我国侦查权泛化问题研究

传播影响力
本库下载频次:
本库浏览频次:
CNKI下载频次:0

归属院系:

刑事侦查学院

作者:

武赟斌

导师:

管光承

导师单位:

刑事侦查学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

侦查权;侦查权泛化;侦查权配置

摘要:

侦查权是国家权力的一个组成部分,按照法律规定,侦查权只能由特定的国家机关, 即公安机关、检察机关、国家安全机关、军队保卫部门以及监狱行使。但由于我国的社 会处在转型期,犯罪率高涨,侦查机关经费不足,破案率极低,加上网络科技的发展, 公众自由民主意识和法律意识增强,于是,侦查权逐渐向民间发展。侦查权的泛化问题 已经触及国家法律和国家体制的变更,有待相关法律给予规范。 全文共分四个部分,约40000余字。 第一部分为侦查权泛化的基本问题阐释。首先,文中阐述了侦查权的基本概念。由 于英美法系国家实行双轨制侦查模式,而大陆法系国家实行单轨制侦查模式,使得两大 法系对侦查权的定义有所不同。双轨制侦查模式下,侦查权与调查权可以互用,单轨制 侦查模式下,侦查权只能由国家专门机关享有。关于侦查权的性质一直存在着行政权和 司法权的争执。但从侦查权在我国的行使情况来看,侦查权本质上属于行政权,一定程 度上也兼具司法权的性质。也正是由于侦查权的这种特殊的性质和身份,才使得侦查权 最易出现权力的滥用和权力的泛化。其次,侦查权的泛化最重要的方面就是侦查权主体 的泛化。根据侦查权的性质,各国都将侦查权赋予国家的警察和检察部门,在我国,公 安机关和检察机关是两大侦查权主体。在侦查权产生分离和重新配置的过程中,侦查权 主体逐渐向社会化发展,以此形成与国家侦查权共存的局面,侦查权泛化问题就产生了。 第二部分具体介绍了几种社会影响广泛的侦查权泛化现象。第一是“人肉搜索”, 它的形成和发展与其说是网络科技的发展,公民民主意识的增强,毋宁说是社会结构和 形态发展的必然结果。“人肉搜索”通过虚拟世界的利益机制,模拟西方国家早期的私 人侦探模式,借助网络的平台建立起了强大的搜索引擎,对社会现实中的假恶丑现象予 以声讨和谴责,在弘扬真善美、增强民族凝聚力、彰显社会正义,以及反腐倡廉方面都 取得了国家机关无法取得的成效。与此同时,也对被搜索者的权益造成了严重侵犯,更 对传统侦查权的行使提出了挑战,急需法律的出台予以调整和规范。第二是“私人侦探”, 它的产生和发展在西方国家早已不是新鲜事,并有了相对配套的体制和机制得以运行, 而在我国,私人侦探尚处在发展阶段。虽然公安部早就明令禁止私人侦探的存在,但是 它依然在我国蓬勃发展起来了。这表明私人侦探在我国有着广阔的市场前景和存在的现 实基础。第三是辅助警力,这个特殊团体在侦查权泛化中有着特殊的意义,它不像“人 肉搜索”引擎和“私人侦探”那样,是纯粹的民间组织和个人,而是由公安机关招聘, 受公安机关管辖的非在编人员,主要从事协助警察的工作。由于辅助警力地位的特殊性, 致使他们往往行使警察的侦查权,是侦查权泛化的又一方面。 第三部分从正反两个方面分析了侦查权泛化的积极意义和弊端。首先应当肯定侦查 权泛化是社会发展和进步的结果,它的产生和发展符合政府改革的需要,可以在国家机 关之外为公众提供更充分全面的安全服务,也是诉讼程序发展的必然规律。当然,对侦 查权泛化的弊端也不容忽视,它既违背了法定原则,又因缺乏有效管理给当事人的权益 造成侵害,还因法律规定的欠缺导致其证据效力的不足,客观上也阻碍了其正面作用的 发挥。从公众以及国家对侦查权泛化现象的态度,笔者认为,在肯定和保障国家侦查机 关享有侦查权的同时,可以适当“放权”给有条件的非国家机关和个人,以达到权力和 权利的制衡,既可以节约司法成本,又有利于发挥公民的积极性。当然这些都要建立在 法律的完善,机制的健全基础上。 第四部分就探讨了怎样构建侦查运行的法治,怎样合理配置侦查权的具体方法。就 侦查运行机制而言,首先要在诉讼程序中加强保护犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的合法权益,保 障其辩护权和沉默权的行使,其次要加强检察机关对侦查机关的监督,再次要实行司法 机关对侦查权的司法审查制度,最后要规范审前案件信息的公开和限制,让媒体和舆论 监督真正起到保障公民权益的作用。就非国家机关而言,可以引用西方国家关于第三部 门的理念,合理运用第三部门,使其与国家机关相互补充,相互协调,在最大程度上保 障公民权益的同时,避免因侦查权泛化导致的各种社会问题。

学科:

公安学

提交日期

2026-01-22

引用参考

武赟斌. 我国侦查权泛化问题研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2010.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 我国侦查权泛化问题研究
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20070301200741
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 武赟斌
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 刑事侦查学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2010
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 管光承
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 刑事侦查学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 侦查权;侦查权泛化;侦查权配置
  • dc.subject
  • Criminal Investigation Power;Generalization of Criminal Investigation Power;Configuration of Criminal Investigation Power
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 侦查权是国家权力的一个组成部分,按照法律规定,侦查权只能由特定的国家机关, 即公安机关、检察机关、国家安全机关、军队保卫部门以及监狱行使。但由于我国的社 会处在转型期,犯罪率高涨,侦查机关经费不足,破案率极低,加上网络科技的发展, 公众自由民主意识和法律意识增强,于是,侦查权逐渐向民间发展。侦查权的泛化问题 已经触及国家法律和国家体制的变更,有待相关法律给予规范。 全文共分四个部分,约40000余字。 第一部分为侦查权泛化的基本问题阐释。首先,文中阐述了侦查权的基本概念。由 于英美法系国家实行双轨制侦查模式,而大陆法系国家实行单轨制侦查模式,使得两大 法系对侦查权的定义有所不同。双轨制侦查模式下,侦查权与调查权可以互用,单轨制 侦查模式下,侦查权只能由国家专门机关享有。关于侦查权的性质一直存在着行政权和 司法权的争执。但从侦查权在我国的行使情况来看,侦查权本质上属于行政权,一定程 度上也兼具司法权的性质。也正是由于侦查权的这种特殊的性质和身份,才使得侦查权 最易出现权力的滥用和权力的泛化。其次,侦查权的泛化最重要的方面就是侦查权主体 的泛化。根据侦查权的性质,各国都将侦查权赋予国家的警察和检察部门,在我国,公 安机关和检察机关是两大侦查权主体。在侦查权产生分离和重新配置的过程中,侦查权 主体逐渐向社会化发展,以此形成与国家侦查权共存的局面,侦查权泛化问题就产生了。 第二部分具体介绍了几种社会影响广泛的侦查权泛化现象。第一是“人肉搜索”, 它的形成和发展与其说是网络科技的发展,公民民主意识的增强,毋宁说是社会结构和 形态发展的必然结果。“人肉搜索”通过虚拟世界的利益机制,模拟西方国家早期的私 人侦探模式,借助网络的平台建立起了强大的搜索引擎,对社会现实中的假恶丑现象予 以声讨和谴责,在弘扬真善美、增强民族凝聚力、彰显社会正义,以及反腐倡廉方面都 取得了国家机关无法取得的成效。与此同时,也对被搜索者的权益造成了严重侵犯,更 对传统侦查权的行使提出了挑战,急需法律的出台予以调整和规范。第二是“私人侦探”, 它的产生和发展在西方国家早已不是新鲜事,并有了相对配套的体制和机制得以运行, 而在我国,私人侦探尚处在发展阶段。虽然公安部早就明令禁止私人侦探的存在,但是 它依然在我国蓬勃发展起来了。这表明私人侦探在我国有着广阔的市场前景和存在的现 实基础。第三是辅助警力,这个特殊团体在侦查权泛化中有着特殊的意义,它不像“人 肉搜索”引擎和“私人侦探”那样,是纯粹的民间组织和个人,而是由公安机关招聘, 受公安机关管辖的非在编人员,主要从事协助警察的工作。由于辅助警力地位的特殊性, 致使他们往往行使警察的侦查权,是侦查权泛化的又一方面。 第三部分从正反两个方面分析了侦查权泛化的积极意义和弊端。首先应当肯定侦查 权泛化是社会发展和进步的结果,它的产生和发展符合政府改革的需要,可以在国家机 关之外为公众提供更充分全面的安全服务,也是诉讼程序发展的必然规律。当然,对侦 查权泛化的弊端也不容忽视,它既违背了法定原则,又因缺乏有效管理给当事人的权益 造成侵害,还因法律规定的欠缺导致其证据效力的不足,客观上也阻碍了其正面作用的 发挥。从公众以及国家对侦查权泛化现象的态度,笔者认为,在肯定和保障国家侦查机 关享有侦查权的同时,可以适当“放权”给有条件的非国家机关和个人,以达到权力和 权利的制衡,既可以节约司法成本,又有利于发挥公民的积极性。当然这些都要建立在 法律的完善,机制的健全基础上。 第四部分就探讨了怎样构建侦查运行的法治,怎样合理配置侦查权的具体方法。就 侦查运行机制而言,首先要在诉讼程序中加强保护犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的合法权益,保 障其辩护权和沉默权的行使,其次要加强检察机关对侦查机关的监督,再次要实行司法 机关对侦查权的司法审查制度,最后要规范审前案件信息的公开和限制,让媒体和舆论 监督真正起到保障公民权益的作用。就非国家机关而言,可以引用西方国家关于第三部 门的理念,合理运用第三部门,使其与国家机关相互补充,相互协调,在最大程度上保 障公民权益的同时,避免因侦查权泛化导致的各种社会问题。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Criminal investigation power is an integral part of state power, in accordance with the law, criminal investigation can be achieved only by a specific State organs, namely, the public security organs, inspection bodies, national security agencies, the armed forces to defend the sector and the prison exercise. However, in China's social transition, the crime rate rising, the investigative team insufficient of funds, the rate of cracking criminal cases is very low, coupled with the network technology development, public's awareness of legal and awareness of freedom and democracy have been strengthened, thus, criminal investigation power was gradually develop to the private sphere. The problem that criminal investigation power has being generalized has touched the national laws and the changes of the national institution, should be normalized by relevant laws. This paper contains five chapters, approximately 40000 words. Chapter one is an interpretation about the basic issues of the generalization of criminal investigation power. First, the paper describes the basic concept of criminal investigation power. As the common law countries, pursue a dual detection mode, while the civil law countries pursue a single detection mode, making the concept of Two Schools on criminal investigation power to be different. In the dual detection mode, criminal investigation power and investigatory power may be interoperable; in the single detection mode, the criminal investigation power can be achieved only by the specialized state agencies. About the nature of the criminal investigation power, there always being two different views, executive power or judicial power. However, according to the concept of the criminal investigation power as well as the exertion in our country, the nature of the criminal investigation power belongs to the executive power, also belongs to the judicial power in a certain extent. The criminal investigation power can be abused and generalized easily, due to the particular nature and figure of itself. Second, the most important aspect of the generalization of the criminal investigation power is the generalization of the subject. According to the nature of the criminal investigation power, criminal investigation power has been given to the police department and prosecutorial organ by most governments, so as in China. In the process of the separation and reconfiguration of the criminal investigation power, the subject of the criminal investigation power was gradually develop to socialization and began to against the state criminal investigation power, then the generalization of the criminal investigation power has been formed. Chapter two describes some specific phenomenon of the generalization of the criminal investigation power that has broad social impact. First is human fresh search engine, the formation and development of it due to the development of the social structure and formation rather than the development of the technology and the strengthen of the awareness of freedom and democracy. The human fresh search engine achieved great effect than government department in aspects such as condemning the evil of the society, propagating the goodness, enhancing national cohesion, highlighting social justice, combating corruption and building a clean government. And the powerful search engine builds up upon the network by the interest mechanism of fictitious world and simulates the private detective mode in the early west world. As well the government must set up new laws to regulate this search engine, because of by searcher's right had been greatly destroyed by this search engine and it become a great challenge to the traditional criminal investigation power. Second is the private detective, it is well developed in west world, but in our country, it has been developing. The Ministry of Public Security had prohibited the private detective, but it still has been well developing. This shows that the private detective has realism basic and will have a big market in our country. The third is the assistant police force, this force plays a particular role in the generalization of the criminal investigation power, it is not a non-governmental organization or a private such as human fresh search engine and private detective, it is recruited and administrated by the police department, main job is to assist the police force, but it is not a formal force in the police system. As the particularity of this assistant police force, it usually exercises the criminal investigation power as police, so it is an aspect of the generalization of the criminal investigation power. Chapter three analyzes the significances and drawbacks of the generalization of the criminal investigation power through both the positive aspect and negative aspect. First of all, the generalization of the criminal investigation power should be affirmed as a result of social development, the formation and development of it accord with the reformation of the government, and it can afford the public more security services besides the government organs, it's also accord with the developing rule of litigation procedure. Of course, the drawbacks of the generalization of the criminal investigation power cannot be ignored; it not only violates the legal principles, but also violates the right of the person concerned due to the lack of administration, and the lack of the effectiveness of the evidence due to the lack of legal regulation, that will block its positive effect objectively. According to the public' s and government's attitude to the generalization of the criminal investigation power, I believe that the government can give the authority to the qualified non-government organization or private to keep balance between the power and right, but the condition to doing so is ensure the government organs have the criminal investigation power. Doing this will save the cost of justice and exert the citizen' s activity. Certainly these will be basis on the consummate of the law and the perfect of the mechanism. Chapter four discusses how to construct the nomocracy of using the criminal investigation power, and the particular method on how to configure the criminal investigation power rationally. On the mechanism of operating the investigation, first of all, the suspect's right will be protected in the litigation procedure, such as the right of defend and the right of silence must be guaranteed; second, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision on the investigating organ by the procurator organ; third, implementing judicial review on the investigation power by the judicial authorities; last, specifying the publicities and limitations of the pretrial case information, let the media and public opinion really serve to protect the civil rights. In terms of non-government organs, the concept of the third sector from the Western countries can be quoted, use of the third sector rationally, bring it with national agencies for complementary, coordinate with each other, avoiding various social problems due to the generalization of the criminal investigation power, while protecting the civil right on the maximum extent possible.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-01-22
回到顶部