企业所得税税前扣除法律制度研究

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作者:

陈远彬

导师:

陈志

导师单位:

经济法学院(生态法学院)

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

所得税;税前扣除;法律制度

摘要:

本文是研究企业所得税扣除法律制度,用法律价值审视税前扣除法律 制度的功能和实践意义。 随着我国现代法治建设步伐加快,加入 WTO 后经济全球化背景下我 国对外开发呈现崭新格局,面对全球经济日趋激烈的竞争,新形势下社会 发展日新月异,现阶段完善我国税收法治建设迫在眉睫。税前扣除是税收 法律体系的一部分,用法定、公平与效率原则实现它的实践意义。2007 年 3 月 16 日第十届人大全国大会近三千代表表决,通过了酝酿 13 年之久 的《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》,该法将成为我国构建全新的企业所 得税制度的基础。企业所得税法律制度核心之一是与应纳税所得额密切相 关的税前扣除制度,税前扣除是确定计税依据和明确纳税人税赋义务的因 素,是确定税基所不可或缺的,体现所取向的法律价值。 除引言外,本文分为四个部分展开论述: 第一部分,论述税前扣除的一般原理。企业所得税,是以纳税人在一 定时期内的纯所得(净收入)为征税对象的一类税的统称。税前扣除是确 定企业所得税应纳税所得额时,按法定要求扣除支出的税收法律活动的过 程,它具有经济性调节和规制性调节的社会功能。税前扣除制度以经济规 律为基础,借鉴经济学原理和研究成果发展,其课税要素由税率、扣除比 例、扣除项目、扣除程序构成,是确定税基所不可或缺的,均系对企业财 产有效征收的要件,税前扣除应当由法律来规定。 第二部分,阐释税前扣除制度的法律价值。本文先论述法律价值的一 般理论,继而将其应用到税前扣除法律制度上。法律价值理论同样适用于 税前扣除法律制度上,公平与效率、法定税收是税前扣除制度的法律价值, 无处不体现在税率、扣除项目、扣除法定程序的全过程,本文并就此过程 实现的价值取向深入阐释。 第三部分,研究税前扣除的法律规范。税前扣除制度法律研究的现 实价值在于扣除规范遵循经济规律,在实践中体现它的法律价值取向和法 律功能。税前扣除法律制度以经济规律为奠基石,借鉴经济学理论和研究 成果,提出税前扣除的基本原则和条件“企业实际发生的与取得收入有关 的、合理的支出,包括成本、费用、税金、损失和其他支出,在计算应纳 税所得额时准予扣除。” 作者在文章中运用经济学、法学等学科阐明适用规律,展开具有实践意义的阐释 。 第四部分,提出完善我国税前扣除立法制度的若干思考。我国现行税 前扣除制度上与法定主义及公平理念尚存差距,本部分分析目前我国税前 扣除的现状和不足之处,突出在行政部门立法和有悖公平原则的扣除制度 方面,是以牺牲公平和法定精神换取效率,损害了纳税人权益。就完善目 前扣除法律制度,作者提出我国税前扣除若干的基本构想。 文章的研究成果可供税前扣除税收实践工作中借鉴。相关实践者要以 前瞻性、发展的眼光,均衡征纳利益,适应日新月异的社会发展,在实践 中不断创新税前扣除法律制度。

学科:

经济法学

提交日期

2025-12-03

引用参考

陈远彬. 企业所得税税前扣除法律制度研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2008.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 企业所得税税前扣除法律制度研究
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 05444110401028
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 陈远彬
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2008
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 陈志
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 所得税;税前扣除;法律制度
  • dc.subject
  • Income tax;pre-tax deduction;legal system
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 本文是研究企业所得税扣除法律制度,用法律价值审视税前扣除法律 制度的功能和实践意义。 随着我国现代法治建设步伐加快,加入 WTO 后经济全球化背景下我 国对外开发呈现崭新格局,面对全球经济日趋激烈的竞争,新形势下社会 发展日新月异,现阶段完善我国税收法治建设迫在眉睫。税前扣除是税收 法律体系的一部分,用法定、公平与效率原则实现它的实践意义。2007 年 3 月 16 日第十届人大全国大会近三千代表表决,通过了酝酿 13 年之久 的《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》,该法将成为我国构建全新的企业所 得税制度的基础。企业所得税法律制度核心之一是与应纳税所得额密切相 关的税前扣除制度,税前扣除是确定计税依据和明确纳税人税赋义务的因 素,是确定税基所不可或缺的,体现所取向的法律价值。 除引言外,本文分为四个部分展开论述: 第一部分,论述税前扣除的一般原理。企业所得税,是以纳税人在一 定时期内的纯所得(净收入)为征税对象的一类税的统称。税前扣除是确 定企业所得税应纳税所得额时,按法定要求扣除支出的税收法律活动的过 程,它具有经济性调节和规制性调节的社会功能。税前扣除制度以经济规 律为基础,借鉴经济学原理和研究成果发展,其课税要素由税率、扣除比 例、扣除项目、扣除程序构成,是确定税基所不可或缺的,均系对企业财 产有效征收的要件,税前扣除应当由法律来规定。 第二部分,阐释税前扣除制度的法律价值。本文先论述法律价值的一 般理论,继而将其应用到税前扣除法律制度上。法律价值理论同样适用于 税前扣除法律制度上,公平与效率、法定税收是税前扣除制度的法律价值, 无处不体现在税率、扣除项目、扣除法定程序的全过程,本文并就此过程 实现的价值取向深入阐释。 第三部分,研究税前扣除的法律规范。税前扣除制度法律研究的现 实价值在于扣除规范遵循经济规律,在实践中体现它的法律价值取向和法 律功能。税前扣除法律制度以经济规律为奠基石,借鉴经济学理论和研究 成果,提出税前扣除的基本原则和条件“企业实际发生的与取得收入有关 的、合理的支出,包括成本、费用、税金、损失和其他支出,在计算应纳 税所得额时准予扣除。” 作者在文章中运用经济学、法学等学科阐明适用规律,展开具有实践意义的阐释 。 第四部分,提出完善我国税前扣除立法制度的若干思考。我国现行税 前扣除制度上与法定主义及公平理念尚存差距,本部分分析目前我国税前 扣除的现状和不足之处,突出在行政部门立法和有悖公平原则的扣除制度 方面,是以牺牲公平和法定精神换取效率,损害了纳税人权益。就完善目 前扣除法律制度,作者提出我国税前扣除若干的基本构想。 文章的研究成果可供税前扣除税收实践工作中借鉴。相关实践者要以 前瞻性、发展的眼光,均衡征纳利益,适应日新月异的社会发展,在实践 中不断创新税前扣除法律制度。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • This thesis studies the legal system of enterprise income tax deduction and reviews the functions and practical meanings of the legal system of pre-tax deduction from the perspective of legal values. It is urgent to improve the taxation legal system in China, in consideration of the accelerated establishment of rule of law in modern times, the new situation of its opening to the world under economic globalization after its entry into the WTO, the gradually fierce competition it faces in the global economy as well as the rapid changes in its social development under the new circumstances. Being part of the taxation legal system, pre-tax deduction functions within statutory, fair, and efficient principles. On March 16, 2007, nearly 3,000 representatives of the Tenth National People's Congress approved "The Law of the People's Republic of China on Enterprise Income Tax", which had been in preparation for 13 years and which laid the foundation for the establishment of a new system of enterprise income tax in China. As one of the cores of the legal system of enterprise income tax, the pre-tax deduction system is closely related to the taxable amount. Intended to determine the tax basis and the obligations of tax-payers, it is indispensable to the determination of tax base and demonstrates its legal value orientation. Apart from the introduction, this thesis is divided into four parts: The first part introduces the general theory of pre-tax deduction. Enterprise income tax is a blanket term for taxes imposed on the net incomes (net revenues) of tax-payers within a certain period of time. Pre-tax deduction is the taxation legal process of deducting expenditures when determining the taxable amount of enterprise income tax, and it has the social functions of economic and regulatory adjustment. The pre-tax deduction system is based on economic rules and benefits from the theories and research results of economics. Its taxation elements include tax rate, deduction percentage, deduction items and deduction process, which are indispensable for thedetermination of tax base and the essential elements for valid taxation on enterprise assets. Therefore pre-tax deduction should be regulated by the law. The second part concerns the legal values of a pre-tax deduction system. This thesis discusses general theories of legal values before applying these to the legal system of pre-tax deduction. The legal value theory also applies to the legal system of pre-tax deduction. Fairness, efficiency and statutory taxation are the legal values of the pre-tax deduction system, which are ubiquitous in the whole course of tax rate, deduction items and statutory deduction process. And this thesis has an in-depth discussion on the value orientation realized during that course. The third part specifies the legal norms of pre-tax deduction. The real value of the research on the legal system of pre-tax deduction is to ensure deduction criteria conform to economic rules and to demonstrate its legal value orientation and legal functions in practice. The legal system of pre-tax deduction is based on economic rules and benefits from economic theories and research results. It proposes the fundamental principles and conditions of pre-tax deduction, i.e., "reasonable expenses that are relevant to the income actually incurred and obtained by Enterprises - including costs, fees, tax payments, losses and other expenses - may be deducted from the taxable income". The author specifies applicable rules by means of economic, legal and other related theories, providing explanations with practical meanings. The fourth part provides some reflections on improving the legislation system for pre-tax deduction in China. The existing pre-tax deduction system in China features the difference between the statutory taxation principle and the philosophy of fairness. This part analyzes the situations and insufficiencies of the current pre-tax deduction system in China, underlining the infringement on the rights and interests of tax-payers due to administrative legislation and violation of fairness, which strives for efficiency at the price of fairness and statutory essence. The author then proposes some basic ideas on improving the current pre-tax deduction system in China.And the research results of this thesis may be referred to for the practical work of pre-tax deduction. Related practitioners should have a prospective and long-term vision in order to balance taxation interests in the constantly evolving society and to keep improving the legal system of pre-tax deduction in practice.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2025-12-03
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