审查起诉方式的改革与完善

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归属院系:

法学院

作者:

谢玲

导师:

李昌林

导师单位:

法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

审查起诉方式;诉讼化构造;三方模式;预审;听证方式;中立性

摘要:

审查起诉从诉讼目标上本应是具有司法性质的活动,但现行审查起诉结构体现出了行政化的特征,尽管吸收了辩论式的要素,但审查活动仍是单方、片面和秘密的。这种单方审查方式由于缺乏程序主体的积极参与、控辩双方的实质对抗,不仅不能保障公诉质量,更不符合程序公正的要求。因此,改革审查起诉方式,使之符合司法活动的特征、符合诉讼化的结构、符合程序正义,是保证公诉质量、提高公诉效率、维护当事人权益的重要途径。 本文除引言和结语外,正文共分为四章。 第一章主要对我国现行审查起诉方式进行概述。要对一个制度进行研究,其基点就是制度的现状、制度的特征、制度在我国的运行情况。只有抓住问题的根源,才能对症下药,进行更深入的分析和改革。对此,第一章从实务的角度观察,发现我国审查起诉方式具有单方性、书面性、封闭性的特征。单方性特征体现为审查起诉是由检察官单方面实施的,被害人、犯罪嫌疑人、侦查人员无法同时参与其中,程序主体在时空上处于分离状态。而书面审查是检察官审查起诉的主要方式,也是检察官心证形成的重要决定因素。除了单方性、书面性外,审查起诉无论是从证据的获取途径,还是承办人的办案活动、作出起诉或不起诉的过程,都表现出了封闭性的特征。这些特征共同导致审查起诉程序不能保证诉讼公正和诉讼效率,难以发挥过滤和分流功能。 第二章从诉讼理论、域外实践的角度来论述审查起诉方式的应然状态。既然我国的审查起诉方式不能实现诉讼的价值,那么审查起诉应采取何种模式才能发挥应有的功能和实现应有的价值呢?如果从刑事诉讼的历史发展路径考察,程序越来越趋近于正当化是发展的趋势,如果从各国的改革潮流来看,程序的正当化改造也获得越来越多的共识。我国要实现诉讼的公正、效率价值,也应当以公正性为导向,设置合理的诉讼程序并确保侦查机关、检察机关、审判机关严格地遵守,使刑事诉讼朝正当化的方向迈进。而要构建正当化的程序,就需要具备裁判者的中立性、程序主体的参与、控辩平等、诉讼效率等要素。这些要素使得审查起诉总体上体现出诉讼化的特征,符合司法活动的本质。在确立了正当化要素后,通过考察大陆法系和英美法系的典型国家,比较这些国家审查起诉方式的优劣,笔者认为审查起诉应采取诉讼化的听证模式。这种诉讼化的听证模式不仅能防止检察机关不当的追诉,保障人民的正当权利,也能提高诉讼效率,防止国家的司法浪费,符合程序进步性和法治性的要求,因此是审查起诉方式应具备的形态。 第三章将视角转入国内,通过对现有研究成果进行述评来确立我国审查起诉方式的改革目标。虽然诉讼化的听证模式是审查起诉应具备的形态,但诉讼化结构的主体存在多种组合方式。审前程序一体化和审查起诉阶段引入预审法官的改造就体现了由警检担任控方、预审法官担任裁方、犯罪嫌疑人担任辩方的组合方式。这钟主体组合模式虽然符合诉讼化的结构,但设计者将检察机关定性为控诉机关,归入控诉行列,进而引入裁判者的思路不仅在理论上行不通,在现实中也会遭受到巨大阻力。从理论上来说,这些设计方案都是对检察机关的功能存在混淆和误读的结果,从现实来看,引入预审法官在我国还不具备可行性。所以,我国审查起诉方式的诉讼化改造应首先以矫正检察机关的职能定位为基础,检察机关虽同时具备公诉职能和监督职能,但这两种职能是并行不悖的,在行使的时间和空间都不存在矛盾和冲突。在明确了检察机关在审查起诉阶段实际执行的是裁判职能后,再通过借鉴某学者的诉讼构造理论,笔者提出了我国审查起诉方式的改革目标,即构造由侦查人员、检察人员、犯罪嫌疑人三方组成的诉讼模式。 第四章提出了我国审查起诉方式的具体构建方案。首先,需对目标的可行性进行论证,其中论证的重点就是检察人员的裁判者身份及控辩平衡的强化。检察人员虽在不同的国家具有不同的属性,但承担裁判职能的实质是毋庸置疑的,因此在地位上类似于司法官。同时,检察官在不同阶段承担不同职能的阶段性职能转换使得检察官在审查起诉阶段能保持中立性。再者,检察官的客观公正义务也要求检察官不应站在当事人的立场,而应站在客观的立场上进行活动。这些特征使得检察官在审查起诉阶段担当裁判者是可以成立的。而控辩平衡的强化,需要通过加强辩护律师的权利、矫正辩护律师的地位来实现。辩护律师权利的扩大化与实质化使得律师能更顺畅的履行辩护职责,辩护律师地位的矫正为检察官与律师之间的良性互动提供了平台。这些现实的改革与观念的更新对于保障起诉权的正确行使及提高诉讼效率都具有重要意义。其次,在可行性论证后,笔者将从基本规则、参与主体及相关权利、听证方式的启动、程序的运行流程、听证决议、程序救济方面对审查起诉方式的改革与完善提出较为详细的构建方案。

学科:

诉讼法学

提交日期

2026-03-23

引用参考

谢玲. 审查起诉方式的改革与完善[D]. 西南政法大学,2010.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 审查起诉方式的改革与完善
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20070301060683
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 谢玲
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2010
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 李昌林
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 审查起诉方式;诉讼化构造;三方模式;预审;听证方式;中立性
  • dc.subject
  • Examination;Prosecution Way;Lawsuit Construction;Tripartite Pattern;Hearing;Neutrality
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 审查起诉从诉讼目标上本应是具有司法性质的活动,但现行审查起诉结构体现出了行政化的特征,尽管吸收了辩论式的要素,但审查活动仍是单方、片面和秘密的。这种单方审查方式由于缺乏程序主体的积极参与、控辩双方的实质对抗,不仅不能保障公诉质量,更不符合程序公正的要求。因此,改革审查起诉方式,使之符合司法活动的特征、符合诉讼化的结构、符合程序正义,是保证公诉质量、提高公诉效率、维护当事人权益的重要途径。 本文除引言和结语外,正文共分为四章。 第一章主要对我国现行审查起诉方式进行概述。要对一个制度进行研究,其基点就是制度的现状、制度的特征、制度在我国的运行情况。只有抓住问题的根源,才能对症下药,进行更深入的分析和改革。对此,第一章从实务的角度观察,发现我国审查起诉方式具有单方性、书面性、封闭性的特征。单方性特征体现为审查起诉是由检察官单方面实施的,被害人、犯罪嫌疑人、侦查人员无法同时参与其中,程序主体在时空上处于分离状态。而书面审查是检察官审查起诉的主要方式,也是检察官心证形成的重要决定因素。除了单方性、书面性外,审查起诉无论是从证据的获取途径,还是承办人的办案活动、作出起诉或不起诉的过程,都表现出了封闭性的特征。这些特征共同导致审查起诉程序不能保证诉讼公正和诉讼效率,难以发挥过滤和分流功能。 第二章从诉讼理论、域外实践的角度来论述审查起诉方式的应然状态。既然我国的审查起诉方式不能实现诉讼的价值,那么审查起诉应采取何种模式才能发挥应有的功能和实现应有的价值呢?如果从刑事诉讼的历史发展路径考察,程序越来越趋近于正当化是发展的趋势,如果从各国的改革潮流来看,程序的正当化改造也获得越来越多的共识。我国要实现诉讼的公正、效率价值,也应当以公正性为导向,设置合理的诉讼程序并确保侦查机关、检察机关、审判机关严格地遵守,使刑事诉讼朝正当化的方向迈进。而要构建正当化的程序,就需要具备裁判者的中立性、程序主体的参与、控辩平等、诉讼效率等要素。这些要素使得审查起诉总体上体现出诉讼化的特征,符合司法活动的本质。在确立了正当化要素后,通过考察大陆法系和英美法系的典型国家,比较这些国家审查起诉方式的优劣,笔者认为审查起诉应采取诉讼化的听证模式。这种诉讼化的听证模式不仅能防止检察机关不当的追诉,保障人民的正当权利,也能提高诉讼效率,防止国家的司法浪费,符合程序进步性和法治性的要求,因此是审查起诉方式应具备的形态。 第三章将视角转入国内,通过对现有研究成果进行述评来确立我国审查起诉方式的改革目标。虽然诉讼化的听证模式是审查起诉应具备的形态,但诉讼化结构的主体存在多种组合方式。审前程序一体化和审查起诉阶段引入预审法官的改造就体现了由警检担任控方、预审法官担任裁方、犯罪嫌疑人担任辩方的组合方式。这钟主体组合模式虽然符合诉讼化的结构,但设计者将检察机关定性为控诉机关,归入控诉行列,进而引入裁判者的思路不仅在理论上行不通,在现实中也会遭受到巨大阻力。从理论上来说,这些设计方案都是对检察机关的功能存在混淆和误读的结果,从现实来看,引入预审法官在我国还不具备可行性。所以,我国审查起诉方式的诉讼化改造应首先以矫正检察机关的职能定位为基础,检察机关虽同时具备公诉职能和监督职能,但这两种职能是并行不悖的,在行使的时间和空间都不存在矛盾和冲突。在明确了检察机关在审查起诉阶段实际执行的是裁判职能后,再通过借鉴某学者的诉讼构造理论,笔者提出了我国审查起诉方式的改革目标,即构造由侦查人员、检察人员、犯罪嫌疑人三方组成的诉讼模式。 第四章提出了我国审查起诉方式的具体构建方案。首先,需对目标的可行性进行论证,其中论证的重点就是检察人员的裁判者身份及控辩平衡的强化。检察人员虽在不同的国家具有不同的属性,但承担裁判职能的实质是毋庸置疑的,因此在地位上类似于司法官。同时,检察官在不同阶段承担不同职能的阶段性职能转换使得检察官在审查起诉阶段能保持中立性。再者,检察官的客观公正义务也要求检察官不应站在当事人的立场,而应站在客观的立场上进行活动。这些特征使得检察官在审查起诉阶段担当裁判者是可以成立的。而控辩平衡的强化,需要通过加强辩护律师的权利、矫正辩护律师的地位来实现。辩护律师权利的扩大化与实质化使得律师能更顺畅的履行辩护职责,辩护律师地位的矫正为检察官与律师之间的良性互动提供了平台。这些现实的改革与观念的更新对于保障起诉权的正确行使及提高诉讼效率都具有重要意义。其次,在可行性论证后,笔者将从基本规则、参与主体及相关权利、听证方式的启动、程序的运行流程、听证决议、程序救济方面对审查起诉方式的改革与完善提出较为详细的构建方案。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The examination prosecution originally should have the judicial activity nature from the lawsuit goal, but the present examination prosecution structure has appeared administration's characteristic, although has absorbed debate's-like essential factor, examination was still the folk remedy, one-sided and the secret. This examination way lacks the participation of participants and the bilateral substantive resistance of both paties, not only cannot safeguard the appeal quality, does not meet the procedure fair requirement. Therefore, to reform examination prosecution way, causeing it to conform to the judicial activity characteristic, to conform to the lawsuit structure, to conform to the procedure justly, ,is guaranteed that the appeal quality, raises the appeal efficiency, to maintain the litigant rights and interests the important way. This article besides the introduction and the conclusion, the main text altogether divides into four chapters. The first chapter mainly carries on the outline to our country present examination prosecution way. Must conduct the research to a system, its basic point is system's present situation, the system in our country's operational aspect, system's characteristic, only then holds the question the root, can act appropriately to the situation, carries on a more thorough analysis and the reform. Regarding this, The first chapter from the practice angle, discovering that our country examination prosecution way have the folk remedy, written, closeness characteristic. The folk remedy characteristic manifests thatr the examination prosecution is implements unilaterally by the public prosecutor, the victim, the suspect, the detectives are unable simultaneously to participate in which, the participants are at the discrete state in the space and time. Besides folk remedy, written, examination prosecution, regardless of from evidence gain way, the undertaker handles a case the activity, to make the process which the prosecution or does not sue, displayed closeness characteristic. These characteristics cause the examination prosecution procedure not to be able together to guarantee that the lawsuit is fair and the lawsuit efficiency, displays with difficulty filters and diverges the function. The second chapter the comparison research which by outside the lawsuit theory, the territory practices elaborates the examination prosecution should however the condition. Since our country's examination prosecution way cannot realize the lawsuit value, then the examination prosecution should adopt what kind of pattern to be able to display the proper function and to realize the proper value? If from the criminal prosecution's historical development way , the procedure draws close in the legalisation is the development tendency, if looking from various countries' reform tidal current, the procedure legalisation transformation also obtains more and more mutual recognitions. Our country must realize the lawsuit fairly, the efficiency value, must take the fairness as the guidance, establishes the reasonable legal procedure and guaranteed that the detection institution, the Procuratorial agency, the Judicial organization observe strictly, cause the criminal prosecution to make great strides forward toward the legalisation direction. But must construct the legalisation the procedure, needs to have referee's neutrality, the procedure main body participation, to control debates essential factors and so on equality, lawsuit efficiency. These essential factors cause in the examination prosecution overall to manifest the lawsuit the characteristic, conforms to the judicial activity essence. After having established the legalisation essential factors, through inspects the mainland legal system and the UK-US legal system typical country, compare with these national examination prosecution way's fit and unfit quality, the author thought that the examination prosecution should adopt the lawsuit hearing pattern. This kind of lawsuit's hearing pattern not can only prevent Procuratorial agency improper investigation, safeguards people's right entitlement, can also raise the lawsuit efficiency, prevents national the judicial waste, conforms to procedure progressive and the government by law request, therefore examines the shape which the prosecution way should have. The third chapter changes the angle of view to the home, through carries on the commentary to the existing research results to establish our country to examine the prosecution way the reform goal. Although the lawsuit hearing pattern is the shape which the prosecution should have, but lawsuit structure subjects exist many kinds of combination way. the integration of pre-trial proceedings and the introduction of pre-trial judge in examination prosecution stage manifests the combination way that the police holds the post of the prosecution, examining justice to hold the post cuts the side, the suspect to hold the post of the defense. Although this combination pattern conforms to the lawsuit structure, but the designer take the Procuratorial agency to the complaint agency, belongs to the complaint ranks, then introduces referees not only theoretically invalid, will also be exposed in the reality the huge resistance. Theoritically speaking, these design proposal function exist confusion and the misregistration to Procuratorial agency's. Looking from the reality, introduction of examining justice has not had the feasibility in our country. Therefore, the lawsuit transformation should first take to rectify Procuratorial agency's function localization as a foundation, although the Procuratorial agency simultaneously has the appeal function and the inspector general function, but these two functions are compatible, is exercising the time and the space do not have the contradiction and the conflict. What in has been clear about the Procuratorial agency after the examination prosecution stage actual execution is the referee function, through profited from some scholar's lawsuit structure theory again, the author proposed our country examined the prosecution way the reform goal, namely the structure the lawsuit pattern which by the detectives, the procuratorial personnels, the suspect tripartite was composed. The fourth chapter elaborated the concrete construction plan of our country’s examine prosecution way. First, must carry on the proof to the goal feasibility, proves is with emphasis procuratorial personnels' referee status and controls debates the balanced strengthening. Although the procuratorial personnels have the different attribute in the different country, but undertakes the referee function essence is without a doubt, therefore is similar in the status to the judge. Furthermore, public prosecutor's objective and fair duty also requests the public prosecutor not to stand in litigant's standpoint, but should stand in the objective standpoint carries on the activity. These characteristics enable the public prosecutor to take on the referee in the examination prosecution stage are may establish. Trial lawyer the right magnification and substantializing enabled attorney the smoother fulfillment defense responsibility, trial lawyer the status correction have provided the platform for between the public prosecutor and attorney's benign interaction. These reality's reform and the idea renewal exercises and raises the lawsuit efficiency correctly regarding the safeguard right to sue to have the important meaning. Next, after feasible proof, the author from the fundamental rule, the particiants and the related right, the hearing way's start, the procedure movement flow, the hearing resolution, the procedure relief aspect to elaborate the more detailed construction plan for the reform and the consummation of examination and prosecution way .
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-23
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