从案例谈介入因素的刑法因果关系

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归属院系:

法学院

作者:

莫永进

导师:

戴勇才

导师单位:

法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

客观要件;因果关系;介入因素

摘要:

经调查广东省雷州市人民法院在 2007 至 2008 年度审结三个类似案例,三个案例都存在介入因素的情况。本文试图从三个案例谈起,论述介入因素的刑法因果关系概念和特征、刑法因果关系介入因素的类型、不属于介入因素的刑法因果关系问题。然后转向论述介入因素的刑法因果关系判断标准,同时论述不属于介入因素的刑法因果关系如何认定问题。从而归结出研究介入因素的刑法因果关系的理论及实践意义。 一、前言。这部分从案例入手,引出为什么选此题。 二、介绍了介入因素的刑法因果关系概念及特征。这一特殊的刑法现象是指在先行为引起危害结果发生的过程中,介入了第三人行为、被害人行为、行为人的第二次行为或者自然事实,从而影响因果关系链条异常发展的因果关系。它具有在结果与结果发生有关的数个因素中,原因与结果之间是非直接联系;先行行为通过介入因素对危害结果的发生起决定或不可或缺的作用;先行行为与危害结果之间至少有二个以上互有关联的因果关系链条;先行行为与介入行为虽然共同引起危害结果,但二者之间缺乏共同犯罪行为之间的有意识相互配合等特征。 三,介绍了刑法因果关系介入因素的类型。它包括第三人行为介入的场合,这个场合又分为第三人非自由意志行为的介入和第三人故意行为的介入;被害人行为介入的场合,这个场合又分为被害人受行为人先行行为决定实施地非合理性故意行为的介入和被害人受行为人先行行为决定实施地非自由意志过失行为的介入;行为人行为时被害人业已存在的特殊情况介入的场合;行为人基于同一故意而实施地第二个行为介入的场合;行为人行为时业已存在的特殊自然情况介入的场合等具体情况。 四、介绍了介入因素的刑法因果关系判断标准。首先,判断是先行行为还是介入因素对危害结果的产生具有原因力。如果先行为对(基本犯罪构成中、结果加重犯中、情节犯中)危害结果的产生起了主要原因力的作用,二者之间就是定罪刑法因果关系;其次,判断先行行为和介入行为各自的合法程度。先行行为和介入因素的合法程度直接影响对其的归责程度,在介入因素不明显违法的情况下,先行行为与危害结果之间具有定罪因果关系;最后,判断介入因素的发生阶段、发生概率的高低及发生的独立性程度。介入因素发生在先行行为未实施完毕之前,先行行为与危害结 2 果之间具有定罪因果关系;介入因素发生在先行行为实施完毕之后、危害结果未发生之前,先行行为与危害结果之间是否具有定罪因果关系,则要具体考虑如下因素:介入因素属于(按社会一般观念考虑)非异常的情况下,先行行为需要对危害结果负责;在介入因素的发生从属于先行行为、介入因素不具有发生独立性的情况下,先行行为与危害结果之间具有定罪因果关系。 此外,介绍了不属于介入因素的刑法因果关系认定。在比较国外学者关于类似现象提出的“因果关系中断”、“因果关系断绝”学说的基础上,分析了不属于介入因素的刑法因果关系的基本特征,从而提出不属于介入因素的刑法因果关系几种具体情况:非行为人在行为人实施行为后基于不同故意而实施后行为的场合;行为人基于不同故意而实施其第二个行为的场合;二个行为对危害结果的产生发生择一的竞合作用的场合;二个行为对危害结果的产生发生重叠作用的场合。 介绍介入因素的刑法因果关系对刑事责任的影响。这是从二个角度予以分析,包括从介入因素的刑法因果关系本身角度和从介入因素的刑法因果关系与行为人主观要件的角度,来判断其对刑事责任的有无及其影响程度。二者之间具有了定罪因果关系,并不等同于行为人就要承担相应的刑事责任。只有行为人同时具有了该种犯罪的主观罪过时,才能对行为人予以定罪科刑。 重视对刑法因果关系介入因素的深入研究,具有重要的理论及实践意义,司法实践中的困惑及理论研究中的真空亟待解决。

学科:

刑法学

提交日期

2025-12-03

引用参考

莫永进. 从案例谈介入因素的刑法因果关系[D]. 西南政法大学,2008.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 从案例谈介入因素的刑法因果关系
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 05444110402106
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 莫永进
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2008
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 戴勇才
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 客观要件 ;因果关系 ;介入因素
  • dc.subject
  • the objective element;the relation of cause-and-effect;the intervening factors
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 经调查广东省雷州市人民法院在 2007 至 2008 年度审结三个类似案例,三个案例都存在介入因素的情况。本文试图从三个案例谈起,论述介入因素的刑法因果关系概念和特征、刑法因果关系介入因素的类型、不属于介入因素的刑法因果关系问题。然后转向论述介入因素的刑法因果关系判断标准,同时论述不属于介入因素的刑法因果关系如何认定问题。从而归结出研究介入因素的刑法因果关系的理论及实践意义。 一、前言。这部分从案例入手,引出为什么选此题。 二、介绍了介入因素的刑法因果关系概念及特征。这一特殊的刑法现象是指在先行为引起危害结果发生的过程中,介入了第三人行为、被害人行为、行为人的第二次行为或者自然事实,从而影响因果关系链条异常发展的因果关系。它具有在结果与结果发生有关的数个因素中,原因与结果之间是非直接联系;先行行为通过介入因素对危害结果的发生起决定或不可或缺的作用;先行行为与危害结果之间至少有二个以上互有关联的因果关系链条;先行行为与介入行为虽然共同引起危害结果,但二者之间缺乏共同犯罪行为之间的有意识相互配合等特征。 三,介绍了刑法因果关系介入因素的类型。它包括第三人行为介入的场合,这个场合又分为第三人非自由意志行为的介入和第三人故意行为的介入;被害人行为介入的场合,这个场合又分为被害人受行为人先行行为决定实施地非合理性故意行为的介入和被害人受行为人先行行为决定实施地非自由意志过失行为的介入;行为人行为时被害人业已存在的特殊情况介入的场合;行为人基于同一故意而实施地第二个行为介入的场合;行为人行为时业已存在的特殊自然情况介入的场合等具体情况。 四、介绍了介入因素的刑法因果关系判断标准。首先,判断是先行行为还是介入因素对危害结果的产生具有原因力。如果先行为对(基本犯罪构成中、结果加重犯中、情节犯中)危害结果的产生起了主要原因力的作用,二者之间就是定罪刑法因果关系;其次,判断先行行为和介入行为各自的合法程度。先行行为和介入因素的合法程度直接影响对其的归责程度,在介入因素不明显违法的情况下,先行行为与危害结果之间具有定罪因果关系;最后,判断介入因素的发生阶段、发生概率的高低及发生的独立性程度。介入因素发生在先行行为未实施完毕之前,先行行为与危害结 2 果之间具有定罪因果关系;介入因素发生在先行行为实施完毕之后、危害结果未发生之前,先行行为与危害结果之间是否具有定罪因果关系,则要具体考虑如下因素:介入因素属于(按社会一般观念考虑)非异常的情况下,先行行为需要对危害结果负责;在介入因素的发生从属于先行行为、介入因素不具有发生独立性的情况下,先行行为与危害结果之间具有定罪因果关系。 此外,介绍了不属于介入因素的刑法因果关系认定。在比较国外学者关于类似现象提出的“因果关系中断”、“因果关系断绝”学说的基础上,分析了不属于介入因素的刑法因果关系的基本特征,从而提出不属于介入因素的刑法因果关系几种具体情况:非行为人在行为人实施行为后基于不同故意而实施后行为的场合;行为人基于不同故意而实施其第二个行为的场合;二个行为对危害结果的产生发生择一的竞合作用的场合;二个行为对危害结果的产生发生重叠作用的场合。 介绍介入因素的刑法因果关系对刑事责任的影响。这是从二个角度予以分析,包括从介入因素的刑法因果关系本身角度和从介入因素的刑法因果关系与行为人主观要件的角度,来判断其对刑事责任的有无及其影响程度。二者之间具有了定罪因果关系,并不等同于行为人就要承担相应的刑事责任。只有行为人同时具有了该种犯罪的主观罪过时,才能对行为人予以定罪科刑。 重视对刑法因果关系介入因素的深入研究,具有重要的理论及实践意义,司法实践中的困惑及理论研究中的真空亟待解决。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The tree similar cases that were judged by the court of Leizhou in 2007-2008 which all exhibited the intervening factors. This dissertation based on the three cases introduces the concept and the characteristics about the intervening factors under the theory of the legal reasons in the criminal law and the model with exceptions. Then the author turns to the judging standard of the legal seasons and elaborates the exceptions of the identifications over the reasons at the same time which accordingly concludes that the theoretical and practical meanings of the research on the relationships of the causes-and-effects. Part one is the preface which introduces the cases to indicate the issue in this dissertation. Part two is the introduction of the concept and characteristics about the cause-and-effect in the cranial law. The character in the law means that in the prior action triggered the damages, the third person, or the second time of the suspicion’s action or the natural event appeared which impact the chains of the cause-and-effect. It must be the medium between the several results and the indirect contacts with the reasons and results; the prior action impacts upon the damages by the intervening factors; there were at least two links between the prior action and the damages; and the prior action and the intervening action both have the same results on the damages but there is no common awareness and the coordination just like the common crimes. Part three is the model of the inventing factors in the criminal law’s cause-and-effect which including the spots of the third person which could separated into the non freewill and the deliberation of the third person; the spots of the injured which could classified into the irrational deliberation by the prior action and the now freewill by the prior action affected by the injured; the spots of the special cases of the injured; the spots of the second action based on the same motive of the suspicion; the spot of the special natural event which has existed as the action of the suspicion. 2 Part four is the judging standard of the relation of cause-and-effect in criminal law. At first the factor of the reason is the line to judge the prior action and the intervening action. If the former one in the damages such as the basic criminal elements, the strengthen cases of the results and the motives produce the major reason of the action which the two is the relation of the cause-and-effect in criminal law; secondly it is the legal degree of the judgment about the prior action and the intervening action which directly impact on the degree of the punishment that means the prior action and the damages would the convicting reasons without the outstanding violations of the intervening factors; finally the judgment of the average happing and the ratio of the intervening factors is the degree of the independence. The intervening factor appears before the accomplishment of the prior action, there is a relation between them; and after the accomplishment there is no cause-and-effect between them. So the following aspects should be considered: one is that no independence in the subordination of the prior action, there is the direct reasoning and the common case based on the common senses the prior action should in charge of the damages. Furthermore, the author introduces the exceptions about the relation of the cause-and-effect in criminal law and compares with the similar cases of the “interruptions”, the “separated one” in the foreign and domestic academia that the basic aspects of the intervening factor and puts forward the following cases: the spot of non-partaker based on the different deliberations to enforce the actions aftermath; the spot of the second actions with diversities; the spot of the chosen damages; the spot of the overlapping damages. And the author also introduces the influences over the relation of the criminal law which is analyzed by the two dimensions including the relation of the cause-and-effect in itself and the relation from the perspective of the subjects to decide the effects on the punishment. The two sides have the reasons but do not means that the partaker should burden the criminal liability. Only has the subjective faults in the action could have done the convictions. So if we put more attentions on the profound studies of the relationship of cause-and-effect in criminal law would produce the important theoretical and 3 practical meaning that could be impact to the resolving problems in the blank in the academia and the confusions in the judicial practices.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2025-12-03
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