我国地方财政支出规模影响因素的实证研究

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作者:

程欣

导师:

白胜

导师单位:

商学院(监察审计学院)

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

地方财政支出;地区经济发展水平;地方财政收入;财政分权;人口数量

摘要:

财政支出是以国家为主体,以财政的事权为依据,所进行的一种财政资金支付活动,集中反映了国家的政治职能、经济职能和社会管理职能的活动范围及其所造成的耗费。由定义出发,作为国家财政活动的重要组成部分,财政支出直接构成和影响着社会总需求,直接决定着财政配置资源、调节收入分配和稳定经济三大功能的发挥。 从经济角度而言,公共部门从事的任何经济活动,作出的任何影响资源配置的公共政策以及对经济活动管理办法的实施,都必须付出一定的成本。从财政角度来说,财政支出正是政府活动的成本体现。从资源配置角度来说,政府提供的公用品的数量决定了财政支出的规模,从而实现社会的资源配置。所以,依据公用品的最优数量确定财政支出的规模,是进一步深入研究公共部门与社会最优资源配置的必要条件。然而,财政支出规模的影响因素在现实中却复杂许多。公用品的最优数量不仅依赖于众多的经济因素,而且还取决于财政收入的多寡、公民的偏好,并与财政政策相关。因此,研究政府财政支出规模的影响因素,是研究政府财政支出规模的首要问题。 文章运用公共经济学、财政学、计量经济学、管理学的理论知识和分析方法,选定我国30个省份自1998年——2007年地方政府财政支出规模历史变动情况和影响因素进行具体分析、多方比较,对财政支出规模影响因素的相关进行证实和证伪,形成各个因素影响财政规模的认识。文章包括六个部分,其顺序安排如下:第一部分,对当前国内外学者关于财政规模影响因素的研究文献进行分析总结,从总体上了解目前的研究现状;第二部分,通过回顾国内外关于财政支出规模的经典理论,从前人对地方政府财政支出规模的研究中总结其影响因素的规律,经过分析和整理,选取适合的变量作为财政规模影响因素进行后面的实证分析;第三部分,说明实证方法的选用和数据来源,文章采用面板数据计量分析方法,增强实证分析的可靠性和有效性;第四部分,构建地方财政支出影响因素的模型,选取被解释变量与解释变量的衡量指标并说明选择各个衡量指标的理由;第五部分,以自1998年到2007年我国30个省份的地方政府财政支出为被解释变量,综合分析地方经济发展水平、地方财政收入、财政分权以及人口数量四个解释变量对地方财政支出的影响,对检验结果进行分析讨论后,得出证实和证伪上述四个1因素与地方财政支出规模之间关系的结论;第六部分,根据地方财政支出规模影响因素的研究结论,提出可行性建议,并指出本文的创新点、存在的不足以及今后进一步研究的方向。 通过对各个影响因素的实证研究,文章得出以下分析结论:(1)地区经济发展水平与地方政府财政支出呈负相关关系。当一个地区的经济增长速度过快时,其财政支出规模的增长速度会减慢。(2)地方财政收入与地方财政支出呈正相关关系,但是地方财政支出规模的增长速度快于地方财政收入的增长,其缺口导致出现财政赤字。(3)财政分权越明显的地方,其财政负担越重,地方政府财政支出不断膨胀。(4)一个地区的人口数量与地方政府财政支出之间存在协整关系,但两者的相关系数仅为0.03,说明地方财政支出不是随着人口膨胀而增长,政府对于人口膨胀带来的社会成本承担不明显。 针对上述地方财政支出规模影响因素进行实证研究的结论,提出以下建议:(1)规范政府职能,推动经济增长。从提高财政支出的使用效益出发,合理界定公共财政支出范围,让有限的政府投入提供数量最大化和质量最优化的公共产品和公共服务。(2)加强财政监督,控制预算执行。在财政支出的具体落实过程中,各部门合理控制财政预算总额,及时接收关于项目开展的预期有效性和实际有效性的相关信息,并随着计划在实施过程中的变化,作出科学合理的相应调整,以优化财政资金的运作效率和使用效益,抑制各政府部门经费的不断膨胀。(3)完善财政分权,实现公共财政。理顺我国政府间财政关系,按“以公共需要为本”的公共财政观,以“财政负担与财政能力大致匹配”为目标,合理安排政府间纵向支出结构,从根本上解决政府间公共事务治理责任及相应的支出负担失衡的问题,重建政府间财政转移支付制度。 文章的创新点主要有:(1)在研究的思路上力争有一定的创新,在梳理前人研究成果的基础上,同时将影响地方财政支出的四个因素纳入一个数理模型中进行定量分析,关注各个影响因素对地方财政支出的综合作用,根据实证分析的结论对现有的关于财政支出规模的相关观点进行证实和证伪。(2)在实证研究的统计数据方面,采用面板数据计量分析方法,在大大增加统计样本的基础上,同时反映被解释变量地方财政支出在时间和截面单元两个方向上的变化规律及不同时间、不同单元的特性,降低解释变量间存在的共线性问题,增强实证分析的可靠性和有效性。

学科:

行政管理学

提交日期

2026-01-09

引用参考

程欣. 我国地方财政支出规模影响因素的实证研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2009.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 我国地方财政支出规模影响因素的实证研究
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20061204010728
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 程欣
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 政治与公共管理学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 管理学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2009
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 白胜
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 商学院(监察审计学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 地方财政支出;地区经济发展水平;地方财政收入;财政分权;人口数量
  • dc.subject
  • Local Fiscal Expenditure;Local Economic Development Level;Local Fiscal Revenues;Population
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 财政支出是以国家为主体,以财政的事权为依据,所进行的一种财政资金支付活动,集中反映了国家的政治职能、经济职能和社会管理职能的活动范围及其所造成的耗费。由定义出发,作为国家财政活动的重要组成部分,财政支出直接构成和影响着社会总需求,直接决定着财政配置资源、调节收入分配和稳定经济三大功能的发挥。 从经济角度而言,公共部门从事的任何经济活动,作出的任何影响资源配置的公共政策以及对经济活动管理办法的实施,都必须付出一定的成本。从财政角度来说,财政支出正是政府活动的成本体现。从资源配置角度来说,政府提供的公用品的数量决定了财政支出的规模,从而实现社会的资源配置。所以,依据公用品的最优数量确定财政支出的规模,是进一步深入研究公共部门与社会最优资源配置的必要条件。然而,财政支出规模的影响因素在现实中却复杂许多。公用品的最优数量不仅依赖于众多的经济因素,而且还取决于财政收入的多寡、公民的偏好,并与财政政策相关。因此,研究政府财政支出规模的影响因素,是研究政府财政支出规模的首要问题。 文章运用公共经济学、财政学、计量经济学、管理学的理论知识和分析方法,选定我国30个省份自1998年——2007年地方政府财政支出规模历史变动情况和影响因素进行具体分析、多方比较,对财政支出规模影响因素的相关进行证实和证伪,形成各个因素影响财政规模的认识。文章包括六个部分,其顺序安排如下:第一部分,对当前国内外学者关于财政规模影响因素的研究文献进行分析总结,从总体上了解目前的研究现状;第二部分,通过回顾国内外关于财政支出规模的经典理论,从前人对地方政府财政支出规模的研究中总结其影响因素的规律,经过分析和整理,选取适合的变量作为财政规模影响因素进行后面的实证分析;第三部分,说明实证方法的选用和数据来源,文章采用面板数据计量分析方法,增强实证分析的可靠性和有效性;第四部分,构建地方财政支出影响因素的模型,选取被解释变量与解释变量的衡量指标并说明选择各个衡量指标的理由;第五部分,以自1998年到2007年我国30个省份的地方政府财政支出为被解释变量,综合分析地方经济发展水平、地方财政收入、财政分权以及人口数量四个解释变量对地方财政支出的影响,对检验结果进行分析讨论后,得出证实和证伪上述四个1因素与地方财政支出规模之间关系的结论;第六部分,根据地方财政支出规模影响因素的研究结论,提出可行性建议,并指出本文的创新点、存在的不足以及今后进一步研究的方向。 通过对各个影响因素的实证研究,文章得出以下分析结论:(1)地区经济发展水平与地方政府财政支出呈负相关关系。当一个地区的经济增长速度过快时,其财政支出规模的增长速度会减慢。(2)地方财政收入与地方财政支出呈正相关关系,但是地方财政支出规模的增长速度快于地方财政收入的增长,其缺口导致出现财政赤字。(3)财政分权越明显的地方,其财政负担越重,地方政府财政支出不断膨胀。(4)一个地区的人口数量与地方政府财政支出之间存在协整关系,但两者的相关系数仅为0.03,说明地方财政支出不是随着人口膨胀而增长,政府对于人口膨胀带来的社会成本承担不明显。 针对上述地方财政支出规模影响因素进行实证研究的结论,提出以下建议:(1)规范政府职能,推动经济增长。从提高财政支出的使用效益出发,合理界定公共财政支出范围,让有限的政府投入提供数量最大化和质量最优化的公共产品和公共服务。(2)加强财政监督,控制预算执行。在财政支出的具体落实过程中,各部门合理控制财政预算总额,及时接收关于项目开展的预期有效性和实际有效性的相关信息,并随着计划在实施过程中的变化,作出科学合理的相应调整,以优化财政资金的运作效率和使用效益,抑制各政府部门经费的不断膨胀。(3)完善财政分权,实现公共财政。理顺我国政府间财政关系,按“以公共需要为本”的公共财政观,以“财政负担与财政能力大致匹配”为目标,合理安排政府间纵向支出结构,从根本上解决政府间公共事务治理责任及相应的支出负担失衡的问题,重建政府间财政转移支付制度。 文章的创新点主要有:(1)在研究的思路上力争有一定的创新,在梳理前人研究成果的基础上,同时将影响地方财政支出的四个因素纳入一个数理模型中进行定量分析,关注各个影响因素对地方财政支出的综合作用,根据实证分析的结论对现有的关于财政支出规模的相关观点进行证实和证伪。(2)在实证研究的统计数据方面,采用面板数据计量分析方法,在大大增加统计样本的基础上,同时反映被解释变量地方财政支出在时间和截面单元两个方向上的变化规律及不同时间、不同单元的特性,降低解释变量间存在的共线性问题,增强实证分析的可靠性和有效性。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Financial expenditure is a financial distribution activity on the basic of financial affairs in the names of nation. It reflects the scope of the country's political function, economic function and social management function, as well as the cost of activity. According to the definition of financial expenditure, financial expenditures directly affect the aggregate demand and determine the three major functions of financial allocation of resources, adjustingincome distribution and stabilizing the economy, as an important component of the country's financial activity. From the economic perspective, there is cost while any economic activities are engaged by public sector, while any public policy which affect resource allocation is carried out, while any management of economic activities are carried out. From the financial perspective, financial expenditure can reflect the cost of government activities. From the perspective of resource allocation, the quantity of public goods which is provided by the government determines the scale of financial expenditure. As a result, the size of fiscal expenditure, which determined by the optimal quantity of public goods, is the necessary condition to study further about optimal resource allocation of the public sector and society. However, the influence factors of financial expenditure scale are much more complicated in reality. The optimal quantity of public goods not only depends on a large number of economic factors, but also depends on the amount of fiscal revenue, the preferences of citizens, the choice of fiscal policy, and so on. Thence, making a research of influencing factors about government financial expenditure scale, is the primary problem of researching on government financial expenditure scale. The article analysis fiscal expenditure scale changes and influence factors of localgovernment by selecting about 30 provinces from 1998 to 2007, after applied the theoretical knowledge and analysis methods about Public Economics, Finance, Econometrics andManagement. The article confirm or disproof the opinion about the influence factors of fiscal expenditure scale, by specific analysis and multi-comparison, in order to learn that how various factors affect the fiscal funds scale. The article includes six parts, sequenced as follow: in the first part, the thesis find the overall status, after analyzing the research on influence 1factors of fiscal expenditure scale which domestic and foreign scholars studied; in the second part, it summed up the regular pattern of local fiscal expenditure by reviewing the classical theory about it, then select the suitable variables as the influence factors in the empirical analysis behind; the third part of the thesis is to explain the empirical methods and the sources of data. It can enhance the reliability and effectiveness of analysis after using econometric analysis of panel data methods; in the forth part is to build the model of econometric analysis and explain the meaning and reasons of choice about the interpreted variables and explanatory variables; in the fifth part, the thesis investigate the impact of the local fiscal expenditure, by taking economic development level, local fiscal revenues, fiscal decentralization andpopulation as the four variables, then confirm or disproof the opinion about the influence factors of fiscal expenditure scale after analyzing test results; in the sixth part, the paper put forward the feasible recommendations, and point out the inadequacy existing on the sample selection and empirical methods, innovative research ideas, as well as further research in the future. The thesis makes the following conclusions after empirical research on various factors: (1) The level of regional economic development and local government fiscal expenditure isnegative correlation. The growth rate of fiscal expenditure scale would slow down while the regional economic develop fast. (2) Local fiscal revenue and fiscal expenditure places apositive correlation, but the scale of fiscal expenditure grows faster than the growth of local fiscal revenue, which causes the fiscal deficit. (3) The fiscal decentralization places moreobviously, the financial burden is more serious, while the local fiscal expenditure scale is expanding continently. (4) There is a cointegration relationship between the regional population and local fiscal expenditure. But the correlation coefficient is only 0.03, which not describe that the fiscal expenditure grow with the population expansion. The social cost because of population expansion bare by the government is not obvious. The thesis put forward the following proposals after empirical analysis:(1) Normative functions of the government and promote economic growth. For limited government provide public goods and public services in maximal quantity and quality, define the scope of public fiscal expenditure reasonable by improve efficiency in the use of fiscal expenditure. (2) Strengthen financial supervision and control the implementation of budget. Control the total budget reasonably at the process of concrete implementation on fiscal expenditure. All departments supervise the actual and expected effectiveness about the project, on the base of 2assessment about the effectiveness of the plan and implementation of policies. At the same time, the department should make scientific and reasonable adjustments with the change of implementation about the plan, in order to optimize the efficiency and the effectiveness of the financial funds, and inhibit the continued expansion of government department funds. (3) Improve the fiscal decentralization and achieve the goal of public finance. Rationalizing the fiscal relations of Chinese inter-government according to public finance, which is on the base of public needs. The structure arrangement of government expenditure is focus on the symmetry between financial burden and financial capacity. It will help to solve the deep-seated problem such as imbalance about public affairs and corresponding expenditureduty of inter-governmental governance, and reconstruct the system of inter-governmental fiscal transfer payment. There is the main innovation in the thesis as follow:(1) It has innovation in the research by summary of previous study. And it take four factors into a mathematical model in quantitative analysis at the same time, which affect the local fiscal expenditure, to concern about the general impact of all influence factors. The article confirms or disproof the opinion about the influence factors of fiscal expenditure scale by empirical analysis.(2) The thesis use econometric analysis of panel data methods to deal with the statistical data. It can reflect the change pattern on both time and cross-section direction at the same time as well as the characteristics of different times and different modules by increasing the statistical sample. The method can help to reduce the collinearity problem existed in the explanatory variables, and then enhance the reliability and effectiveness of analysis.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-01-09
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