. People should be allowed to participate in negotiation and adoption of investment treaties transparently. When the host state passed new law and policy for public interest, the existing foreign investors in this host state must be inform not to encounter difficulty in continuing their projects and they should be allowed to give comments on new law and policy. Transparency requirement should be considered in resolving investor-state dispute for the balancing foreign investor protection and sustainable development of the host state. Secondly, it studies on judicial review and administrative justice system for check and balance against the administrative actions. Myanmar should clearly implement the system of checks and balances among the three branches of the government (executive, legislative, and judicial). Judicial review is about the supervision of administrative decision making. In order to take action against administrative authority for beyond the power which affect the public interest or the foreign investor’s right, government requires administrative justice system. This system will be able to review and cancel against administrative decision. Thirdly, it overviews the domestic court system for protection of foreign investor’s right and public’s right. Myanmar should reform judicial system because judicial system is the main traditional domains for the balancing private and public interest. In the environmental policy, the compensation for environmental damage attempts to balance economic, environmental, social, political and international aspects in national policies. People should be able to claims against their government injury damages. For example, Supreme People’s Court of China (SPC) has Civil Division responsible for foreign, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR and Taiwan region related commercial issue. In addition to, the court should have impartial judicial system. The more competent judges who are skillful in the field of international and commercial are necessary in domestic courts. Commercial disputes should hold not only before the court but also settle through arbitration. The country will take nominal measures in strengthening the rule of law and judicial independence. Fourthly, it also provides reliance on amicable dispute resolution mechanism for environmental issue, investment issue and human right issue. Myanmar should adjust the foreign direct investment protection and sustainable development by using methods of Amicable Dispute Resolutions in the dispute settlement of environmental issue, human right issue and investment issue. Some arbitral awards run into the billions of dollars against host governments. The developing countries and least developed countries cannot defend repeated challenges. Investor-state arbitration cause a “regulatory chill”, forcing back public interest legislation and preventing environmental protection measures. Many countries apply negotiation, mediation or conciliation before bringing to the arbitral tribunal or the court for dispute resolution. For example, some countries use administrative ADR to settle the environmental disputes through administrative bodies related to the environment. FTAs and BITs shift the balance of power among investors, states and the public. They should create an enforceable global governance regime. In studying for these four approaches to balancing the foreign direct investment protection and sustainable development, it has already compared with Myanmar’s neighboring Countries and other developing countries. It has taken the experience from these countries because other countries have already reformed their transparency requirement, judicial review, judicial system, and amicable dispute resolution mechanism. These four approaches, finally, provide the outcomes of balancing the foreign direct investment protection and sustainable development in Myanmar
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-31
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