Z区职业病防治监管困境及其优化路径研究

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作者:

李秀波

导师:

郭春甫

导师单位:

政治与公共管理学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

职业病防治;政府监管;优化路径

摘要:

职业病是由于劳动者缺乏有效的职业防护措施,长时间处于有粉尘、噪声或 其他有毒有害物质的致病环境中而染上的疾病,无法自愈,给劳动者身体健康和 生活质量带来严重危害及影响,给劳动者家庭和国家经济带来了沉重的负担,影 响社会稳定和谐,阻碍经济可持续发展。随着“开胸验肺”、“毒苹果”、“东 莞一工厂数十名员工中毒”等职业病相关报道接连不断,更是引发社会各界的广 泛关注。职业病防治不仅存在难以产生直接经济效益、需长期持续投入等特点; 还存在企业方面片面追求经济效益、忽视社会效益,职业伦理缺失、缺乏人文关 怀等因素,为提高社会的职业病防治整体水平,我国于 20 世纪 50 年代开始将职 业病防治工作纳入政府监管,目的是通过实施严格、规范的政府监管举措,提升 劳动者职业防护水平,保障其身体健康。经过几十年的监管,职业病爆发趋势总 体上得到了控制,但职业病发病数量仍居高不下,区县级基层政府更是因辖区内 小微企业居多、监管能力不足等因素,在职业病防治监管过程中遭遇困境,防治 形势不容乐观。 本文以 Z 区职业病防治监管概况为研究对象,通过搜集 Z 区近 10 年的职业 病发病数量、访谈辖区内职业病防治监管相关责任人等,了解掌握 Z 区职业病防 治监管的举措等概况,剖析发现 Z 区在实际监管过程中存在监管目标认同存在差 异、监管基础数据不全、监管任务重效率低、宣传培训效果不佳等困境;并对困 境产生的原因进行深入分析,发现存在监管单位主体职能划分不清晰,部门间缺 乏良好沟通渠道,监管能力丞需提升,考核机制不够完善等原因。 最后本文结合政府监管理论,从基层政府监管机制、监管方式等角度提出完 善职业病防治长效监管考核机制,创新职业病防治监管模式,多举措规范落实用 人单位的主体责任,加强职业病救治保障能力建设等优化目前职业病防治监管的 建议对策,确保基层职业病防治监管效能落到实处,提升劳动者就业环境,降低 职业病的发病率,保障劳动人民身体健康。

学科:

行政管理学

提交日期

2025-12-31

引用参考

李秀波. Z区职业病防治监管困境及其优化路径研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2023.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • Z区职业病防治监管困境及其优化路径研究
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20201252002173
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 李秀波
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 政治与公共管理学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 公共管理硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2023
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 郭春甫
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 政治与公共管理学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 职业病防治;政府监管;优化路径
  • dc.subject
  • Occupational Disease Prevention and control;government supervision;optimal path
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 职业病是由于劳动者缺乏有效的职业防护措施,长时间处于有粉尘、噪声或 其他有毒有害物质的致病环境中而染上的疾病,无法自愈,给劳动者身体健康和 生活质量带来严重危害及影响,给劳动者家庭和国家经济带来了沉重的负担,影 响社会稳定和谐,阻碍经济可持续发展。随着“开胸验肺”、“毒苹果”、“东 莞一工厂数十名员工中毒”等职业病相关报道接连不断,更是引发社会各界的广 泛关注。职业病防治不仅存在难以产生直接经济效益、需长期持续投入等特点; 还存在企业方面片面追求经济效益、忽视社会效益,职业伦理缺失、缺乏人文关 怀等因素,为提高社会的职业病防治整体水平,我国于 20 世纪 50 年代开始将职 业病防治工作纳入政府监管,目的是通过实施严格、规范的政府监管举措,提升 劳动者职业防护水平,保障其身体健康。经过几十年的监管,职业病爆发趋势总 体上得到了控制,但职业病发病数量仍居高不下,区县级基层政府更是因辖区内 小微企业居多、监管能力不足等因素,在职业病防治监管过程中遭遇困境,防治 形势不容乐观。 本文以 Z 区职业病防治监管概况为研究对象,通过搜集 Z 区近 10 年的职业 病发病数量、访谈辖区内职业病防治监管相关责任人等,了解掌握 Z 区职业病防 治监管的举措等概况,剖析发现 Z 区在实际监管过程中存在监管目标认同存在差 异、监管基础数据不全、监管任务重效率低、宣传培训效果不佳等困境;并对困 境产生的原因进行深入分析,发现存在监管单位主体职能划分不清晰,部门间缺 乏良好沟通渠道,监管能力丞需提升,考核机制不够完善等原因。 最后本文结合政府监管理论,从基层政府监管机制、监管方式等角度提出完 善职业病防治长效监管考核机制,创新职业病防治监管模式,多举措规范落实用 人单位的主体责任,加强职业病救治保障能力建设等优化目前职业病防治监管的 建议对策,确保基层职业病防治监管效能落到实处,提升劳动者就业环境,降低 职业病的发病率,保障劳动人民身体健康。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Occupational disease is a disease that cannot be cured due to workers' lack of effective occupational protection measures and long-term exposure to dust, noise or other toxic and harmful substances, which brings serious harm and impact to workers' health and quality of life, brings heavy burden to workers' families and national economy, affects social stability and harmony, and hinders sustainable economic development. With the "open-chest lung test", "poisoned apple", "dozens of employees poisoned in a factory in Dongguan" and other reports related to occupational diseases, it has also aroused widespread concern from all walks of life. Not only is it difficult to generate direct economic benefits and requires long-term sustained investment, but there is also the phenomenon of enterprises unilaterally pursuing economic benefits at the expense of social benefits. In order to improve the overall level of occupational disease prevention and control in society as a whole, China began to incorporate occupational disease prevention and control into government supervision in the 1950s. The aim is to improve the level of occupational protection and protect the health of workers through strict and standardized government regulation. This paper takes the general situation of occupational disease prevention and control in Z district as the research object, through collecting the number of occupational disease in Z district in recent 10 years, interviewing the responsible persons of occupational disease prevention and control, to understand the measures and characteristics of occupational disease control and supervision in District Z, it is found that there are some difficulties in Z-zone, such as the difference of regulatory objective identity, incomplete basic data, low efficiency and poor publicity and training And the reasons for the predicament are analyzed in depth. It is found that there are some reasons such as unclear division of the main functions of the supervisory units, lack of good communication channels between departments, need to improve the supervisory capacity, and lack of perfect assessment mechanism. Finally, combining with the theory of government supervision, this paper proposes to perfect the long-term supervision and evaluation mechanism of occupational disease prevention and control and to innovate the supervision model of occupational disease prevention and control from the angle of supervision mechanism and implementation of grass-roots government, many measures should be taken to standardize the main responsibility of the employers, strengthen the construction of the ability of occupational disease treatment and guarantee, etc.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2025-12-31
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