我国药品价格规制研究

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作者:

常娟娟

导师:

王学辉

导师单位:

行政法学院(纪检监察学院),人权研究院(人权学院)

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

药品;规制;价格虚高;药品价格规制

摘要:

近年来,“看病难、看病贵”极大的刺激着我国老百姓的神经,药品价 格的攀升和医疗费用的过快增长给患者及医疗保险制度带来了沉重的负 担,成为广大群众关心的一个热点问题,同时也是我国各级政府一直努力 解决的重大问题,医疗主管部门为解决好这一问题担负着巨大的压力。 药品是一种用于医治、预防人或者其他动物疾病的特殊商品。药品不 像其他普通商品,消费者可以自行选择。医生开药,病人买药,治疗所需 的药品种类和剂量主要由医师来决定,药剂师来调剂。特别是处方用药还 要医生处方才能从医院或药房中买到。患者处于相对被动的位置上,大多 数是被动消费。药品的需求弹性小,消费者对其价格极端不敏感,医患双 方存在着严重的信息不对称现象。因此,药品价格不能简单地通过市场竞 争和需求来调节,政府必须对其进行一定程度的干预和调控,这是政府履 行政府职能的重要体现,也是为了维护社会成员之间的公平,使患者利益 不受侵害之需要。药品价格牵涉到各个方面的切身利益,与经济体制、医 疗体制、药品生产流通体制、社会福利保障体制、市场机制具有千丝万缕 的联系,这也使得药品价格的规制更加困难。 价格,是国民经济的综合反映,是各个方面经济活动主体利益关系调 节机制的核心因素。药品价格的形成与药品成本、药品流通渠道、市场结 构以及药品生产、经营、消费者的行为、政府对药品规制的一系列政策制 度有关,这些构成了药品的价格体系。药品价格问题是药品管理工作中很 重要的一个环节,牵涉到政府、社会和个人的利益,关系到制药工业、医 药商业、医疗机构的发展和人民群众的身体健康乃至社会的安定。同时, 药品价格问题与医药费用负担密切相关,影响着我国医疗体制的改革和医 药卫生事业的健康发展。因此,必须高度重视药品价格这一敏感问题。合 理解决我国的药品价格问题,消除其带来的负面影响,已经成为当务之急。 药品价格规制是指国家对药品价格形成和运动进行的干预和控制。它是政 府的经济职能之一,其基本功能是矫正市场失灵。药品的特殊性赋予了药 品研究、生产、经营及使用环节管理上的特殊性,各国政府对药品的管理 历来予以高度重视。药品费用增长过快是世界上大多数国家医药卫生领域 面临的主要问题,也是政策干预的重点。 解决药品价格居高不下的问题,表面上是价格问题,实质上关系到医 疗卫生体制、药品生产流通体制、医疗保险体制、政府管理体制等各个方 面,是一个“牵一发而动全身”的深层次问题。我国现行药品价格的规制 存在着弊端,主要表现在政府对药品价格直接干预和管理过多、定价方法 不合理、对药品价格监督难度加大,有关法律法规不够健全等方面。药品 的虚高定价使得让利、回扣和提成有了充分的余地,药品实际流通差价率 远高于规定的流通差价率,流通环节费用过高刺激着医药流通领域的恶性 竞争,我国现行的医疗卫生制度造成了医疗机构介入药品流通环节,并与 药品消费者形成了不合理的经济利益上的联系。药品价格改革后,政府管 理药品只制定最高零售价,在政府定价水平内,药品经营者可以自主确定 中间价格,这样做本意是缩小规定的流通差率,减少药品流通中间费用, 但在实际上,流通中不公平、不正当的价格竞争依然存在,这也给药品价 格的监督带来了较大的难度。从根本上来讲,药品价格虚高是我国不规范 的市场环境、不健全的法制体系和社会不正之风相互作用的结果,不是价 格管理政策本身造成的,更不是单纯依靠价格管理能够治理的,要靠加快 药品的生产流通体制改革和其它改革的配套进行。在现行体制下,政府主 管部门需要不断完善药品价格管理的制度和办法,增强药品价格管理的科 学性,推行药品价格公示制度和监测制度,提高透明度。同时完善药品集 中招标采购制度,利用药物经济学的研究成果,完善我国药品价格管理。 因此,积极推进药品价格改革,构建科学规范的药品价格规制政策,完善 我国药品价格管理非常重要。 本文主要运用了比较法、历史分析法等多种研究方法,以药品不同于 其他商品经济属性的特殊性入手,对药品价格规制现实必要性进行了阐述。 本文在回顾我国药品价格规制的基础上,剖析了我国药品价格管理上存在 的主要问题,通过对我国药品价格规制方面存在的弊端揭示了我国当前药 品价格规制存在的体制弊端。最后,本文通过介绍发达国家药品价格规制 的经验与措施,并结合我国国情进行了比较研究,提出了完善我国药品价 格规制的一些建议,对我国合理配置医药资源、促进医药行业的健康发展 起到了重要的意义。但是,药品价格的改革过程毕竟是漫长而曲折的。我 们寄希望于市场环境的规范和政府职能的转变,以及医疗体制的渐进性改 革。只要我国继续推进标本兼治的配套改革过程,制定科学规范的药品价 格规制政策,构建合理的药品价格规制体系,进一步完善药品价格的监督 管理工作,药品价格虚高的现状就一定可以得到改变,进而造福人民群众。

学科:

宪法学与行政法学

提交日期

2025-11-27

引用参考

常娟娟. 我国药品价格规制研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2008.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 我国药品价格规制研究
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20050301030143
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 常娟娟
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 行政法学院(纪检监察学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2008
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 王学辉
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 行政法学院(纪检监察学院),人权研究院(人权学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 药品;规制;价格虚高;药品价格规制
  • dc.subject
  • drug;regulation;regulation system of drug;price system down prices Drugs
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 近年来,“看病难、看病贵”极大的刺激着我国老百姓的神经,药品价 格的攀升和医疗费用的过快增长给患者及医疗保险制度带来了沉重的负 担,成为广大群众关心的一个热点问题,同时也是我国各级政府一直努力 解决的重大问题,医疗主管部门为解决好这一问题担负着巨大的压力。 药品是一种用于医治、预防人或者其他动物疾病的特殊商品。药品不 像其他普通商品,消费者可以自行选择。医生开药,病人买药,治疗所需 的药品种类和剂量主要由医师来决定,药剂师来调剂。特别是处方用药还 要医生处方才能从医院或药房中买到。患者处于相对被动的位置上,大多 数是被动消费。药品的需求弹性小,消费者对其价格极端不敏感,医患双 方存在着严重的信息不对称现象。因此,药品价格不能简单地通过市场竞 争和需求来调节,政府必须对其进行一定程度的干预和调控,这是政府履 行政府职能的重要体现,也是为了维护社会成员之间的公平,使患者利益 不受侵害之需要。药品价格牵涉到各个方面的切身利益,与经济体制、医 疗体制、药品生产流通体制、社会福利保障体制、市场机制具有千丝万缕 的联系,这也使得药品价格的规制更加困难。 价格,是国民经济的综合反映,是各个方面经济活动主体利益关系调 节机制的核心因素。药品价格的形成与药品成本、药品流通渠道、市场结 构以及药品生产、经营、消费者的行为、政府对药品规制的一系列政策制 度有关,这些构成了药品的价格体系。药品价格问题是药品管理工作中很 重要的一个环节,牵涉到政府、社会和个人的利益,关系到制药工业、医 药商业、医疗机构的发展和人民群众的身体健康乃至社会的安定。同时, 药品价格问题与医药费用负担密切相关,影响着我国医疗体制的改革和医 药卫生事业的健康发展。因此,必须高度重视药品价格这一敏感问题。合 理解决我国的药品价格问题,消除其带来的负面影响,已经成为当务之急。 药品价格规制是指国家对药品价格形成和运动进行的干预和控制。它是政 府的经济职能之一,其基本功能是矫正市场失灵。药品的特殊性赋予了药 品研究、生产、经营及使用环节管理上的特殊性,各国政府对药品的管理 历来予以高度重视。药品费用增长过快是世界上大多数国家医药卫生领域 面临的主要问题,也是政策干预的重点。 解决药品价格居高不下的问题,表面上是价格问题,实质上关系到医 疗卫生体制、药品生产流通体制、医疗保险体制、政府管理体制等各个方 面,是一个“牵一发而动全身”的深层次问题。我国现行药品价格的规制 存在着弊端,主要表现在政府对药品价格直接干预和管理过多、定价方法 不合理、对药品价格监督难度加大,有关法律法规不够健全等方面。药品 的虚高定价使得让利、回扣和提成有了充分的余地,药品实际流通差价率 远高于规定的流通差价率,流通环节费用过高刺激着医药流通领域的恶性 竞争,我国现行的医疗卫生制度造成了医疗机构介入药品流通环节,并与 药品消费者形成了不合理的经济利益上的联系。药品价格改革后,政府管 理药品只制定最高零售价,在政府定价水平内,药品经营者可以自主确定 中间价格,这样做本意是缩小规定的流通差率,减少药品流通中间费用, 但在实际上,流通中不公平、不正当的价格竞争依然存在,这也给药品价 格的监督带来了较大的难度。从根本上来讲,药品价格虚高是我国不规范 的市场环境、不健全的法制体系和社会不正之风相互作用的结果,不是价 格管理政策本身造成的,更不是单纯依靠价格管理能够治理的,要靠加快 药品的生产流通体制改革和其它改革的配套进行。在现行体制下,政府主 管部门需要不断完善药品价格管理的制度和办法,增强药品价格管理的科 学性,推行药品价格公示制度和监测制度,提高透明度。同时完善药品集 中招标采购制度,利用药物经济学的研究成果,完善我国药品价格管理。 因此,积极推进药品价格改革,构建科学规范的药品价格规制政策,完善 我国药品价格管理非常重要。 本文主要运用了比较法、历史分析法等多种研究方法,以药品不同于 其他商品经济属性的特殊性入手,对药品价格规制现实必要性进行了阐述。 本文在回顾我国药品价格规制的基础上,剖析了我国药品价格管理上存在 的主要问题,通过对我国药品价格规制方面存在的弊端揭示了我国当前药 品价格规制存在的体制弊端。最后,本文通过介绍发达国家药品价格规制 的经验与措施,并结合我国国情进行了比较研究,提出了完善我国药品价 格规制的一些建议,对我国合理配置医药资源、促进医药行业的健康发展 起到了重要的意义。但是,药品价格的改革过程毕竟是漫长而曲折的。我 们寄希望于市场环境的规范和政府职能的转变,以及医疗体制的渐进性改 革。只要我国继续推进标本兼治的配套改革过程,制定科学规范的药品价 格规制政策,构建合理的药品价格规制体系,进一步完善药品价格的监督 管理工作,药品价格虚高的现状就一定可以得到改变,进而造福人民群众。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • In recent years, "medical care, your doctor" a great stimulus for our people's nerves, the rising price of drugs and the excessive growth of health care costs to patients and the medical insurance system brought heavy burden, and the masses become a concern hot issues, as well as governments at all levels have been efforts to resolve the major issues, medical authorities to resolve this issue assumes tremendous pressure. A drug is used to treat and prevent people or other animal diseases a special commodity. Unlike other general merchandise drugs, consumers can choose. Medicine doctor, the patient medication, drugs for treatment of types and dosages determined primarily by physicians, pharmacists to enliven. Particularly prescription drugs to a doctor's prescription can buy in hospitals or pharmacies. Patients in a relatively passive position most are passive consumption. Drugs on the demand elasticity, consumer prices of its extreme sensitivity, the two sides there is a serious patient information asymmetries. Therefore, the price of drugs can not simply through market competition and needs to adjust, the Government must be a certain degree of intervention and regulation, this is the Government to fulfill an important manifestation of the government's functions, but also among members of the community in order to safeguard the fair, so that the interests of patients from encroachment needs. The price of drugs involves the vital interests of all aspects of the economic system, the health care system, and pharmaceuticals production and circulation system, the social welfare and security system, the market mechanism is inextricably linked, it has made the prices of medicines regulation more difficult。 Price is a comprehensive reflection of the national economy, all aspects of economic activity is the main mechanism for regulating the relations between the interests of the core factors. The formation of the price of drugs and drug costs, the pharmaceutical distribution channels, market structure and pharmaceutical production, management, consumer behaviour, the Government's drug regulatory system relating to a series of policies and systems, which constitute the drug pricing system. Drugs problem is the price of drugs in the management of a very important aspect involves the Government, society and personal interests, related to the pharmaceutical industry, medicine and business, medical institutions, the development and the people's health and social stability. At the same time, prices of medicines and medical cost burden of the problem is closely related to the impact of the reform of China's medical system and medical and health care for the healthy development of the cause. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the sensitive issue of drug prices. Reasonable solution of the problem of China's drug prices, the elimination of its negative impact has already become an urgent task. Drug price regulation system means the country's drug price formation and movement of the intervention and control. It is one of the Government's economic functions the basic function is to correct market failures. A drug given the special nature of pharmaceutical research, production, operation and management of the use of the special session of the government on drugs has always attached great importance to management. Excessive increase in the cost of drugs is most countries of the world in medical and health services face a major problem, but also the focus of policy interventions. Solve the problem of high drug prices, the price is on the surface, in essence, related to the medical and health system, and pharmaceuticals production and circulation system, the medical insurance system, the various aspects of the management structure, is a "wide-ranging" deep-seated problems. China's current system of drug price regulation there are defects, as demonstrated by the direct intervention of the price of drugs and management of too many unreasonable pricing methods, and increasing difficulty in monitoring drug prices, relevant laws and regulations are not sound enough, and so on. Drug prices in the pricing makes reduce its profit margins, rebates and allowances have ample room, the actual flow of drugs from the post in excess of the rate of the flow rate difference, stimulating circulation of the high cost of the field of medicine circulation of vicious competition, China's current medical and health the system of health care agencies in the pharmaceutical distribution links, and drug consumption and the formation of an unreasonable economic interests linked. Drugs price reform, the management of medicines developed only maximum retail price in the pricing level, the drug operators will be free to determine the median price, the intention is to do so under the circulation gap is narrowing, the flow of drugs to reduce intermediate costs, but in practice, in the circulation of unfair, improper price competition still exist, and this also to the supervision of the price of drugs has brought greater difficulty. Fundamentally speaking, the price of drugs does not regulate prices in China's market environment, a sound legal system and social interaction unhealthy trends in the results of price management policy itself is not the result of more than simply rely on management to control prices, depend on speeding up drug production and circulation system and other reforms for the matching. Under the existing system, the competent government departments need to continuously improve the management system of drug prices and ways of strengthening the management of scientific drug prices, the price of drugs and monitoring system of notification system enhance transparency. At the same time improving pharmaceuticals centralized bidding procurement system, and use the results of research on drug economics, and improve the management of drug prices. Therefore, actively promote the reform of the price of drugs and building scientific and standardized drug prices regulation policy, improve the management of the price of drugs is extremely important. In this paper, the comparative method, historical analysis and other methods to medicines different from other commodities starting with the special economic attributes of the drug price regulation system on the necessity of reality. Based on our review of the pharmaceutical price regulation system on the basis of analysis of the management of China's drug prices are the main problems, through our system of drug price regulation revealed the existence of defects in the current system of drug price regulation system defects exist. Finally, we developed drug prices by introducing regulatory measures and the experience of the system and, in conjunction with China's national conditions were compared, by improving the regulation of drug prices some of the suggestions on China's rational allocation of medical resources, and promote the healthy development of the pharmaceutical industry has played a important significance. However, the price of drugs, after all, the reform process is a long and tortuous. We hope the market environment norms and the change of government functions, as well as the health care system of progressive reform. China will continue to push forward as long as the root cause and symptoms of supporting the reform process, the development of scientific and standardized system of drug price regulation policy, the price of drugs Construction reasonable regulation system, and further improve the supervision and management of drug prices, drug prices down prices on the status quo must be changed, then the benefit of the people.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2025-11-27
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