论国际反规避措施的发展及对中国的影响

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归属院系:

国际法学院

作者:

刘新荣

导师:

王玫黎

导师单位:

国际法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

规避;反规避;原产地;产品差异化

摘要:

20 世纪 80 年代中期以来,反倾销作为世界各国或地区实施其贸易政策的重要工具,有不断加强趋势。与此相对应,一些出口国或地区则开始采取各种手段来规避反倾销对其造成的不利影响,并因此而使反倾销规避逐渐成为继反倾销之后国际贸易中一项新的有力的贸易保护措施,在各国或地区对外贸易法律体系中的地位也因此而逐渐上升,成为反倾销法的新的补充与发展。部分外国企业为占领潜力巨大的中国市场,低价甚至不惜成本地进入中国。他们对中国的频频倾销使中国国内市场受到严重的冲击。在近几年中国的反倾销实践取得了显著效果,使得大批遭受进口倾销产品冲击的国内企业得到了及时保护。但在规避现象层出不穷的国际贸易大背景下,依据反倾销终裁公告实施反倾销措施,仅仅是反倾销的一个阶段性胜利。在中国已经发起的反倾销案件中,频繁地出现了一些国家和地区规避反倾销的行为,使依法对产业的保护效果大打折扣,国内产业和企业受到的损害无法得到有效的扼制和补偿。所以,中国必须尽快实施反规避,只有这样,才能使中国反倾销的成果得到巩固,中国产业也才能获得更加稳定的发展平台。然而我国目前的反规避立法相当简陋,只有一些原则性的规定。这些规定不明确,透明度低,既未规定反规避行为的范围和界定标准,也未规定对于规避行为应采取何种具体措施,因此在实践中很难操作。因此,为了适应中国“入世”后外贸形势发展和外贸立法完善的需要、维护正常的国际贸易秩序并最大限度地维护中国对外贸易的合法利益,尽快完善我国的反规避立法显得非常必要。 为了研究和探讨如何完善我国反规避立法的实体规范,本文拟先对规避与反规避的产生、定义及相互间的关系等问题进行阐述,再运用法学理论对反规避措施的合法性和合理性进行论证,并在比较分析欧美反规避条款的异同、借鉴其优点,并尽量与 WTO 反规避立法接轨的前提下,对我国反规避立法的原则及完善我国反规避立法的实体规范提出具体建议。第一部分是规避与反规避。该部分对规避行为和反规避措施做了详细的介绍和说明,以国际贸易形势发展为线索,对倾销-反倾销-规避-反规避的演变和发展做了明确的梳理。首先对规避行为的产生、定义和规避行为的表现形式进行了说明,且在明确界定了倾销和规避的基础上,阐明了规避与倾销既有关联性,又有区别。接着对反规避措施的产生,以及反规避措施、 2 反规避、反规避立法等概念做了明确的界定。最后,指出规避与反规避是一对矛盾,但两者的关系并不是不可调和。相反,如果要取得经济上的平衡发展,就要科学地处理两者的关系。 第二部分是欧盟的反规避立法。该部分通过对欧盟反规避立法的演变、欧盟反规避规则的实体内容(规避的类型和认定标准)进行分析介绍,并在此基础上对其实体规则的内容和所维护的利益进行分析,得出欧盟的反规避立法主要所维护的是欧盟的经济效率,从而论证了欧盟反规避立法的价值目标侧重于效率。 第三部分是美国的反规避立法。该部分通过对美国反规避立法的演变、美国反规避规则的实体内容(规避的类型和认定标准)及其运用进行分析和介绍,并对其反规避规则的实体内容和所维护的利益进行分析,阐明了反规避立法主要所维护的是美国国内产业的效率,从而论证了美国反规避立法的价值目标侧重于效率。 第四部分是 WTO 邓克尔草案中的反规避条款。该部分从邓克尔草案反规避条款的内容出发,分析了邓克尔草案所具有的折衷性,并论述了其具有折衷性的原因在于,邓克尔草案反规避条款从世界经济和谐发展的角度出发,其反规避立法的价值目标侧重于秩序和公平。GATT 和 WTO 一直致力于建立公正、合理、有序、透明可操作的反规避机制,而实现这一目标的关键是在维护各成员国经济效率与维护自由贸易秩序之间找到一个平衡点。 第五部分是对国际反规避措施的评价。该部分意图从合法性和合理性两方面来论证反规避制度是否有存在的必要。为了探讨反规避制度具有合法性,对反规避制度与现有法律规则体系是否具有可容性和协调性进行了考察,得出反规避制度与反倾销法在立法目的上具有可容性和协调性、与WTO 法律体系具有可容性和协调性的结论,从而论证了反规避制度的合法性。接着对反规避制度的合理性进行了论证。一方面,反规避法律制度通过采取反规避措施保持倾销商与国内工业之间的利益平衡,使之站在同一起跑线上,机会均等地参与竞争,从而体现法律的价值追求,因而反规避制度具有公平的价值功能,且反规避制度能通过对社会财富的再分配,实现社会整体视角下的公平。另一方面,虽然反规避措施对国际投资领域影响很大,但其赖以存在的现实需要以及解决现实问题的有效性大于它的消极作用,因此,反规避立法具有合理性。 3 第六部分是我国反规避立法的完善。该部分首先介绍我国目前反规避立法的现状,并指出其不足之处。其次从中国“入世”后外贸形势发展和外贸立法的完善、进一步保护国内市场等角度出发,论证了我国完善反规避立法实体规范的必要性,探讨了我国完善反规避立法方面应注意的几个重要问题。并在借鉴国外经验和结合我国实际情况的基础上,从规避行为的法律定义、规避行为的种类、规避行为的实质要件以及对规避行为的法律制裁等方面对完善我国反规避实体规范提出建议。

学科:

国际法学

提交日期

2025-12-03

引用参考

刘新荣. 论国际反规避措施的发展及对中国的影响[D]. 西南政法大学,2008.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 论国际反规避措施的发展及对中国的影响
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 2005360
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 刘新荣
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 国际法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2008
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 王玫黎
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 国际法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 规避 ;反规避; 原产地 ;产品差异化
  • dc.subject
  • Circumvention;Counter-circumvention;Source area;Product variation
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 20 世纪 80 年代中期以来,反倾销作为世界各国或地区实施其贸易政策的重要工具,有不断加强趋势。与此相对应,一些出口国或地区则开始采取各种手段来规避反倾销对其造成的不利影响,并因此而使反倾销规避逐渐成为继反倾销之后国际贸易中一项新的有力的贸易保护措施,在各国或地区对外贸易法律体系中的地位也因此而逐渐上升,成为反倾销法的新的补充与发展。部分外国企业为占领潜力巨大的中国市场,低价甚至不惜成本地进入中国。他们对中国的频频倾销使中国国内市场受到严重的冲击。在近几年中国的反倾销实践取得了显著效果,使得大批遭受进口倾销产品冲击的国内企业得到了及时保护。但在规避现象层出不穷的国际贸易大背景下,依据反倾销终裁公告实施反倾销措施,仅仅是反倾销的一个阶段性胜利。在中国已经发起的反倾销案件中,频繁地出现了一些国家和地区规避反倾销的行为,使依法对产业的保护效果大打折扣,国内产业和企业受到的损害无法得到有效的扼制和补偿。所以,中国必须尽快实施反规避,只有这样,才能使中国反倾销的成果得到巩固,中国产业也才能获得更加稳定的发展平台。然而我国目前的反规避立法相当简陋,只有一些原则性的规定。这些规定不明确,透明度低,既未规定反规避行为的范围和界定标准,也未规定对于规避行为应采取何种具体措施,因此在实践中很难操作。因此,为了适应中国“入世”后外贸形势发展和外贸立法完善的需要、维护正常的国际贸易秩序并最大限度地维护中国对外贸易的合法利益,尽快完善我国的反规避立法显得非常必要。 为了研究和探讨如何完善我国反规避立法的实体规范,本文拟先对规避与反规避的产生、定义及相互间的关系等问题进行阐述,再运用法学理论对反规避措施的合法性和合理性进行论证,并在比较分析欧美反规避条款的异同、借鉴其优点,并尽量与 WTO 反规避立法接轨的前提下,对我国反规避立法的原则及完善我国反规避立法的实体规范提出具体建议。第一部分是规避与反规避。该部分对规避行为和反规避措施做了详细的介绍和说明,以国际贸易形势发展为线索,对倾销-反倾销-规避-反规避的演变和发展做了明确的梳理。首先对规避行为的产生、定义和规避行为的表现形式进行了说明,且在明确界定了倾销和规避的基础上,阐明了规避与倾销既有关联性,又有区别。接着对反规避措施的产生,以及反规避措施、 2 反规避、反规避立法等概念做了明确的界定。最后,指出规避与反规避是一对矛盾,但两者的关系并不是不可调和。相反,如果要取得经济上的平衡发展,就要科学地处理两者的关系。 第二部分是欧盟的反规避立法。该部分通过对欧盟反规避立法的演变、欧盟反规避规则的实体内容(规避的类型和认定标准)进行分析介绍,并在此基础上对其实体规则的内容和所维护的利益进行分析,得出欧盟的反规避立法主要所维护的是欧盟的经济效率,从而论证了欧盟反规避立法的价值目标侧重于效率。 第三部分是美国的反规避立法。该部分通过对美国反规避立法的演变、美国反规避规则的实体内容(规避的类型和认定标准)及其运用进行分析和介绍,并对其反规避规则的实体内容和所维护的利益进行分析,阐明了反规避立法主要所维护的是美国国内产业的效率,从而论证了美国反规避立法的价值目标侧重于效率。 第四部分是 WTO 邓克尔草案中的反规避条款。该部分从邓克尔草案反规避条款的内容出发,分析了邓克尔草案所具有的折衷性,并论述了其具有折衷性的原因在于,邓克尔草案反规避条款从世界经济和谐发展的角度出发,其反规避立法的价值目标侧重于秩序和公平。GATT 和 WTO 一直致力于建立公正、合理、有序、透明可操作的反规避机制,而实现这一目标的关键是在维护各成员国经济效率与维护自由贸易秩序之间找到一个平衡点。 第五部分是对国际反规避措施的评价。该部分意图从合法性和合理性两方面来论证反规避制度是否有存在的必要。为了探讨反规避制度具有合法性,对反规避制度与现有法律规则体系是否具有可容性和协调性进行了考察,得出反规避制度与反倾销法在立法目的上具有可容性和协调性、与WTO 法律体系具有可容性和协调性的结论,从而论证了反规避制度的合法性。接着对反规避制度的合理性进行了论证。一方面,反规避法律制度通过采取反规避措施保持倾销商与国内工业之间的利益平衡,使之站在同一起跑线上,机会均等地参与竞争,从而体现法律的价值追求,因而反规避制度具有公平的价值功能,且反规避制度能通过对社会财富的再分配,实现社会整体视角下的公平。另一方面,虽然反规避措施对国际投资领域影响很大,但其赖以存在的现实需要以及解决现实问题的有效性大于它的消极作用,因此,反规避立法具有合理性。 3 第六部分是我国反规避立法的完善。该部分首先介绍我国目前反规避立法的现状,并指出其不足之处。其次从中国“入世”后外贸形势发展和外贸立法的完善、进一步保护国内市场等角度出发,论证了我国完善反规避立法实体规范的必要性,探讨了我国完善反规避立法方面应注意的几个重要问题。并在借鉴国外经验和结合我国实际情况的基础上,从规避行为的法律定义、规避行为的种类、规避行为的实质要件以及对规避行为的法律制裁等方面对完善我国反规避实体规范提出建议。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Since 1980s intermediate stages, counter-dumping have implemented its trade policy as the various countries or the area the important tool, have the unceasing enhancement tendency. Corresponds with this, some the export state or the area starts to adopt each method to dodge counter-dumping the adverse effect which creates to it, after and therefore causes the counter-dumping circumvention becomes gradually continues counter-dumping in the international trade new powerful trade protective measures, in various countries or in local foreign trade legal framework status but therefore also gradually rises, becomes the counter-dumping method new supplement and the development. China's reform and open policy advances unceasingly, the trade protection policy relaxes gradually, the massive foreign commodity enters China .The partial foreign enterprise for the occupation potential giant China market, the low price even does not hesitate the cost to enter China. .They cause the Chinese domestic market to China's repeatedly dumping to be under the serious impact. Has obtained the remarkable effect in recent years in China's counter-dumping practice, caused to suffer the import dumping product impact the domestic enterprise to obtain the prompt protection in large numbers.But under the international trade big background which the circumvention phenomenon emerges one after another incessantly, rests on the counter-dumping end to cut the announcement to implement the counter-dumping measure, is merely a counter-dumping gradual victory. Already initiated in China's in the counter-dumping case, appeared some countries and the area frequently dodges counter-dumping the behavior, caused the protection effect greatly to sell at a discount legally to the industry, the home industry and the enterprise received the harm was unable to be under effective restraining with the compensation. Therefore, China must implement the counter-circumvention as soon as possible, only then like this, can enable the Chinese counter-dumping the achievement to obtain consolidated, the Chinese industry also can obtain the stabler development platform .However our country at present counter-circumvention legislation is quite crude, only 2 then some principled stipulation. These stipulations is not clear about, the transparency is low, also has not stipulated the counter-circumvention behavior the scope and the limits standard, also the stipulation should not take what specific measures regarding the circumvention behavior, therefore very is in reality difficult to operate. Therefore, after in order to adapt China “being WTO entry” the foreign trade situation development and the foreign trade legislation perfect need, the maintenance normal international trade order and maximum limit maintains the Chinese foreign trade the legitimate benefit, consummates our country's counter-circumvention legislation to appear as soon as possible extremely essential. How in order to study and discusses consummates our country counter-circumvention legislation the entity standard, this article draws up to dodges first with the counter-circumvention production, the definition and questions and so on relations carries on the elaboration mutually, then carries on the proof using the legal science theory to the counter-circumvention measure validity and the rationality, and in the comparative analysis Europe and America counter-circumvention provision similarities and differences, profits from its merit, and as far as possible with under the WTO counter-circumvention legislation trail connection premise, proposes the concrete proposal to our country counter-circumvention legislation principle and the consummation our country counter-circumvention legislation entity standard. The first part is the circumvention and the counter-circumvention. .This part to dodged the behavior and the counter-circumvention measure has made the detailed introduction and the explanation, take the international trade situation development as the clue, to dumped - the counter-dumping - circumvention - counter-circumvention evolution and the development has made explicit combing .First to dodged the behavior the production, the definition and the circumvention behavior manifestation has carried on the explanation, also in was clear about has limited dumping and in the circumvention foundation, has expounded the circumvention and dumping both has the relatedness, and had the difference. Then to the counter-circumvention measure production, as well as 3 counter-concepts and so on circumvention measure, counter-circumvention, counter-circumvention legislation has made the explicit limits .Finally, pointed out the circumvention and the counter-circumvention are pair of contradictory, but both relations are not irreconcilable .On the contrary, if must obtain in the economical the balanced development, must process both scientifically the relations. The second part is European Union's counter-circumvention legislation .This part through to the European Union counter-circumvention legislation evolution, the European Union counter-circumvention rule entity content (circumvention type and recognized standard) carries on the analysis introduction, and the benefit which and maintains to its entity rule content carries on the analysis in this foundation, obtains is European Union's economic efficiency which European Union's counter-circumvention legislation mainly maintains, thus proved the European Union counter-circumvention legislation value goal to stress on the efficiency. The third part is US's counter-circumvention legislation .This part through to the American counter-circumvention legislation evolution, the American counter-circumvention rule entity content (circumvention type and recognized standard) and the utilization carries on the analysis and the introduction, and the benefit which and maintains to its counter-circumvention rule entity content carries on the analysis, had expounded what the counter-circumvention legislation mainly maintains is the American home industry efficiency, thus proved the American counter-circumvention legislation value goal to stress on the efficiency. The fourth part is WTO in the Dunkle draft counter-circumvention provision .This part embarked from the Dunkle draft counter-circumvention provision content, has analyzed compromised which the Dunkle draft had, and elaborated it to have compromised the reason to lie in, the Dunkle draft counter-circumvention provision embarked from the world economics harmonious development angle, its counter-circumvention legislation value goal stressed on the order and fair. GATT and WTO continuously devote the counter-circumvention mechanism which in the establishment fair, reasonable, 4 the order, transparent may operate, but realizes this goal key is in maintains various member nations economic efficiency and between the maintenance free trade order found a balance point. The fifth part is to the international counter-circumvention measure appraisal .This part of intentions prove the counter-circumvention system from valid and the rational two aspects whether has the existence necessity。In order to discuss the counter-circumvention system to have the validity, to counter-circumvention system and existing legal regular system whether had the capacitability and the coordination has carried on the inspection, obtained the counter-circumvention system to have the capacitability and the coordination, with the counter-dumping law in the legislation goal has the capacitability with the WTO legal framework and the coordinative conclusion, thus has proven the counter-circumvention system validity. Then has carried on the proof to the counter-circumvention system rationality .At the same time, the counter-circumvention legal regime through adopts between the counter-circumvention measure maintenance dumping business and the home industry benefit balance, causes it to stand on the identical starting line, equal opportunity participates in the competition, thus manifests legal the value pursue, thus the counter-circumvention system has the fair value function, also the counter-circumvention system can through to the public wealth redistribution, under realization society overall angle of view fair. On the other hand, although the counter-circumvention measure is very big to the international investment domain influence, but its Lai Yi exists the reality needs as well as the solution realistic question validity is bigger than its negative effect, therefore, the counter-circumvention legislation has the rationality. The sixth part is our country counter-circumvention legislation consummation .This part first introduced our country at present the counter-circumvention legislation present situation, and points out its deficiency .Next after China “being WTO entry” the foreign trade situation development and the foreign trade legislation consummation, further protected angles and so on domestic market to embark, proves our country to 5 consummate the counter-circumvention legislation entity standard the necessity, discussed our country to consummate several important questions which the counter-circumvention legislation aspect should pay attention. And unifies our country actual situation at the model overseas experience in the foundation, from circumvention behavior legal definition, the circumvention behavior type, the circumvention behavior substantive important document as well as to dodges behavior aspects and so on legal sanction to consummate our country counter-circumvention entity standard to put forward the proposal.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2025-12-03
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