有限责任公司股东强制分红权制度研究

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作者:

苏琼

导师:

江帆

导师单位:

经济法学院(生态法学院)

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

股东;分红权;强制分红权;具体分红诉讼;抽象分红诉讼

摘要:

股东作为商人,天生具有营利性,所以公司具有满足股东营利性需求的义务,即分 红的义务。相应地,股东享受分红权,分红权是股东最重要的股东权益,也是股东实现 其投资利益的重要途径。当公司存在可分配利润并且主动履行分配义务时,股东的分红 权得以完全实现;当公司存在可分配利润却不分、少分时,股东的分红权就难以实现或 者难以完全实现。所以本人认为法律应当确立股东的强制分红权制度,即赋予股东通过 诉讼的形式实现其分红利益的方式。 全文分为六章,对股东强制分红权制度做一个详尽的论述。 第一章为股东强制分红权的法律界定。主要阐述了公司的分红义务、股东的分红权 与强制分红权的概念、性质、特征。 第二章主要阐述了赋予股东强制分红权的的原因。主要原因是大小股东利益的冲 突、大股东滥用资本多数决原则及我国公司法律制度存在缺陷。 第三章阐述了股东强制分红权的正当性与重大的现实意义。进一步论证了强制分红 权的重要性。 第四章与第五章阐述了股东强制分红权的行使路径,即强制分红诉讼。根据分红权 的分类,本人将强制分红权行使的路径分为具体分红诉讼与抽象分红诉讼。具体分红诉 讼是股东依据股东会表决通过的分红决议或者公司章程强制分红约定提起的诉讼,法院 经过审理认定分红决议与强制分红约定有效,并且公司存在可供分配的利润却怠于履行 分红义务时,股东的具体强制分红权才能得到法院的支持。抽象分红诉讼是股东依据尚 未具体化的抽象分红权提起的诉讼,其与具体分红诉讼的程序规定并无二致,但在实体 的审理重点上却不一样。公司不分红、少分红、对利润所作的其他安排等商业决定的合 法性与合理性是抽象分红诉讼审理的重点,若经过审理,法官认为商业决定不合法或者 不合理,并且公司确实存在可供分配的利润却怠于履行分红义务,股东的抽象分红权才 能得到法院的支持。法院应当以督促公司履行分红义务作为作出分红判决的前置程序, 以体现充分尊重公司自治的原则。只有无法通过督促公司履行分红义务的情形下,法院 才能做出分红判决。 第六章论述了强制分红制度在我国遭遇的困境与出路。我国目前并无任何的法律明 文规定股东强制分红权制度,司法也难以应对强制分红诉讼。在借鉴国外的规定与制度 的基础上,本人认为我国法律应该明确强制分红制度,同时不断完善司法审判制度,尤 其注意加强司法过程中法官对分红纠纷进行调解。

学科:

经济法学

提交日期

2026-01-23

引用参考

苏琼. 有限责任公司股东强制分红权制度研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2010.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 有限责任公司股东强制分红权制度研究
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20070301070387
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 苏琼
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2010
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 江帆
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 股东;分红权;强制分红权;具体分红诉讼;抽象分红诉讼
  • dc.subject
  • shareholder;shareholder's right to dividends;shareholder's enforceable t right to dividends;concrete dividend lawsuit;abstract dividend lawsuit
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 股东作为商人,天生具有营利性,所以公司具有满足股东营利性需求的义务,即分 红的义务。相应地,股东享受分红权,分红权是股东最重要的股东权益,也是股东实现 其投资利益的重要途径。当公司存在可分配利润并且主动履行分配义务时,股东的分红 权得以完全实现;当公司存在可分配利润却不分、少分时,股东的分红权就难以实现或 者难以完全实现。所以本人认为法律应当确立股东的强制分红权制度,即赋予股东通过 诉讼的形式实现其分红利益的方式。 全文分为六章,对股东强制分红权制度做一个详尽的论述。 第一章为股东强制分红权的法律界定。主要阐述了公司的分红义务、股东的分红权 与强制分红权的概念、性质、特征。 第二章主要阐述了赋予股东强制分红权的的原因。主要原因是大小股东利益的冲 突、大股东滥用资本多数决原则及我国公司法律制度存在缺陷。 第三章阐述了股东强制分红权的正当性与重大的现实意义。进一步论证了强制分红 权的重要性。 第四章与第五章阐述了股东强制分红权的行使路径,即强制分红诉讼。根据分红权 的分类,本人将强制分红权行使的路径分为具体分红诉讼与抽象分红诉讼。具体分红诉 讼是股东依据股东会表决通过的分红决议或者公司章程强制分红约定提起的诉讼,法院 经过审理认定分红决议与强制分红约定有效,并且公司存在可供分配的利润却怠于履行 分红义务时,股东的具体强制分红权才能得到法院的支持。抽象分红诉讼是股东依据尚 未具体化的抽象分红权提起的诉讼,其与具体分红诉讼的程序规定并无二致,但在实体 的审理重点上却不一样。公司不分红、少分红、对利润所作的其他安排等商业决定的合 法性与合理性是抽象分红诉讼审理的重点,若经过审理,法官认为商业决定不合法或者 不合理,并且公司确实存在可供分配的利润却怠于履行分红义务,股东的抽象分红权才 能得到法院的支持。法院应当以督促公司履行分红义务作为作出分红判决的前置程序, 以体现充分尊重公司自治的原则。只有无法通过督促公司履行分红义务的情形下,法院 才能做出分红判决。 第六章论述了强制分红制度在我国遭遇的困境与出路。我国目前并无任何的法律明 文规定股东强制分红权制度,司法也难以应对强制分红诉讼。在借鉴国外的规定与制度 的基础上,本人认为我国法律应该明确强制分红制度,同时不断完善司法审判制度,尤 其注意加强司法过程中法官对分红纠纷进行调解。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • As a businessman, a shareholder is inherently interested in profits. Therefore, companies have the obligation to meet their shareholders' needs for profits, namely, dividends. Accordingly, shareholders enjoy the right to dividends which is the most important stock right and also an important way to gain their investment interests. When a company has distributable profits and actively fulfills its dividends obligation, the shareholder's right to dividends can be obtained. When a company has distributable profits but does not share or shares the profits less than expected, the shareholders' right to dividends can not be obtained or completely obtained. Thus, this paper insists that the shareholder's enforceable right to dividends should be legalized. That is, shareholders should be empowered to attain their dividends through litigating. This paper is divided into six parts, fully illustrates the system of shareholder's enforceable right to dividends. The first chapter is legal definition of the shareholders' enforceable right to dividends, mainly about conception, description and characteristics of company dividends obligation, shareholder's right to dividends and shareholder's enforceable right to dividends. The second chapter is about the reasons why shareholders should be given the enforceable right to dividends, the conflicts between majority and minority shareholders, the abuse of the majority rule princip by majority shareholders, and the defects of company law system in China are the main reasons. The third chapter is about alidity and practical significance of the shareholder's enforceable right to dividends, make further demonstration of the importance of shareholder's enforceable right to dividends. The fourth and fifth chapter are about the implementation procedures of shareholder's enforceable right to dividends. According to the classification of Shareholder's right to dividends, this paper divides the implementation procedures of shareholder's enforceable right to dividends into two, concrete dividend lawsuit and abstract dividend lawsuit. The former is the lawsuit which is passed by the shareholders according to the dividend resolution which is voted through by board of shareholders, or the lawsuit which is lodged by the company's articles about mandatory dividend sharing appointment. And when the court, after judging, maintains that the dividend resolution and mandatory dividend sharing appointment are valid, and when the company does not fulfill its obligation of sharing the distributable profits, the shareholder's concrete dividend lawsuit can get the court's support. Abstract dividend lawsuit is the one which is lodged by shareholders according to abstract dividend right that is not embodied. It is the same with concrete dividend lawsuit, but there are differences in the hearing of the entities. The hearing focus of abstract dividend right is the validity and rationality of the commercial decisions, for example, the company does not share or shares the dividends less than expected, or spends the dividends for other arrangements. When the court, after judging, maintains that the commercial decisions lack validity and rationality, and the company does have distributable dividends but does not fulfill its dividend obligation, the shareholder's abstract dividend sharing right can get the court's support. For the court, it should urge the company to fulfill the dividend obligation and take this as the prepositive procedure, to fully show that the company's self-management is respected. Only after the company is urged to fulfill its dividend obligation can the court announce a dividend verdict. The sixth chapter is about the dilemmas and settlement of law system on the shareholder's enforceable right to dividends in China. There is no law system of shareholder's enforceable right to dividends. That makes the lawsuits of mandatory dividend sharing right difficult to deal with. On the basis of foreign systems and precedents, the author insists that China should define the system of mandatory dividend sharing right. Besides, Chinese legal system should also be improved, and especially, the judges should mediate the dividend sharing disputes during the judicial process.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-01-23
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