挪用公款罪若干问题探究

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作者:

陈云峰

导师:

于世忠

导师单位:

法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

挪用公款罪;犯罪客体;客观方面;犯罪形态;立法完善

摘要:

挪用公款罪是职务犯罪领域(特指国家工作人员职务犯罪,下同)的 多发性犯罪,在司法实践中与贪污罪、贿赂犯罪呈三足鼎立之势,自该罪 独立成罪之日起,在刑法学界对其司法适用中疑难问题的争论就从未终 止。笔者在本文中通过追溯我国关于挪用公款犯罪的立法历史,以及对当 前立法下挪用公款罪常见疑难问题的探讨,分析了该罪存在问题的原因。 在笔者看来,挪用公款罪存在诸多疑难问题的原因是由于该罪本身立法上 的缺陷造成的,当今刑法是法益保护法,也是人权保障法,我国在挪用公 款罪的立法上为了兼顾两者,在其犯罪构成要件中加入了本不属于其本质 特征的内容即区分归个人使用、单位使用及用途要件,立法上的出发点是 为了既惩治挪用公款行为,又防止打击面过大,但从司法实践的实际情况 来看,效果并不理想,立法上的缺陷导致司法适用不平衡的现象十分常见。 因此,笔者在体现刑法谦抑性的前提下对挪用公款罪的重构进行了思考, 以期对该罪的研究和完善能有所裨益。 本文首先从我国挪用公款犯罪的立法沿革着手,早在封建时期的秦 代,我国对官吏挪用行为就有了刑事立法,封建时期尤其是唐代关于挪用 型犯罪的立法严密而科学,体现了我国古代的立法水平,至今都有一定的 借鉴意义。新民主主义革命时期,对公职人员挪用公款行为的打击十分严 厉,通过重典惩治贪腐。新中国成立后,随着刑事立法的进步,挪用公款 罪有了一个逐渐完善的演进过程,但分析其立法过程可以看到,该罪在司 法适用中存在的疑难问题众多,对其进行完善是刑事立法的必然趋势。 在挪用公款罪的客体及对象问题上,认为该罪侵犯的主要客体是国家 工作人员职务行为的廉洁性,次要客体在犯罪对象为货币时应为公共财产 所有权,犯罪对象为其他财产时应为公共财产占有使用收益权;该罪的犯 罪对象在当前立法下不包括非特定公物,也无需在立法上将非特定公物纳 入该罪的犯罪对象范围。 在挪用公款罪的客观方面,对几个常见的问题进行了探讨,认为“利 用职务之便”应指行为人利用调拨、支配、处分公款的职权;“归个人使用” 的认定应明确“个人名义”、“个人决定”、“个人利益”等几个概念,在主体 为国有单位负责人的特殊情况下应排除为单位行为的可能性;“使用”应作 广义解,只要是为某种目的服务的均可认定为“使用”;挪用公款罪的数额认定应当按照同一犯罪不同手段的情况全额累计。 挪用公款罪的转化与犯罪形态的认定在司法实践中存在着大量的争 议,笔者认为在挪用公款不退还和携款潜逃两种行为转化为贪污罪的问题 上不能一概而论,应当具体问题具体分析,严格按照犯罪构成要件来分析 界定;对于挪用公款罪的停止形态,认为在当前立法下该罪无法认定停止 形态,“挪而未用”行为也不应认定为犯罪;对于挪用公款进行非法活动或 者索取、收受贿赂构成数罪的,认为应属于牵连犯,对其实行数罪并罚是 合理的。 通过对挪用公款罪若干问题的分析,对该罪的立法完善提出如下建 议:“归个人使用”应当重新理解并将其作为目的要素,在排除为公款所有 单位使用的前提下即可认定;公款具体用途的规定在刑法理论和司法实践 中均存在诸多问题,应当取消此客观行为要件;针对单位挪用公款日益增 多的现状,建议增设单位犯罪并设立罚金刑。最后对进行上述修改的可行 性进行分析,认为如果在刑罚设置等方面加以完善,那么这种修改既有助 于理顺挪用公款罪的犯罪构成,在司法实践中也是切实可行的。

学科:

经济法学

提交日期

2025-12-03

引用参考

陈云峰. 挪用公款罪若干问题探究[D]. 西南政法大学,2008.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 挪用公款罪若干问题探究
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 05334120100208
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 陈云峰
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2008
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 于世忠
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 挪用公款罪 ;犯罪客体;客观方面;犯罪形态;立法完善
  • dc.subject
  • the embezzlement;the criminal object;the objective aspect;the patterns of crime;the legislated improvements
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 挪用公款罪是职务犯罪领域(特指国家工作人员职务犯罪,下同)的 多发性犯罪,在司法实践中与贪污罪、贿赂犯罪呈三足鼎立之势,自该罪 独立成罪之日起,在刑法学界对其司法适用中疑难问题的争论就从未终 止。笔者在本文中通过追溯我国关于挪用公款犯罪的立法历史,以及对当 前立法下挪用公款罪常见疑难问题的探讨,分析了该罪存在问题的原因。 在笔者看来,挪用公款罪存在诸多疑难问题的原因是由于该罪本身立法上 的缺陷造成的,当今刑法是法益保护法,也是人权保障法,我国在挪用公 款罪的立法上为了兼顾两者,在其犯罪构成要件中加入了本不属于其本质 特征的内容即区分归个人使用、单位使用及用途要件,立法上的出发点是 为了既惩治挪用公款行为,又防止打击面过大,但从司法实践的实际情况 来看,效果并不理想,立法上的缺陷导致司法适用不平衡的现象十分常见。 因此,笔者在体现刑法谦抑性的前提下对挪用公款罪的重构进行了思考, 以期对该罪的研究和完善能有所裨益。 本文首先从我国挪用公款犯罪的立法沿革着手,早在封建时期的秦 代,我国对官吏挪用行为就有了刑事立法,封建时期尤其是唐代关于挪用 型犯罪的立法严密而科学,体现了我国古代的立法水平,至今都有一定的 借鉴意义。新民主主义革命时期,对公职人员挪用公款行为的打击十分严 厉,通过重典惩治贪腐。新中国成立后,随着刑事立法的进步,挪用公款 罪有了一个逐渐完善的演进过程,但分析其立法过程可以看到,该罪在司 法适用中存在的疑难问题众多,对其进行完善是刑事立法的必然趋势。 在挪用公款罪的客体及对象问题上,认为该罪侵犯的主要客体是国家 工作人员职务行为的廉洁性,次要客体在犯罪对象为货币时应为公共财产 所有权,犯罪对象为其他财产时应为公共财产占有使用收益权;该罪的犯 罪对象在当前立法下不包括非特定公物,也无需在立法上将非特定公物纳 入该罪的犯罪对象范围。 在挪用公款罪的客观方面,对几个常见的问题进行了探讨,认为“利 用职务之便”应指行为人利用调拨、支配、处分公款的职权;“归个人使用” 的认定应明确“个人名义”、“个人决定”、“个人利益”等几个概念,在主体 为国有单位负责人的特殊情况下应排除为单位行为的可能性;“使用”应作 广义解,只要是为某种目的服务的均可认定为“使用”;挪用公款罪的数额认定应当按照同一犯罪不同手段的情况全额累计。 挪用公款罪的转化与犯罪形态的认定在司法实践中存在着大量的争 议,笔者认为在挪用公款不退还和携款潜逃两种行为转化为贪污罪的问题 上不能一概而论,应当具体问题具体分析,严格按照犯罪构成要件来分析 界定;对于挪用公款罪的停止形态,认为在当前立法下该罪无法认定停止 形态,“挪而未用”行为也不应认定为犯罪;对于挪用公款进行非法活动或 者索取、收受贿赂构成数罪的,认为应属于牵连犯,对其实行数罪并罚是 合理的。 通过对挪用公款罪若干问题的分析,对该罪的立法完善提出如下建 议:“归个人使用”应当重新理解并将其作为目的要素,在排除为公款所有 单位使用的前提下即可认定;公款具体用途的规定在刑法理论和司法实践 中均存在诸多问题,应当取消此客观行为要件;针对单位挪用公款日益增 多的现状,建议增设单位犯罪并设立罚金刑。最后对进行上述修改的可行 性进行分析,认为如果在刑罚设置等方面加以完善,那么这种修改既有助 于理顺挪用公款罪的犯罪构成,在司法实践中也是切实可行的。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The embezzlement is one of the most influent crimes in the area of the state personals as the other common crimes of the corruption and the bribe in the judicial practices, which is also the most disputed one over the issue of the legal applications in the academia since the stated in the criminal law of China. The author analyzes the legislated reasons of this crime through the legislated history of the embezzlement in China and the researches on the common questions of it. As the author’s opinion, the questions on the embezzlement is caused by the defects of the legislation that the current criminal law in China is the law of legal benefits protection and the securities of human rights and the embezzlement combined with the two aims by the inappropriate element of the crime which is classified into the private and the common usages. The origin of the crime is to punish the embezzlements without the overwhelming striking but the real effects in the judicial practices are not satisfied. The defects of the legislation make the dilemma of the judicial application is the common phenomenon. Therefore, the author expects to achieve the significations of the study and improvement on the crime under the preconditions of the humanity of the criminal law to the reconstruction of the embezzlement. So this dissertation focuses on the legislated reforms of the embezzlement in China at first. Since the Qin dynasty in the feudal times, there would be the regulations upon the embezzled actions of the officials. And in Tang dynasty the strict and precise system of the regulations on the embezzlements appeared which exhibits the excellent legislations in ancient China that is significant to the current system. Turns to the revolution times of new democracy in China, the powerful punishments on the embezzlements began by the thought of punishment of the corruptions with the powerful codes. Since the new China of 1949 and the development of the criminal legislations, the promoted proceeding of the crime comes to the stage. However, there still exist many questions on this crime with the analysis of its legislated history and the improvement is the tendency of the criminallegislation. Upon the issue of the object of the embezzlement, the author consider that the major object of the crime is the purity of the state personals and the second one is the ownership on the embezzled common properties and the interests over these occupied properties. The target of this crime as the current states does not include the non specified common wealth and it is not necessary to state. In the views of the objective aspect of the embezzlement, the author explains the several common questions about the crime that some consider the conveniences of the duties should be the power of the allocation, the disposition and the domination; the uses by the persons should be identified as the following concepts such as the personal name, the decision, the interests and so on; the subject should be the state-owned legal representative which exclude the possibilities of the organization actions; the usages should be understood broadly if it is with the certain purposes to use; the amount of the embezzlement should be calculated the sum of the various means in the same crime. Furthermore, there are a large number of the quarrellings about the transformations and the identifications on the patterns of the crime. The author believes that the two actions that are the refuses and the escaping should not be regarded as equal things and ought to be examined respectively with the bounds of the elements strictly. And the author considers that the pattern of the determination should not be the pause pattern under the current context which is that the occupation but no using should not be identified as the embezzlement and the other relative crimes as the illegal actions with the occupied moony and the extortion or the corruptions should be the implicated suspicions that ought to be the cumulative punishments rightfully. Through the analysis of the concerning questions on the embezzlement, the author raises the following suggestions about the legislated perfection as the “personal uses” should be reaffirmed by the purposes without the precondition of the uses of the organizations; the usages about the common properties are unfold the many problems in the both theoretical and practicalareas which must be canceled the objective aspect above; and the increasing embezzled actions nowadays with the establishment of the fines. Finally, the author based on the analysis of the corrections above insists that if it works in the establishment of the punishments, these corrections should not only be helpful to the constitution of the crime but also be executable to the judicial practices.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2025-12-03
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