我国司法鉴定人出庭质证制度研究

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归属院系:

刑事侦查学院

作者:

刘春杰

导师:

贾治辉

导师单位:

刑事侦查学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

司法鉴定;司法鉴定人;出庭质证;出庭现状;制度构建

摘要:

人类的司法证明活动已经进入了以物证为主要载体的“科学证据”时代,诉讼中越来越多的案件需要具有专门知识的鉴定人“解释事情如何、为何发生,或者事情如何、为何没有如此发生”。在法制发达的国家,司法鉴定人(专家证人)出庭质证的比例相当高,但我国司法鉴定人出庭质证的比例却相对较低。如果鉴定人不出庭质证,那么对鉴定意见的真实合法性的质疑就可能无法得以澄清。随着诉讼理念的变迁和诉讼模式的转型,司法鉴定人不出庭的弊端越发突出,这不但制约了我国现代化诉讼体系的有机运行,而且也影响了司法程序及结果的公正。 司法鉴定人出庭质证,是指司法鉴定人根据法律规定出庭接受诉讼当事人对鉴定意见的交叉询问、质疑的诉讼活动。任何证据必须查证属实后才能做为定案的依据而被采信,司法鉴定人出具的鉴定意见也不能例外。司法鉴定人出庭质证是最直接、最有效的审查鉴定意见效力的方式,并且我国的法律也有相关的规定。然而,由于历史和现实等多方面的原因造成我国司法鉴定人出庭比例极低,这给诉讼活动带来了一定的负面影响。因此,结合我国实际,借鉴两大法系国家在司法鉴定人(专家证人)出庭质证制度的合理因素,完善我国司法鉴定人出庭质证制度有着重大的意义。 本文的写作是在参考了大量具有前沿性、代表性的优秀专著和期刊资料的基础上,结合自己的工作实践,综合运用了比较、归纳、演绎、逻辑求证等方法进行研究。论文共分五个部分,约三万六千字。 第一部分是关于我国司法鉴定人的概述。这部分追溯了我国司法鉴定人的历史沿革,重点明确了我国司法鉴定人的概念及其性质与地位,分析了我国司法鉴定人的执业分类。 第二部分是关于我国司法鉴定人出庭质证的概述。这部分分析了鉴定结论与鉴定意见、出庭作证与出庭质证,论述了司法鉴定人出庭质证的必要性和意义,明确了司法鉴定人出庭质证的制度基础。 第三部分考察了英美法系和大陆法系司法鉴定人出庭质证制度,分别对英美法系和大陆法系的相关制度进行了研究,并在此基础上对两大法系的司法鉴定人出庭作证制度进行了比较和评价。 2 第四部分是关于我国司法鉴定人出庭质证的现状、原因及对策。这一部分从历史和现实的角度分析了我国司法鉴定人出庭质证的现状以及造成这种现状的各方面的原因,并针对我国司法鉴定人出庭质证比例低的现状提出了相应的对策,以提高出庭质证比例,推动我国诉讼制度的发展和完善。 第五部分是关于构建我国司法鉴定人出庭质证制度。这一部分是本文的核心,从程序和实体两个方面对我国司法鉴定人出庭质证制度进行了解构,分析了我国司法鉴定人出庭质证制度的不足,并在此基础上提出了如何构建我国鉴定人出庭质证制度,以适应我国不断发展的诉讼需要。

学科:

侦查学

提交日期

2025-12-02

引用参考

刘春杰. 我国司法鉴定人出庭质证制度研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2009.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 我国司法鉴定人出庭质证制度研究
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20060301200369
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 刘春杰
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 刑事侦查学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2009
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 贾治辉
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 刑事侦查学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 司法鉴定;司法鉴定人;出庭质证;出庭现状;制度构建
  • dc.subject
  • judicial identification;expert witness;appear to court for cross-examination;status in quo;system construction
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 人类的司法证明活动已经进入了以物证为主要载体的“科学证据”时代,诉讼中越来越多的案件需要具有专门知识的鉴定人“解释事情如何、为何发生,或者事情如何、为何没有如此发生”。在法制发达的国家,司法鉴定人(专家证人)出庭质证的比例相当高,但我国司法鉴定人出庭质证的比例却相对较低。如果鉴定人不出庭质证,那么对鉴定意见的真实合法性的质疑就可能无法得以澄清。随着诉讼理念的变迁和诉讼模式的转型,司法鉴定人不出庭的弊端越发突出,这不但制约了我国现代化诉讼体系的有机运行,而且也影响了司法程序及结果的公正。 司法鉴定人出庭质证,是指司法鉴定人根据法律规定出庭接受诉讼当事人对鉴定意见的交叉询问、质疑的诉讼活动。任何证据必须查证属实后才能做为定案的依据而被采信,司法鉴定人出具的鉴定意见也不能例外。司法鉴定人出庭质证是最直接、最有效的审查鉴定意见效力的方式,并且我国的法律也有相关的规定。然而,由于历史和现实等多方面的原因造成我国司法鉴定人出庭比例极低,这给诉讼活动带来了一定的负面影响。因此,结合我国实际,借鉴两大法系国家在司法鉴定人(专家证人)出庭质证制度的合理因素,完善我国司法鉴定人出庭质证制度有着重大的意义。 本文的写作是在参考了大量具有前沿性、代表性的优秀专著和期刊资料的基础上,结合自己的工作实践,综合运用了比较、归纳、演绎、逻辑求证等方法进行研究。论文共分五个部分,约三万六千字。 第一部分是关于我国司法鉴定人的概述。这部分追溯了我国司法鉴定人的历史沿革,重点明确了我国司法鉴定人的概念及其性质与地位,分析了我国司法鉴定人的执业分类。 第二部分是关于我国司法鉴定人出庭质证的概述。这部分分析了鉴定结论与鉴定意见、出庭作证与出庭质证,论述了司法鉴定人出庭质证的必要性和意义,明确了司法鉴定人出庭质证的制度基础。 第三部分考察了英美法系和大陆法系司法鉴定人出庭质证制度,分别对英美法系和大陆法系的相关制度进行了研究,并在此基础上对两大法系的司法鉴定人出庭作证制度进行了比较和评价。 2 第四部分是关于我国司法鉴定人出庭质证的现状、原因及对策。这一部分从历史和现实的角度分析了我国司法鉴定人出庭质证的现状以及造成这种现状的各方面的原因,并针对我国司法鉴定人出庭质证比例低的现状提出了相应的对策,以提高出庭质证比例,推动我国诉讼制度的发展和完善。 第五部分是关于构建我国司法鉴定人出庭质证制度。这一部分是本文的核心,从程序和实体两个方面对我国司法鉴定人出庭质证制度进行了解构,分析了我国司法鉴定人出庭质证制度的不足,并在此基础上提出了如何构建我国鉴定人出庭质证制度,以适应我国不断发展的诉讼需要。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Judicial proof of human being has entered into the new era of “scientific evidence” that mostly focuses on physical evidence, more and more lawsuits need the help of expert witness to explain “why the thing occurred, how the thing going on, and why the thing not occurred like this”. In the country with developed legal system, the ratio of judicial experts (expert witness) coming to the court for cross-examination is very high, but in our country, the proportion is not taking the large part. Query about the reality and legality of expert opinion won’t be clarified until judicial experts come to the court for explaining. With the change of legal proceeding idea and transition of legal proceeding mode, drawbacks of judicial experts not coming for cross-examination become more prominent, which not only constrained the organic operation of China’s modernized litigation system, but affected the impartiality of judicial proceeding and outcomes. What the judicial expert comes to court for cross-examination means is one kind of judicial activity in which the judicial experts answers the question and query made by litigants in courts. Any evidence won’t be accepted by court until it be verified, there is no exception about judicial opinion given by expert witness. Expert witness comes to court for cross-examination is the most direct and effective method for checking the effectiveness of expert opinion, China’s law has relevant requirement. However, due to historical and practical reasons, the proportion of expert witness comes to court is not very high in China, which brought a certain degree of negative impacts to litigation. Therefore, it is important for us to draw on the rationality of the system of expert witness appearing to court for cross-examination in two big legal systems. This article is written with reference to a large number of representatives and excellent monographs and journals, combined with the author’s work practice; and used comparison, induction, deduction and other research methods. This dissertation is divided into five parts, about 36,000 words. The first part is the overview judicial expert in China. In this section, we studied the history of Chinese expert witness; made its conception, nature and status clear, and analyzed the classification of expert witness in our country. The second part is the summary of expert witness appearing to court for cross-examination. We analyzed the similarities and differences of expert conclusion and 2 expert opinion, discussed the necessity and significance of appearing to court, and introduced the system foundation of expert witness appearing to court for cross-examination. In The third part, we researched the system of expert witness appearing to court for cross-examination in continental law and common law countries, studied the relevant system in these two different law countries respectively, and compared and evaluated the system of expert witness appearing to court for cross-examination in the two different law countries. The fourth part is on the status in quo of expert witness appearing to court for cross-examination in China, we analyzed why the ratio is not very high and put forward some countermeasures. Specifically speaking, in this part, we analyzed its present situation and why the situation comes into being from history and reality aspect. In viewing of its low proportion, we put forward some countermeasures to heighten the ratio of expert witness appearing to court as to promote the development and improvement of our country’s judicial identification system. Part V focused on the construction of expert witness appearing to court for cross-examination system in our country. This part is the core of this dissertation, we deconstructed our country’s expert witness appearing to court for cross-examination system from procedures and entities, analyzed its deficiency, and raised the question of how to build our country’s expert witness appearing to court for cross-examination system, so as to adapt to the continuous evolution of litigation mechanism in our country.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2025-12-02
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