毒品犯罪适用法律若干问题研究

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作者:

王飞

导师:

李永升

导师单位:

法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

毒品;毒品犯罪;法律适用

摘要:

本文从司法实践的角度,对我国当前毒品犯罪案件的一些法律适用疑 难问题进行了探讨,分析了我国刑法第六章第七节关于毒品犯罪的部分法 条存在的缺陷,在此基础上,提出了修改和完善我国毒品犯罪刑事立法的 建议。 文章为四个部分: 第一部分,毒品及毒品犯罪概述。简要介绍了毒品的概念、特征、种 类以及毒品犯罪的概念和分类。笔者认为,毒品是指国家管制的能够使人 形成瘾癖的麻醉药品和精神药品;毒品具有成瘾性、毒害性和被管制性三 个特征;毒品犯罪是指违反毒品管制法规,破坏毒品管制秩序,依法应受 刑罚处罚的行为;毒品犯罪可分为生产类、流通类、促进消费类、持有类 及妨害查禁毒品犯罪类等5 类犯罪。 第二部分,我国毒品犯罪的刑事立法。简要介绍了我国毒品犯罪刑事 立法的历史和现状。 第三部分,毒品犯罪的法律适用。这是全文的重点,主要介绍了我国 目前司法实践中常见的毒品犯罪法律适用难点问题和我国毒品犯罪刑事立 法上存在的不足,以及笔者对这些问题的看法。笔者提出,(1)我国刑法 关于“走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪,无论数量多少,都应追究刑事责 任,予以刑事处罚”的规定与刑法的谦抑性价值不符,也与刑法总则相矛 盾,实践中也难以达到严厉打击毒品犯罪的目的,因此,走私、贩卖、运 输、制造毒品罪应规定一个合理的追究刑事责任的数量起点标准,走私、 贩卖、运输、制造少量毒品行为应该非犯罪化。(2)毒品含量决定和反映 毒品犯罪社会危害性的大小,鉴于司法实践中,毒品掺假问题比较常见, 混合毒品成分复杂,毒品含量鉴定不仅是对毒品犯罪分子适用刑罚的重要 依据,也是认定混合毒品所属种类的重要依据。因此,对于查获的毒品, 都应当做含量鉴定。(3)贩卖毒品行为包括“贩”和“卖”两种具体行为, 认定贩卖毒品罪既遂与未遂时,应将贩方和卖方分别对待。贩方以出卖为 目的已经购得毒品的,是既遂;卖方已经卖出毒品的,是既遂,卖方在交 易毒品时被抓获的,应根据毒品来源认定是否为既遂。(4)非法持有毒品 罪的持有毒品行为具有以下特征:持有毒品是指行为人对毒品事实上的控 制和支配;持有的外在表现为占有、携带、存放、隐藏等方法控制和支配 毒品,但不要求物理上的握有;持有毒品不以行为人是毒品的所有者或占 有者为成立要件;持有是一种事实状态,必须在一定时间内不间断地持续 存在;持有可以是个人单独持有,也可以是多人共同持有。司法实践中, 对于持有假毒品行为的定性,应根据行为人的主观方面的内容和客观行为 具体处理;根据现行法律规定,吸毒者携带数量较大的毒品在交通工具上 被抓获,没有证据证明其实施了走私、贩卖、运输、制造及窝藏、转移毒 品犯罪的,应以非法持有毒品罪论处,但这种处理方式不尽合理;基于持 有毒品行为的不可间断性特征和非法持有毒品罪的立法目的,不应将吸毒 者多次吸食的毒品数量累计计算后,以非法持有毒品罪追究其刑事责任。 (5)居间介绍买卖毒品分为介绍出售毒品、介绍购买毒品和介绍买卖毒品 三种情形。对于居间介绍买卖毒品的行为人,不能一律以贩卖毒品罪的共 犯处理,应根据具体情况处理:居间人明知他人贩卖毒品而为其介绍买主 的,或者明知他人以贩卖为目的购买毒品而为其介绍毒品卖主的,或者在 毒品买卖双方之间斡旋、撮合,促成毒品交易的,均应以贩卖毒品罪的共 犯论处;居间人明知他人出于吸食目的购买毒品而为其介绍毒品卖主,帮 助购买毒品的,不能以贩卖毒品罪的共犯论处,但如果购买的毒品数量较 大的,应以非法持有毒品罪论处。(6)行为人因走私、贩卖、运输、制造、 非法持有毒品罪被判刑后,在刑罚执行完毕或赦免以后五年内又实施毒品 犯罪的,应该认定为累犯;在刑罚执行期间又实施毒品犯罪的,应依照刑 法第七十一条的规定处理,不应认定为毒品再犯。 第四部分,完善我国毒品犯罪刑事立法的建议。在第三部分的基础上, 提出我国毒品刑事立法的修改和完善建议。具体包括,删除刑法第三百四 十七条第一款;在刑法第三百五十七条第二款中规定毒品含量应作为量刑 时的酌情考虑的因素;明确将刑法第三百五十六条规定为毒品犯罪的特殊 累犯,并纳入刑法总则之中;在刑法第三百四十八条中规定以非法持有毒 品罪论处的最高毒品数量,超出最高限量的,以贩卖毒品罪论处。

学科:

刑法学

提交日期

2025-12-04

引用参考

王飞. 毒品犯罪适用法律若干问题研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2007.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 毒品犯罪适用法律若干问题研究
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 2004030104088
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 王飞
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 法律硕士学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2007
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 李永升
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 毒品;毒品犯罪;法律适用
  • dc.subject
  • Narcotics;The drug-related crime;The application of law
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 本文从司法实践的角度,对我国当前毒品犯罪案件的一些法律适用疑 难问题进行了探讨,分析了我国刑法第六章第七节关于毒品犯罪的部分法 条存在的缺陷,在此基础上,提出了修改和完善我国毒品犯罪刑事立法的 建议。 文章为四个部分: 第一部分,毒品及毒品犯罪概述。简要介绍了毒品的概念、特征、种 类以及毒品犯罪的概念和分类。笔者认为,毒品是指国家管制的能够使人 形成瘾癖的麻醉药品和精神药品;毒品具有成瘾性、毒害性和被管制性三 个特征;毒品犯罪是指违反毒品管制法规,破坏毒品管制秩序,依法应受 刑罚处罚的行为;毒品犯罪可分为生产类、流通类、促进消费类、持有类 及妨害查禁毒品犯罪类等5 类犯罪。 第二部分,我国毒品犯罪的刑事立法。简要介绍了我国毒品犯罪刑事 立法的历史和现状。 第三部分,毒品犯罪的法律适用。这是全文的重点,主要介绍了我国 目前司法实践中常见的毒品犯罪法律适用难点问题和我国毒品犯罪刑事立 法上存在的不足,以及笔者对这些问题的看法。笔者提出,(1)我国刑法 关于“走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪,无论数量多少,都应追究刑事责 任,予以刑事处罚”的规定与刑法的谦抑性价值不符,也与刑法总则相矛 盾,实践中也难以达到严厉打击毒品犯罪的目的,因此,走私、贩卖、运 输、制造毒品罪应规定一个合理的追究刑事责任的数量起点标准,走私、 贩卖、运输、制造少量毒品行为应该非犯罪化。(2)毒品含量决定和反映 毒品犯罪社会危害性的大小,鉴于司法实践中,毒品掺假问题比较常见, 混合毒品成分复杂,毒品含量鉴定不仅是对毒品犯罪分子适用刑罚的重要 依据,也是认定混合毒品所属种类的重要依据。因此,对于查获的毒品, 都应当做含量鉴定。(3)贩卖毒品行为包括“贩”和“卖”两种具体行为, 认定贩卖毒品罪既遂与未遂时,应将贩方和卖方分别对待。贩方以出卖为 目的已经购得毒品的,是既遂;卖方已经卖出毒品的,是既遂,卖方在交 易毒品时被抓获的,应根据毒品来源认定是否为既遂。(4)非法持有毒品 罪的持有毒品行为具有以下特征:持有毒品是指行为人对毒品事实上的控 制和支配;持有的外在表现为占有、携带、存放、隐藏等方法控制和支配 毒品,但不要求物理上的握有;持有毒品不以行为人是毒品的所有者或占 有者为成立要件;持有是一种事实状态,必须在一定时间内不间断地持续 存在;持有可以是个人单独持有,也可以是多人共同持有。司法实践中, 对于持有假毒品行为的定性,应根据行为人的主观方面的内容和客观行为 具体处理;根据现行法律规定,吸毒者携带数量较大的毒品在交通工具上 被抓获,没有证据证明其实施了走私、贩卖、运输、制造及窝藏、转移毒 品犯罪的,应以非法持有毒品罪论处,但这种处理方式不尽合理;基于持 有毒品行为的不可间断性特征和非法持有毒品罪的立法目的,不应将吸毒 者多次吸食的毒品数量累计计算后,以非法持有毒品罪追究其刑事责任。 (5)居间介绍买卖毒品分为介绍出售毒品、介绍购买毒品和介绍买卖毒品 三种情形。对于居间介绍买卖毒品的行为人,不能一律以贩卖毒品罪的共 犯处理,应根据具体情况处理:居间人明知他人贩卖毒品而为其介绍买主 的,或者明知他人以贩卖为目的购买毒品而为其介绍毒品卖主的,或者在 毒品买卖双方之间斡旋、撮合,促成毒品交易的,均应以贩卖毒品罪的共 犯论处;居间人明知他人出于吸食目的购买毒品而为其介绍毒品卖主,帮 助购买毒品的,不能以贩卖毒品罪的共犯论处,但如果购买的毒品数量较 大的,应以非法持有毒品罪论处。(6)行为人因走私、贩卖、运输、制造、 非法持有毒品罪被判刑后,在刑罚执行完毕或赦免以后五年内又实施毒品 犯罪的,应该认定为累犯;在刑罚执行期间又实施毒品犯罪的,应依照刑 法第七十一条的规定处理,不应认定为毒品再犯。 第四部分,完善我国毒品犯罪刑事立法的建议。在第三部分的基础上, 提出我国毒品刑事立法的修改和完善建议。具体包括,删除刑法第三百四 十七条第一款;在刑法第三百五十七条第二款中规定毒品含量应作为量刑 时的酌情考虑的因素;明确将刑法第三百五十六条规定为毒品犯罪的特殊 累犯,并纳入刑法总则之中;在刑法第三百四十八条中规定以非法持有毒 品罪论处的最高毒品数量,超出最高限量的,以贩卖毒品罪论处。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • This article,from the judicial practice angle, discusses the difficult doubt issues of application of law in current drug-related crime, and analyses defection of some regulations of the drug-related crime in seventh part of sixth chapter of the criminal law. On this foundation, the author proposes revision and perfection for legislation in drug-related crimes. The article has four parts: The first part, narcotic and outline of drug-related crime. The author introduces the narcotic concept, the characteristics, and the types of the drug-related crimes, as well as the concept and the classification of the drugs briefly. The author believes that the narcotics refer to the narcotic and the energetic drugs that the state regulates and that are able to cause the human to become addicted to the hobby. The narcotics have three characteristics of the addictive nature, the toxicity and being controlled; The drug-related crime refers to the action which violates the narcotic control laws and regulations, the destructs narcotics control order and should receive penalty punishments. The drug-related crime may be divided into five classes:the production class, the circulation class, the consumption promotion class, possession class and the hindrance of forbidding the drug-related crimes. The second part,criminal legislation in our country, s drug-related crime. The author briefly introduces the history and the present situation of legislation in the drug-related crimes. The third part, the law application of drug-related crimes. This is key part of the dissertation, mainly introducing difficult issues oflaw application in the judicial practice and insufficiency of legislation of drug-related crime in our country, as well as the points of the author on these questions.The author proposes that:(1)our country criminal legislation about “regardless of how much drug it is in smuggling, trade, the transportation, and manufacturing, all such activities should be investigated and punished ”is not matching with the criminal law modesty value and is contradictory with the general rule, therefore it can not realize the goal of the severe attack drug-related crimes in the practice; Therefore,the crimes on narcotics should stipulate a reasonable quantity of the beginning standard to burden legal responsibility in smuggling,trade,the transportation,and the manufacture,If the quantity is very small,Smuggling,trade, transportation and manufacturing should not be criminalized;(2) narcotic content is a decisive factor and reflective elements of society danger, and in view of the fact that in the judicial practice, the narcotic adulteration is common, and the mixed narcotics ingredient is complex, so the narcotic content appraisal is not only the important basis for the penalty but also is important basis for recognition the mix narcotics; Therefore, regarding the narcotics which is ferreted out, all should be appraised.(3)trade of the narcotic behavior is included selling and buying, so when we decide whether it is accomplished offense or attempted,it should be treated differently. Selling part for the goal has already bought the narcotics, he should be judged as the accomplished offense; The seller who has already sold the narcotics should be treated as the accomplished offense; the seller when the transaction narcotics is captured,should, according to the narcotic origin, be recognized as the accomplished offense. (4)Illegal possession of narcotic crime has the following characteristics: illegal possession of narcotic crime is the fact of controlling drugs;illegal possession of narcotic crime means holding, carrying, depositing and hideaway, but does not means physical holding;illegal possession of narcotic dose not mean he is the narcotic owner or the possessoner; illegal possession of narcotic must be uninterrupted in a certain time; illegal possession of narcotic can be individual alone possession, also may be multi-people together.In the judicial practice, the nature of the vacation narcotics behavior should be judged according to individual subjective aspect objective aspect; According to the present legal rule, the drug adict carries the big quantity narcotics and be captured on the transportation vehicle, if there is no evidence to prove it is for smuggling,trading, the transportation,it should be judged as the possession of narcotic crime, but this processing mode was incompatible; Based on the discontinual characteristics of holding the narcotic behavior and the legislation goal of the narcotic crime, it should not be treated as the crime of possession of drugs if the quantity is big after accumulation computation.(5)middler in business narcotics can be divided into three types: the middler for selling narcotics, the middler for purchasing narcotics and the middler for buying and selling narcotics.Regarding the middler in business narcotics,they cannot all be regarded accomplice processing, they should be judged according to special details: The intermediary knows perfectly well that other people are trading the narcotics so as to introduce customers, or knows perfectly well other people is taking trade as the purchasable goal so as to introduce narcotics to seller, or mediating between the narcotics, reconciling, facilitating the narcotic transaction, they should be judged as the accomplice; The intermediary knows perfectly well other people buy the drugs for the goal of addiction so as to introduce narcotics to them, helping purchase narcotics, they cannot be treated as the accomplice, but if purchased narcotic is big quantity,they should be judged as the crime of possession.(6)individuals are punished after smuggling, trade, the transportation, manufacture illegally, but before the punishment is implemented or immured in five years,they again convicted drug crimes,they should be recognized as recidivists; In penalty execution period, the individual implements the drug-related crime, he should be punished under 71th regulation and should not be recognized violator again for the narcotics. The fourth part, perfection for legislation in our country, s drug-related crime. On the third part of foundation, the author proposes suggestions for narcotics criminal legislation in our country;It includes specifically: deletion of the first section of 347th criminal law; in second section of 357th regulation, the narcotic content should be taken into as an elements of the discretion of punishment; Clearly 356th article of the criminal law for special recidivists should be integrated into general rule of the criminal law;In 348th article in criminal law the maxims narcotic quantity should be add to the crime for the possession, and the quantity over the maxims of the possession crime should be judged as drug crime of trafficking
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2025-12-04
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