政治法治化问题研究

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归属院系：

行政法学院（纪检监察学院）

作者：

周祖成

导师：

文正邦

导师单位：

人权研究院（人权学院）

学位：

博士

语种：

中文

关键词：

国家权力宪法政治;公民政治权利;利益博弈;政治法

摘要：

历经20世纪80年代至90年代的思想启蒙，中国的改革终于从权力政治轨道中确 立了“法治”的目标和方向，对中国的政治与法制建设而言，是划时代意义的大事。 然而，思想启蒙只是法治建设的第一步，还必须把法治的思想与理论应用于政治与社 会生活，从而一方面促进制度的改造和重建，另一方面实现国家政治与社会生活过程 的法律化，改变由权力控制政治和社会的局面，实现国家政治生活从权力主导向宪法 与法律主导的转变。 政治是人类社会化生活不可缺少的重要组成部分，对个人和社会发展都有极其重 要的影响和作用。但政治“具有某种外在于人的力量，从而潜藏着对人类命运或生活 方式加以主宰的危险倾向。”“政治及其权力由于具有自我扩张的必然倾向，从而常常 隐藏着突破对它所施加的制度性和机构性制约的危险性”。而现代法治可以说是发轫 于约束和规范政治的客观需要，实行法治的核心和关键就是约束和规制政治权力，即 制官、制权、制政。法治的实质、要义以及难点、重心就是要实现政治过程的法治化， 即把政治过程以及政治关系、政治行为等权力驰骋的领域都纳入法律监控的范围——· 这即是政治法治的基本功能。实现政治法治化乃是实行法治的核心和关键，没有政治 的法治化，就根本不可能推进整个社会的法治化进程。离开法律监控的的政治就很容 易导致专制和腐败。专制政治是长期受恣意权力掌控的政治，在这种情况下，权力通 过政治存在和发挥作用，二者形成天然的“同盟”而拒斥法律的监控作用，或要求法 律在权力的掌控下为实现权力的既定目的而发挥作用。因此，政治和权力就其实质而 言，并不内涵对法律的需求，实现政治法治化不是权力的自觉，法律对政治的主导必 须凭靠民主和法治的协同力量，这将是一个艰难的力量对比和利益博弈与平衡及制度 选择的过程。 如何实现政治法治化，这既是一个关系社会制度建构和行为调控的实践问题，同 时也是一个重大的理论问题，必须通过深邃的理性探索明晰其原则、步骤、条件和应 有的制度选择等。政治法治化有着自己特殊的目标路径。本文立足于社会政治观的阐 释与解析，运用比较分析等方法，探索了政治法治化的内在依据，分析了政治法治的 权利化形成机制与条件，论述了政治法治化过程所包含的两大层次的问题：一是用宪 1 法对政治的主导取代权力对政治的主导，即建构宪法政治(宪政)；二是根据宪法及其 原则和精神进一步实现整个政治运作过程的法律化，用系列法律来严密规范国家权力 和公民政治权利的行使和运行，以实现政治的制度化、规范化和程序化，并由此生成 政治法的部门法体系。在此基础上，进而分析探讨了中国政治法治化制度转换中的思 想与意识形态冲突，制度改革的逻辑起点和应当遵循的价值原则等，并在分析民主价 值取向弊端的基础上，提出了以制宪为起点的法治化路径。 为此，全文分五部分。第一部分主要论述政治的源起与实质，分析政治的社会利 益根基及其权力化变异问题，从中探索政治法治化的内在机理与根据。第二部分主要 探索政治法治的权利化形成机制及其实现的基本条件。回答诸如“宪法主导”何以可 能、需要什么样的社会条件配合才能实现等问题。第三部分和第四部分主要分析政治 法治化问题的两大方面，即宪法政治和政治过程的法律调控问题。重点分析人类政治 发展从权力主导到宪法主导转变的可能性及其路径；同时也阐明实现宪法主导固然是 政治法治化的基本前提和重要内容，但政治法治化决不只是实现宪法政治的问题，它 同时必然导致调节整个政治运作过程的政治法部门法的出现和发展。第五部分分析中 国政治法治化与现有意识形态和基本政治制度的冲突协调问题。重点突出中国政党制 度和人民代表大会制度在政治法治化过程中可能发生的问题和对策，为现实的制度变 革开辟道路。 本文认为，国家政治生活在思想认识上固然要以民主为基本价值，而在治国方略 和制度建设上则应以法治为导向。法治就内含民主，法治必然以民主政治为基础。民 主强调人民主权，是法治的思想政治基础和逻辑起点，法治以制衡权力为基本价值功 能，是民主的制度化实现，民主只有通过限权的法律制度，才会融入法治的轨道并得 到切实的保障。就中国社会现实而言，政治改革应该从科学制宪开始。没有良好的制 宪机制就不会有好的宪法，没有好的宪法就不可能实行宪政，无法达到制约和规范权 力的目的。政治运作的关键在制度，政治制度构建的关键在宪法，而制宪的关键在于 社会利益分化基础上的利益博弈机制的形成。这种路径选择与市场经济的政治诉求趋 于一致，但与现有政治体制在价值和制度构建方面存在冲突，与传统意识形态的冲突 更加明显。因此，中国的政治法治化面临许多棘手的问题，需要有开明的政治领导开 辟道路和把握方向。中共十七大已经敏锐地意识到了这一点，提出要大力弘扬法治精 神，实现国家各项工作法治化，推进社会主义民主政治制度化、规范化、程序化，特 2 别突出对立法行为、行政行为、司法行为的法律规范，内涵政治法治化的积极诉求， 将极大地推进国家权力和公民政治权利的宪法主导及其法律化运行，促成法治社会的 实现。

学科：

法学理论

提交日期：

2026-01-14

引用参考：

周祖成. 政治法治化问题研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2007.

全文附件授权许可：

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 政治法治化问题研究
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • B2004030201006
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 周祖成
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 行政法学院（纪检监察学院）
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 博士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学博士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2007
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 文正邦
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 人权研究院（人权学院）
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 国家权力宪法政治;公民政治权利;利益博弈;政治法
  • dc.subject
  • State Power; ; Citizen's Political Rights;;Constitutional Politics; Political Law.
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 历经20世纪80年代至90年代的思想启蒙，中国的改革终于从权力政治轨道中确 立了“法治”的目标和方向，对中国的政治与法制建设而言，是划时代意义的大事。 然而，思想启蒙只是法治建设的第一步，还必须把法治的思想与理论应用于政治与社 会生活，从而一方面促进制度的改造和重建，另一方面实现国家政治与社会生活过程 的法律化，改变由权力控制政治和社会的局面，实现国家政治生活从权力主导向宪法 与法律主导的转变。 政治是人类社会化生活不可缺少的重要组成部分，对个人和社会发展都有极其重 要的影响和作用。但政治“具有某种外在于人的力量，从而潜藏着对人类命运或生活 方式加以主宰的危险倾向。”“政治及其权力由于具有自我扩张的必然倾向，从而常常 隐藏着突破对它所施加的制度性和机构性制约的危险性”。而现代法治可以说是发轫 于约束和规范政治的客观需要，实行法治的核心和关键就是约束和规制政治权力，即 制官、制权、制政。法治的实质、要义以及难点、重心就是要实现政治过程的法治化， 即把政治过程以及政治关系、政治行为等权力驰骋的领域都纳入法律监控的范围——· 这即是政治法治的基本功能。实现政治法治化乃是实行法治的核心和关键，没有政治 的法治化，就根本不可能推进整个社会的法治化进程。离开法律监控的的政治就很容 易导致专制和腐败。专制政治是长期受恣意权力掌控的政治，在这种情况下，权力通 过政治存在和发挥作用，二者形成天然的“同盟”而拒斥法律的监控作用，或要求法 律在权力的掌控下为实现权力的既定目的而发挥作用。因此，政治和权力就其实质而 言，并不内涵对法律的需求，实现政治法治化不是权力的自觉，法律对政治的主导必 须凭靠民主和法治的协同力量，这将是一个艰难的力量对比和利益博弈与平衡及制度 选择的过程。 如何实现政治法治化，这既是一个关系社会制度建构和行为调控的实践问题，同 时也是一个重大的理论问题，必须通过深邃的理性探索明晰其原则、步骤、条件和应 有的制度选择等。政治法治化有着自己特殊的目标路径。本文立足于社会政治观的阐 释与解析，运用比较分析等方法，探索了政治法治化的内在依据，分析了政治法治的 权利化形成机制与条件，论述了政治法治化过程所包含的两大层次的问题：一是用宪 1 法对政治的主导取代权力对政治的主导，即建构宪法政治(宪政)；二是根据宪法及其 原则和精神进一步实现整个政治运作过程的法律化，用系列法律来严密规范国家权力 和公民政治权利的行使和运行，以实现政治的制度化、规范化和程序化，并由此生成 政治法的部门法体系。在此基础上，进而分析探讨了中国政治法治化制度转换中的思 想与意识形态冲突，制度改革的逻辑起点和应当遵循的价值原则等，并在分析民主价 值取向弊端的基础上，提出了以制宪为起点的法治化路径。 为此，全文分五部分。第一部分主要论述政治的源起与实质，分析政治的社会利 益根基及其权力化变异问题，从中探索政治法治化的内在机理与根据。第二部分主要 探索政治法治的权利化形成机制及其实现的基本条件。回答诸如“宪法主导”何以可 能、需要什么样的社会条件配合才能实现等问题。第三部分和第四部分主要分析政治 法治化问题的两大方面，即宪法政治和政治过程的法律调控问题。重点分析人类政治 发展从权力主导到宪法主导转变的可能性及其路径；同时也阐明实现宪法主导固然是 政治法治化的基本前提和重要内容，但政治法治化决不只是实现宪法政治的问题，它 同时必然导致调节整个政治运作过程的政治法部门法的出现和发展。第五部分分析中 国政治法治化与现有意识形态和基本政治制度的冲突协调问题。重点突出中国政党制 度和人民代表大会制度在政治法治化过程中可能发生的问题和对策，为现实的制度变 革开辟道路。 本文认为，国家政治生活在思想认识上固然要以民主为基本价值，而在治国方略 和制度建设上则应以法治为导向。法治就内含民主，法治必然以民主政治为基础。民 主强调人民主权，是法治的思想政治基础和逻辑起点，法治以制衡权力为基本价值功 能，是民主的制度化实现，民主只有通过限权的法律制度，才会融入法治的轨道并得 到切实的保障。就中国社会现实而言，政治改革应该从科学制宪开始。没有良好的制 宪机制就不会有好的宪法，没有好的宪法就不可能实行宪政，无法达到制约和规范权 力的目的。政治运作的关键在制度，政治制度构建的关键在宪法，而制宪的关键在于 社会利益分化基础上的利益博弈机制的形成。这种路径选择与市场经济的政治诉求趋 于一致，但与现有政治体制在价值和制度构建方面存在冲突，与传统意识形态的冲突 更加明显。因此，中国的政治法治化面临许多棘手的问题，需要有开明的政治领导开 辟道路和把握方向。中共十七大已经敏锐地意识到了这一点，提出要大力弘扬法治精 神，实现国家各项工作法治化，推进社会主义民主政治制度化、规范化、程序化，特 2 别突出对立法行为、行政行为、司法行为的法律规范，内涵政治法治化的积极诉求， 将极大地推进国家权力和公民政治权利的宪法主导及其法律化运行，促成法治社会的 实现。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • It is an epoch-making event for China's political and legal construction that China's reform has shifted its track from power politics towards the goal and direction of rule of law thanks to the ideological enlightenment of the 1980s and the 90s. The enlightenment, however, is no more than the first step taken towards rule of law the establishment of which is much dependent upon the application of principles of rule of law to the political and social life. On the one hand, such application may boost regime improvement and reconstruction; on the other hand, it may change the situation of power politics domination and may help realize the transformation from power domination into constitution and law supremacy in state political life. Politics, as crucially indispensable part of humankind society life, exerts significant influence and function on the individual and social development. Nevertheless, politics bears potentials external to human beings and as such possesses latent threat to control the people's fate and their way of life. "Since politics and power hide within themselves an inevitable inclination of self-aggrandizement, they carry with themselves a latent threat to defy the regulatory and institutional limitation imposed on them." Modern rule of law may be said to have originated from the practical need to confine and regulate politics. The core and key to the implementation of rule of law is to check and balance political powers, ie, to restrict the governor, the power and the regime. The essence and substance, or the difficult point and focus, of rule of law is legitimization of politics process, in other words, to put into legal frame all political process, political relation, political action and any other area in which power may gallop. This is the fundamental function of the politics governed by law. Therefore, pushing forward political legitimization process is critical and crucial to the realization of rule of law. It may be safe to say that the process towards rule of law in the whole society could not be carried out without political legitimization process. The politics without surveillance of law tends to lead to autocratic politics and corrupt government. Autocratic politics is the politics longtime controlled by arbitrary powers, under the circumstances of which the politics' inborn coalition with power will exclude law from the role of supervision, or force law into being subjected to the power and serving purported purposes. From the point of view of political and legal essence, politics and power do not internally need the law. Consequently, the implementation of process towards rule of law is not a result of the awareness from the power. The domination over the power by the law can only be achieved by concerted effort from democracy and rule of law, and it is expected to be a complicated process charged with power clash, interests game and system choice. The issue of how to carry out political legitimization process is not only a practical issue in relation to social institutional reconstruction and behavior control, but also a theoretical question of significance that requires profound rational deliberation in order to sort out the principles, steps, conditions and appropriate regime choice. Political legitimization process has a special destination path of its own. Based on the interpretation and explanation of social political philosophy, by appealing to a methodology of comparative analysis, the dissertation explores the intrinsic basis of political legitimization, analyses the mechanism and conditions for politics governed by law., and discusses the following two main tiers contained in the process of political legitimization. The first tier is to substitute power domination in politics with constitution supremacy over politics, ie. to construct constitutional politics(constitutional government); the other tier is to go further to make the whole political process legalized pursuant to the constitutional principles and spirit in that there are a series of laws to tightly regulate the exercise and operation of state power and citizen's political rights so as to fulfill an institutionalized, standardized and procedural politics, and as a logical result, to bring into being such a department law system as political law. The dissertation further analyzes ideological clashes, logical starting point for system reform and principles to follow during the institutional transformation of political legitimization in China, and based on the analysis of defects of democratic value orientation, the dissertation puts forward a legitimization path starting with constitution making. Consequently, the whole dissertation is divided into five parts. The first part mainly discusses the essence and origin of politics, analyzes roots of political social interests and the variation of power, and explores inter alia the internal mechanism and basis for political 2 legitimization. The second part focuses upon research on the mechanism of the making of rights of political rule of law and its cardinal condition to fulfill the making, and provides an answer to such questions as how possible and by what kind social conditions to coordinate the supremacy of law can be obtained. The third and fourth parts present an analysis of the two aspects of political legitimization, ie., constitutional politics and legal regulation over politics process, with emphasis on discussion of possibility of and path for the transformation from power domination to constitution supremacy in humankind political life, along with exposition of the idea that although constitution supremacy indeed amount to basic premise and crucial content for political process towards rule of law, political legitimization is never only confined to meeting the demands of constitutional politics, but also believed to procure the birth of development of political law that regulates the whole political operation. In the fifth part, the author analyzes coordination of conflicts between political legitimization in China and existing ideology and fundamental polity by focus on analysis of the possible issues and the way out during the political legitimization process of the regime of Chinese political parties and the People's Congress. It is believed by the author that the analytical discuss of above said issues and the way out will pave a way to practical institutional change. The dissertation asserts that state political life, though certainly taking democracy to be basic values in the ideological recognition, should be directed by rule of law in the government strategy formation Rule of law carries within itself democracy and it must rely on democratic politics. Democracy emphasizes the people's sovereignty. It is the basis and logical starting point for thoughts of rule of law. Rule of law takes the check and balance of power to be principal value and function. It is embodied with institutionalized realization. Democracy cannot be on the right track of rule of law and cannot be sustained until legal system restricts the power. As far as social reality in China is concerned, political reform should begin with the making of a scientific constitution. The making of good constitution calls for a well operating system of legislating a constitution, and constitutional government will not be achieved and power cannot be properly checked without a good constitution. The key to political operation is on system and the key to construction of political systems is 3 upon constitution while the key to constitution legislation is upon the establishment of interests game mechanism based on diversification of social interests. While this kind of path choice tends to be uniform with the political claims of market economy, there is clash in values and reconstruction with the existing polity in China, especially more obvious clash that occurred in the area of conventional ideology. Therefore, political legitimization in China is confronted with many complicated and difficult issues, which calls on moderate political leaders to open up a new road and steer the wheel of direction. The 17thCommunist Party Congress has acutely been in knowledge of this situation and proposed enhancement of rule of law spirit with more effort, and realization of putting all activities of the government within legal frame so as to push forward the institutionalization, standardization and proceduralization of socialist democratic politics. The report of the Party Congress emphasizes in particular the regulation of legislature activities, administrative behavior and judicial operation. The emphasis intrinsically includes the positive claim for political legitimization and this will greatly boost the constitution domination over and legalized exercise of, the state power and citizen's political rights, and consequently lead to the realization of a rule of law society.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-01-14
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