试论网络空间隐私权的法律保护

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归属院系：

民商法学院（知识产权学院）

作者：

傅惟惟

导师：

杨佳红

导师单位：

民商法学院（知识产权学院）

学位：

硕士

语种：

中文

关键词：

隐私权;网络隐私权;法律保护

摘要：

二十一世纪初，随着计算机和网络技术的迅猛发展和广泛运用，人类 迈入网络时代。网络空间在给人类带来无数便捷和利益的同时，也给隐私 权保护带来巨大的挑战。现在，凭借高科技手段，对他人隐私的获取和侵 犯变得轻而易举，网络空间的隐私权比物理空间的隐私权更难设防，更难 控制，这已经是不争的事实，也使得网络空间的个人隐私受到前所未有的 严峻挑战。这种状况已经严重阻碍了电子商务和信息经济的进一步发展。 强化对网络空间的个人数据和隐私权的法律保护，已成为国际社会立法的 当务之急。本文首先探讨了隐私、隐私权的基本涵义，引出网络隐私权的 内容和保护领域：隐私是一种具有主观性的不欲为他人所知的关于私人生 活的事实，分为三种形态：一是个人信息，为无形隐私；二是个人私事， 为动态隐私；三是个人领域，为有形隐私；而“隐私权”，作为个人有独处 的权利（the right to be let alone），虽然已为多数国家所承认，但时至今日， 国内外学者们对隐私权概念的界定仍有不同的意见，主要有将隐私权作为 一种消极的、被动的权利的消极说，将隐私权作为一种能动的、积极的权 利的控制说，两种主要学说从不同的方面诠释了隐私权这一概念。随着信 息时代的来临和因特网的广泛应用，网络空间隐私权的概念带着深刻的时 代烙印而生，其主要是指“公民在网上享有的私人生活安宁与私人信息依 法受到保护，不被他人非法侵犯、知悉、搜集、复制、公开和利用的一种 人格权；也指禁止在网上泄露某些与个人有关的敏感信息，包括事实、图 象、以及毁损的意见等”。网络隐私权保护的急迫性源于网上对他人隐私 权日益严重的侵犯：未经他人许可，擅自通过因特网站上自己或他人的主 页，将特定的他人隐私公之于众，或擅自通过向他人发送 Email 的方式张 扬特定他人的隐私，情节恶劣，后果严重的行为。目前因特网上对他人隐 私权的侵害主要存在于以下几种情形中：一是网站对个人信息的侵害，如 网站在未经授权的情况下就制作了用户的档案，记录用户的电子邮件地址 和网上购物习惯，甚至许多网站违背合理利用顾客个人资料以及不与任何 第三方共享顾客个人信息的承诺，通过出售顾客的隐私资料获利，更恶劣 的是新兴的网络窥探业务，使得任何机构和个人只用支付低廉的费用都可 以获取他人详细的个人资料；二是设备供应商的侵权行为，有些软硬件厂 商在自己销售的产品中埋下伏笔，对消费者的隐私进行收集；三是电子邮件、网络广告中的个人隐私问题，未加密的邮件信息都很容易被服务提供 商偷看，并被服务提供商轻而易举地浏览进入其服务器的邮件包，网络公 司则为获取广告和经济效益，将用户资料大量泄露给广告商，而后者则通 过跟踪程序或发放电子广告邮件的形式来“关注”你；四是电子商务中的隐 私权问题，电子商务的兴起改变了传统的交易关系，对维护公民隐私权提 出了新的挑战。在个人数据收集、个人数据二次开发利用、个人数据交易 等环节都可能产生侵犯公民隐私权的问题；五是雇主对雇员隐私权的侵 犯，雇员网上浏览冲浪、聊天、发送电子邮件等行为甚至邮件的内容都可 能被雇主通过监视系统拦截获悉甚而利用；六是黑客的攻击，黑客们通过 非授权的登录攻击他人计算机系统，窃取网络用户的私人信息，从而引发 了个人数据隐私权保护的法律问题。以上现象揭示了保护网络隐私权的迫 切性与必要性。因此，对着随着信息科技的发展，世界各国越来越重视对 网络隐私权的保护，一是在理论上对网络隐私权进行研究，二是在司法上 对网络隐私权保护呈加强趋势，因为保护网络隐私权小从推动推动电子商 务发展，大至推动人类文明进步，显然具有深刻的社会及现实意义。本文 在借鉴世界主要国家保护公民隐私权的经验与做法的基础上，学习了在网 络隐私权方面的欧美、香港等国家地区的先进立法例，探讨了当前各国网 络隐私的保护模式：立法保护模式、行业自律模式、软件保护模式，分析 了全球网络隐私权保护的共同特点：立法规制逐渐成为保护网络隐私权的 基本模式，保护网络隐私权的标准日趋接近。然后，针对我国网络隐私权 保护的现状：网络隐私权还没有成为我国法律体系中一个独立的价格权， 对网络隐私权的保护以及侵害网络隐私权的诉讼也没有形成专门的法律 制度，远未形成完整的网络隐私权法律制度，提出了我国网络隐私权法律 保护的对策及有关立法、司法建议，如速进行立法规制、积极推行行业自 律、建立专门的隐私保护委员会等，以期抛砖引玉，推动我国网络隐私权 理论研究的深入与法律保护的完善。

学科：

民商法学

提交日期：

2025-11-18

引用参考：

傅惟惟. 试论网络空间隐私权的法律保护[D]. 西南政法大学,2008.

全文附件授权许可：

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 试论网络空间隐私权的法律保护
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 2025tj133
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 傅惟惟
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 民商法学院（知识产权学院）
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2008
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 杨佳红
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 民商法学院（知识产权学院）
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 隐私权 ;网络隐私权 ;法律保护
  • dc.subject
  • private right; the private right in cyberspace;legal protections
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 二十一世纪初，随着计算机和网络技术的迅猛发展和广泛运用，人类 迈入网络时代。网络空间在给人类带来无数便捷和利益的同时，也给隐私 权保护带来巨大的挑战。现在，凭借高科技手段，对他人隐私的获取和侵 犯变得轻而易举，网络空间的隐私权比物理空间的隐私权更难设防，更难 控制，这已经是不争的事实，也使得网络空间的个人隐私受到前所未有的 严峻挑战。这种状况已经严重阻碍了电子商务和信息经济的进一步发展。 强化对网络空间的个人数据和隐私权的法律保护，已成为国际社会立法的 当务之急。本文首先探讨了隐私、隐私权的基本涵义，引出网络隐私权的 内容和保护领域：隐私是一种具有主观性的不欲为他人所知的关于私人生 活的事实，分为三种形态：一是个人信息，为无形隐私；二是个人私事， 为动态隐私；三是个人领域，为有形隐私；而“隐私权”，作为个人有独处 的权利（the right to be let alone），虽然已为多数国家所承认，但时至今日， 国内外学者们对隐私权概念的界定仍有不同的意见，主要有将隐私权作为 一种消极的、被动的权利的消极说，将隐私权作为一种能动的、积极的权 利的控制说，两种主要学说从不同的方面诠释了隐私权这一概念。随着信 息时代的来临和因特网的广泛应用，网络空间隐私权的概念带着深刻的时 代烙印而生，其主要是指“公民在网上享有的私人生活安宁与私人信息依 法受到保护，不被他人非法侵犯、知悉、搜集、复制、公开和利用的一种 人格权；也指禁止在网上泄露某些与个人有关的敏感信息，包括事实、图 象、以及毁损的意见等”。网络隐私权保护的急迫性源于网上对他人隐私 权日益严重的侵犯：未经他人许可，擅自通过因特网站上自己或他人的主 页，将特定的他人隐私公之于众，或擅自通过向他人发送 Email 的方式张 扬特定他人的隐私，情节恶劣，后果严重的行为。目前因特网上对他人隐 私权的侵害主要存在于以下几种情形中：一是网站对个人信息的侵害，如 网站在未经授权的情况下就制作了用户的档案，记录用户的电子邮件地址 和网上购物习惯，甚至许多网站违背合理利用顾客个人资料以及不与任何 第三方共享顾客个人信息的承诺，通过出售顾客的隐私资料获利，更恶劣 的是新兴的网络窥探业务，使得任何机构和个人只用支付低廉的费用都可 以获取他人详细的个人资料；二是设备供应商的侵权行为，有些软硬件厂 商在自己销售的产品中埋下伏笔，对消费者的隐私进行收集；三是电子邮件、网络广告中的个人隐私问题，未加密的邮件信息都很容易被服务提供 商偷看，并被服务提供商轻而易举地浏览进入其服务器的邮件包，网络公 司则为获取广告和经济效益，将用户资料大量泄露给广告商，而后者则通 过跟踪程序或发放电子广告邮件的形式来“关注”你；四是电子商务中的隐 私权问题，电子商务的兴起改变了传统的交易关系，对维护公民隐私权提 出了新的挑战。在个人数据收集、个人数据二次开发利用、个人数据交易 等环节都可能产生侵犯公民隐私权的问题；五是雇主对雇员隐私权的侵 犯，雇员网上浏览冲浪、聊天、发送电子邮件等行为甚至邮件的内容都可 能被雇主通过监视系统拦截获悉甚而利用；六是黑客的攻击，黑客们通过 非授权的登录攻击他人计算机系统，窃取网络用户的私人信息，从而引发 了个人数据隐私权保护的法律问题。以上现象揭示了保护网络隐私权的迫 切性与必要性。因此，对着随着信息科技的发展，世界各国越来越重视对 网络隐私权的保护，一是在理论上对网络隐私权进行研究，二是在司法上 对网络隐私权保护呈加强趋势，因为保护网络隐私权小从推动推动电子商 务发展，大至推动人类文明进步，显然具有深刻的社会及现实意义。本文 在借鉴世界主要国家保护公民隐私权的经验与做法的基础上，学习了在网 络隐私权方面的欧美、香港等国家地区的先进立法例，探讨了当前各国网 络隐私的保护模式：立法保护模式、行业自律模式、软件保护模式，分析 了全球网络隐私权保护的共同特点：立法规制逐渐成为保护网络隐私权的 基本模式，保护网络隐私权的标准日趋接近。然后，针对我国网络隐私权 保护的现状：网络隐私权还没有成为我国法律体系中一个独立的价格权， 对网络隐私权的保护以及侵害网络隐私权的诉讼也没有形成专门的法律 制度，远未形成完整的网络隐私权法律制度，提出了我国网络隐私权法律 保护的对策及有关立法、司法建议，如速进行立法规制、积极推行行业自 律、建立专门的隐私保护委员会等，以期抛砖引玉，推动我国网络隐私权 理论研究的深入与法律保护的完善。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • At the beginning of 21st century with the rapid development and wild application of the computers and the cyberspace technologies the human come to the internet ages. And the cyberspace gives many conveniences and benefits to the mankind while it also gives the protection of the private right a large challenge. Nowadays with the high technological measures to hack and access the privates of others becomes more and more easier and the private rights in cyberspace are difficult to be guarded and controlled than in the real world, which is an undoubted fact and the unprecedented austere defiance to the individual’s private in cyberspace. All these above have already obstructed the further development of the electrical business and the information economic seriously. So the enforcements about the legal protections of the private data and the private rights in this space have become the most pressing legislation in the international society. and this dissertation firstly gives a basic definition of the private and the private right which introduced the contents about the private right in cyberspace and the protections: the private is these facts which are the someone’s individual secret livings that do not desire to be discovered by other subjectively and these facts would be shaped into three types: one is the individual’s information as the invisible private; two is the individual’s business as the mobile private; and three is the space of individual as the visible private. Therefore the private right as the right to be let alone is acknowledged by almost countries around world, however there are a lot disputes and discords by the foreign and domestic academia over the concept of the private right today that some regarded it as the conservative theory of a negative, inactivate right and the others taken the right of private as the controlling theory of a positive, activate right, which are the two major interpretations on this concept from the diversity aspects. With the coming of the information times and the wild applications of the internet, the concept of the private right in cyberspace with the outstanding brand of tines that is mainly indicated as the following words, “the citizens have the personal right of the individual tranquilities and the private information protections in the internet without the invasions, hacking, illegal researching, collections, duplication and the usages meanwhile the obligations of the others that do not 2 discover the sensitive information concerning to a certain individual in webs that are including the facts, the images and the rumors or insulting words and so on”. The emergency of the protection over the right of private in cyberspace is originated from the increasing invasions which are the discoveries of the specified person’s privates through someone’s own or other’s webs without the permissions or the transfers about the certain privates by the E-mails with the serious motives and bed results. At present the invasions to the right of private are the following cases: one is that the invasion of the website to the personal information such as the files-making, the digital records of E-mail dresses and the customs of shopping without permissions, the selling and providing actions of the website to the any third person for the interests and benefits against the contracts of the promises to protect the individual information and the private materials and the worst thing is that the “new-born” business for hacking the other’s specified information by the very low prices of any organizations and persons.; two is that the torts by the services suppliers that some of the hardware and software suppliers set the traps when they sells their products to collect the private information for consumers; three is the private problems over the E-mails and web advertisements that the unlocked mails would be easy for the suppliers to peep and to hack into the other exploring mail packages and the web advertisers would get the ads and economic benefits form the leakages of the consumers’ information to the advertisers who could “lock down” you by the hacking programs and web-ads; four is the private problems in the digital business which changed the traditional relationship of transactions and raised the new challenges to the citizen’s private right and the violations of the citizens’ private rights would be happened in the areas of the collections, the second collections and the transfers of the personal data and such the serial chains; five is that the violations of the employers to the employees through the surfing, the chatting, the E-mails by blocking programs set by the employers in companies’ machines; six is the invasions of the hackers by the unauthorized logs into the other’s computer systems and access t the private information of the users which could trigger the legal issues of the protection of the individual data. All of these facts above exhibit the emergencies and necessities of the protections of the private right in cyberspace. Hereby with the development of the information technologies and the more focuses on the protections of individual’s information for the rights of autonomy and management, the private right in webs would be natural expanding of the traditional private right which is get more and more attentions and protection around the world which is concerning the two aspects: one is that the studies over the private right of cyberspace in theoretical area; two is the trends of the enforcements of these protections in the judicial area as the promoting of the development of digital business and the human civilizations which are the profound and significant social and practical meanings. So this paper is trying to explore the current models of the protection around the world based on the experiences and lessons of the protections of the private right in webs of the major states by the learning of the concerning legislations in the EU, America and HK of China which could be classified as the legislated model, the professional self-controls model and the software protection model. And the author also analyzes the common characters of the protections of the private right around the globe that are the legislated model becomes the basic one for the protections and more and more closer to the legal standard of the protections of private right in webs. Then the author gives some suggestions against the current legal protections in these areas in China that are including the following means: to from an independent right of price in the legal system of China for protection, to shape and improve a complete legal system for the private right in webs and accordingly to establish a specified legal procedures for the litigants of the invasions and violations of the private right in webs under the legal system and to raise the policies and relative legislated and judicial suggestions around these legal protections such as the ruling of the legislations, the self-controls by the professions actively and establishment of the special committee of the private right protections in order to make a reference to improve the deep studies and researches of the theories about the private right of cyberspace and the perfections of the legal protections.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2025-11-18
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