刑事附带民事诉讼精神损害赔偿制度的研究

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归属院系:

法学院

作者:

张学莉

导师:

黄宣

导师单位:

法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

附带民事诉讼;精神损害赔偿;诉讼制度;构建

摘要:

随着市场经济的发展和人权观念的演进,精神损害赔偿制度越来越受到人们的重视。但是,现行立法对精神损害赔偿制度的规定却极不完善,现行法律规定在民事诉讼中可以请求精神损害赔偿,但在刑事附带民事诉讼中,对犯罪行为给被害人带来的巨大的精神损害赔偿却未做规定,对此理论界也存在很大的争议,这导致了司法的混乱。尤其是因犯罪行为而遭受精神损害的被害人是否有权要求精神损害赔偿的问题,已成为许多人关注的焦点。笔者也同意在犯罪行为中被害人有权获得精神损害赔偿的观点,并通过本文加以阐明。 全文除前言和结语之外,正文共分三大部分,共3万余字。 第一大部分是刑事附带民事精神损害赔偿诉讼的基本原理。从三个方面着手进行了细致分析,第一方面是精神损害赔偿的基本范畴,通过将精神损害赔偿含义的狭义说和广义说分别列举,阐明了精神损害、精神损害赔偿的基本含义,认为精神损害赔偿是指民事主体因其人身权利受到不法侵害,使其人格利益和身份利益受到损害或受到精神痛苦,要求侵权人通过财产赔偿等方法进行救济和保护的民事法律制度;还分析了精神损害赔偿在损害赔偿法中的独特性质,包括作用多元性,存在独立性,存在单一性,赔偿请求专属性和赔偿请求易于消灭性;并对精神损害的范围予以明确界定,认为根据最高人民法院《关于确定民事侵权精神损害赔偿问题的解释》之规定,精神损害赔偿的范围应包括以下四种情形:一是侵害他人生命、健康、身体、姓名、肖像、名誉、荣誉、人身自由等人格权,造成他人精神损害的,二是侵犯监护身份权非法使被监护人脱离监护,给监护人造成精神损害的,三是侵害死者人格权或非法利用、侵害遗体、遗骨、给死者近亲属造成精神损害的,四是灭失或毁损他人具有象征意义的特定纪念品而造成精神损害的;此外在对我国乃至其他国家当前刑事附带民事精神损害赔偿的相关规定认真了解基础上,得出精神损害赔偿制度的起源,仔细分析了该制度在我国的现状,认为我国目前关于精神损害赔偿的理论研究及实务上的立法探索,与法律保护人格权的目标尚有不少差距,尤其是刑事附带民事诉讼中的精神损害赔偿问题,无论是立法还是实践,一直处于法律的“真空”地带。第二方面提出了确立刑事附带民事精神损害赔偿诉讼的理论依据,不论大陆法系国家,还是英美法系国家的刑事立法, 2 都认为被害人有权要求精神损害赔偿。第三方面归纳总结了外国刑事附带民事精神损害赔偿诉讼的立法概况。 第二大部分是我国刑事附带民事精神损害赔偿诉讼的现实分析。运用大量的研究理论、调查事实和司法实践案例,和前一个问题从原理入手不同的是,从现实角度,客观地对刑事附带民事精神损害赔偿的条件进行了论述,首先较完整的总结了我国刑事附带民事诉讼精神损害赔偿制度缺失的原因及相关法律规定的立法状况,分别是刑诉法的规定与民事法律规定出现冲突、对不同程度的精神损害是否赔偿适用法律出现混乱、可能会造成被害人对诉权的不同处分会有不同结果出现的情形以及向犯罪人以外的人提起精神损害赔偿会造成事实上不公平;其次对刑事附带民事精神损害赔偿理论状况展开了细致说明,笔者认为在我国确立刑事附带民事精神损害赔偿制度的法学理论原因主要有精神损害赔偿是权利救济原则的必然要求、确立附带民事诉讼中的精神损害赔偿制度有利于体现公权对私权的特殊保护、附带民事责任与民事责任的协调统一是我国法律体系一致性的基本需要、司法实践迫切需要刑事精神赔偿的立法依据而且国外已有刑事精神损害赔偿的立法先例,为了更深入的说明笔者的观点,又分别将五个原因的涵义在论文中做了归纳;再次引用了几个典型案例,都是被害人遭受了巨大的精神痛苦却得不到任何补偿,致使受害人的人格权无法得到保护,更加贴切地印证了论点。在这个问题中,笔者从立法和理论以及实践状况上深刻阐述了刑事附带民事诉讼应有精神损害赔偿的理由和依据。 本文的第三大部分是我国刑事附带民事精神损害赔偿诉讼制度的构建。笔者结合国外先进立法理论、经验、成功判例和我国实际,提出了构建刑事附带民事诉讼的精神损害赔偿制度的建议和具体作法,认为应当调整相关的法律法规,将精神损害赔偿制度纳入刑事附带民事诉讼程序;同时提出了应注意的几个问题,如确立该制度需要遵循的基本原则,分别是赔偿法定原则、因果关系原则、补充适用原则、自由裁量原则、适用严格过错原则和公序良俗原则;还说明了刑事附带民事诉讼中请求精神损害赔偿的范围,笔者认为,对赔偿范围应吸收德国、瑞士的做法,采取限制原则,在刑事诉讼中,应局限在人身权的范畴,要与人身有密切关系,对侵犯财产犯罪的应排除在外,因为侵害自然人的财产权,可能会导致精神损害,但是一般不需要用精神损害赔偿制度加以救济,而可以用财产制度加以救济;确定了刑事附带民事诉讼精神损害赔偿的权利人,即哪几类人可以请求精神损害赔偿,包括因被告人的犯罪行为遭受损失的被害人、被害人的近亲属及其法定代理人;此外对精神损害赔偿具体数额的确定原则也做了明确;最后提出将精神损害赔偿制度纳入刑事附带民事诉讼程序的同时,还应当建立完善的国家补偿、补助和社会救助制度,使被害人的人格权益得到更加完整的保护。

学科:

法律*

提交日期

2025-11-18

引用参考

张学莉. 刑事附带民事诉讼精神损害赔偿制度的研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2008.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 刑事附带民事诉讼精神损害赔偿制度的研究
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 05534110100130
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 张学莉
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2008
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 黄宣
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 附带民事诉讼;精神损害赔偿;诉讼制度;构建
  • dc.subject
  • Supplementary civil action in criminal proceedings ;Compensation for spiritual damages;Lawsuit system;;Construction
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 随着市场经济的发展和人权观念的演进,精神损害赔偿制度越来越受到人们的重视。但是,现行立法对精神损害赔偿制度的规定却极不完善,现行法律规定在民事诉讼中可以请求精神损害赔偿,但在刑事附带民事诉讼中,对犯罪行为给被害人带来的巨大的精神损害赔偿却未做规定,对此理论界也存在很大的争议,这导致了司法的混乱。尤其是因犯罪行为而遭受精神损害的被害人是否有权要求精神损害赔偿的问题,已成为许多人关注的焦点。笔者也同意在犯罪行为中被害人有权获得精神损害赔偿的观点,并通过本文加以阐明。 全文除前言和结语之外,正文共分三大部分,共3万余字。 第一大部分是刑事附带民事精神损害赔偿诉讼的基本原理。从三个方面着手进行了细致分析,第一方面是精神损害赔偿的基本范畴,通过将精神损害赔偿含义的狭义说和广义说分别列举,阐明了精神损害、精神损害赔偿的基本含义,认为精神损害赔偿是指民事主体因其人身权利受到不法侵害,使其人格利益和身份利益受到损害或受到精神痛苦,要求侵权人通过财产赔偿等方法进行救济和保护的民事法律制度;还分析了精神损害赔偿在损害赔偿法中的独特性质,包括作用多元性,存在独立性,存在单一性,赔偿请求专属性和赔偿请求易于消灭性;并对精神损害的范围予以明确界定,认为根据最高人民法院《关于确定民事侵权精神损害赔偿问题的解释》之规定,精神损害赔偿的范围应包括以下四种情形:一是侵害他人生命、健康、身体、姓名、肖像、名誉、荣誉、人身自由等人格权,造成他人精神损害的,二是侵犯监护身份权非法使被监护人脱离监护,给监护人造成精神损害的,三是侵害死者人格权或非法利用、侵害遗体、遗骨、给死者近亲属造成精神损害的,四是灭失或毁损他人具有象征意义的特定纪念品而造成精神损害的;此外在对我国乃至其他国家当前刑事附带民事精神损害赔偿的相关规定认真了解基础上,得出精神损害赔偿制度的起源,仔细分析了该制度在我国的现状,认为我国目前关于精神损害赔偿的理论研究及实务上的立法探索,与法律保护人格权的目标尚有不少差距,尤其是刑事附带民事诉讼中的精神损害赔偿问题,无论是立法还是实践,一直处于法律的“真空”地带。第二方面提出了确立刑事附带民事精神损害赔偿诉讼的理论依据,不论大陆法系国家,还是英美法系国家的刑事立法, 2 都认为被害人有权要求精神损害赔偿。第三方面归纳总结了外国刑事附带民事精神损害赔偿诉讼的立法概况。 第二大部分是我国刑事附带民事精神损害赔偿诉讼的现实分析。运用大量的研究理论、调查事实和司法实践案例,和前一个问题从原理入手不同的是,从现实角度,客观地对刑事附带民事精神损害赔偿的条件进行了论述,首先较完整的总结了我国刑事附带民事诉讼精神损害赔偿制度缺失的原因及相关法律规定的立法状况,分别是刑诉法的规定与民事法律规定出现冲突、对不同程度的精神损害是否赔偿适用法律出现混乱、可能会造成被害人对诉权的不同处分会有不同结果出现的情形以及向犯罪人以外的人提起精神损害赔偿会造成事实上不公平;其次对刑事附带民事精神损害赔偿理论状况展开了细致说明,笔者认为在我国确立刑事附带民事精神损害赔偿制度的法学理论原因主要有精神损害赔偿是权利救济原则的必然要求、确立附带民事诉讼中的精神损害赔偿制度有利于体现公权对私权的特殊保护、附带民事责任与民事责任的协调统一是我国法律体系一致性的基本需要、司法实践迫切需要刑事精神赔偿的立法依据而且国外已有刑事精神损害赔偿的立法先例,为了更深入的说明笔者的观点,又分别将五个原因的涵义在论文中做了归纳;再次引用了几个典型案例,都是被害人遭受了巨大的精神痛苦却得不到任何补偿,致使受害人的人格权无法得到保护,更加贴切地印证了论点。在这个问题中,笔者从立法和理论以及实践状况上深刻阐述了刑事附带民事诉讼应有精神损害赔偿的理由和依据。 本文的第三大部分是我国刑事附带民事精神损害赔偿诉讼制度的构建。笔者结合国外先进立法理论、经验、成功判例和我国实际,提出了构建刑事附带民事诉讼的精神损害赔偿制度的建议和具体作法,认为应当调整相关的法律法规,将精神损害赔偿制度纳入刑事附带民事诉讼程序;同时提出了应注意的几个问题,如确立该制度需要遵循的基本原则,分别是赔偿法定原则、因果关系原则、补充适用原则、自由裁量原则、适用严格过错原则和公序良俗原则;还说明了刑事附带民事诉讼中请求精神损害赔偿的范围,笔者认为,对赔偿范围应吸收德国、瑞士的做法,采取限制原则,在刑事诉讼中,应局限在人身权的范畴,要与人身有密切关系,对侵犯财产犯罪的应排除在外,因为侵害自然人的财产权,可能会导致精神损害,但是一般不需要用精神损害赔偿制度加以救济,而可以用财产制度加以救济;确定了刑事附带民事诉讼精神损害赔偿的权利人,即哪几类人可以请求精神损害赔偿,包括因被告人的犯罪行为遭受损失的被害人、被害人的近亲属及其法定代理人;此外对精神损害赔偿具体数额的确定原则也做了明确;最后提出将精神损害赔偿制度纳入刑事附带民事诉讼程序的同时,还应当建立完善的国家补偿、补助和社会救助制度,使被害人的人格权益得到更加完整的保护。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • With the development of market economy and gradual progress of human rights idea, the system of compensation for spiritual damages is paid attention to more and more by people. However, the current legislation is not extremely complete to the regulation of the system of compensation for spiritual damages, can ask for the compensation for spiritual damages in the civil action in current legal provisions, but in the criminal supplementary civil action in criminal proceedings, have not done the regulation to the enormous compensation for spiritual damages that the criminal offence brings to victim, for this the theory circle have heavy dispute too, and this lead the justice to a confusion. Especially, whether the victim who damaged by spirit because of criminal offence has the right to require the question of compensation for spiritual damages, have already become the focus that a lot of people have paid close attention to. I agree too the victim has the right to obtain the view of compensation for spiritual damages in the criminal offence, and expound through this thesis. At the beginning, this thesis through quoting the case that ever have stirred the whole country, a student of Yunnan University whose name is Ma Jiajue killed four classmates, the relatives of victims got the great spiritual agony and couldn’t speak, but has not got any compensation for spiritual damages, the first big issue is set about carrying on careful analysis from three respects to the criminal basic principle with civil spiritual damage, on one hand basic category of compensation for spiritual damages, through the enumeration of compensation for spiritual damages in narrow sense and broad sense, expound the basic meaning of the spiritual damage, compensation for spiritual damages, think the compensation for spiritual damages means the civil subject receives unlawful infringement because of its personal right, make its interests of personality and identity interests damage or receive the spiritual agony, civil legal system that the method of requiring infringers to compensate through the property etc. Administered relief and protected; have also analyzed the unique properties in damaging the compensation law of compensation for spiritual damages, including multi-function, and independence in existence. And the range damaged to spirit is defined clearly, think according to the regulation " about confirming and infringing the explanation of the question of compensation for spiritual damages civilly " of the Supreme People's Court, the range of compensation for spiritual damages should include the following four situations: First, encroach on personality right such as others' life, health, body, name, portrait, reputation, honor, freedom of person, ones that cause others' spirit to damage, second, infringe and guard identity right and is enabled illegally and broken away from and guarded by the guardian, ones that cause spiritual damage to guardian, third, encroach on the deads’ personality right or utilize, encroach on the remain, osseous remains, cause spiritual damage to close relatives of the dead illegally, fourth, lost or damaged others' particular souvenir with symbolic meaning caused spiritual damage; In addition understand the foundation about our country and even criminal relevant regulations of attaching civil compensation for spiritual damages at present of the other countries conscientiously, obtain the origin of the system of compensation for spiritual damages, the current situation in our country of this system of analysis carefully, think the legislation on theoretical research and practice about compensation for spiritual damages is explored at present in our country, the goal with the personality right of the legal protection still has much disparity, the question of compensation for spiritual damages in the especially criminal supplementary civil action in criminal proceedings, no matter legislate or practise, has been in " vacuum " of the law all the time. The second respect has proposed establishing the criminal theoretical foundation with civil spiritual damage suit, no matter continent law department country, Great Britain, American and French department criminal legislation of country, think the victim has the right to require the compensation for spiritual damages. Have summed up and summarized the criminal legislative overview of attaching the civil spiritual damage suit of foreign country in the third respect. The second isssue uses a large number of research theories, investigation fact and administration of justice to practise the case, a different one is to proceed with principle with the former question, describe the criminal condition with civil compensation for spiritual damages objectively from the realistic angle, the legislative states of the reason why more intact system of compensation for spiritual damages of criminal supplementary civil action in criminal proceedings of our country of summary lacks and relevant legal provisions at first, including punishment tell regulation and civil legal provisions conflict of appearing of law, damage the compensation applicable law and cause confusion to the spirit in various degree, may cause the victim to telling different punishment of right has situation that different results appear and the person to crime people to mention the compensation for spiritual damages can cause unfair in fact; Secondly has launched explaining carefully in attaching the theory state of civil compensation for spiritual damages criminally, I think that it is the inevitable requirement that relieves the principle of the right to mainly have compensation for spiritual damages to establish the criminal theory reason of law science with system of civil compensation for spiritual damages in our country, the system of compensation for spiritual damages established in the supplementary civil action in criminal proceedings helps to reflect the special protection of private right of common right, unify the basic needs that is the consistency of legal system of our country in coordination with civil liability and civil liability, practise legislative basis and legislative precedent that has already had criminal compensation for spiritual damages abroad needing criminal spiritual compensation urgently in administration of justice, for deeper explanation author's view, have summed up the meanings of five reasons in the thesis separately; Have quoted several typical cases again, all victims are but can't get any compensation by the enormous spiritual agony, cause the victim's personality right to be unable to be protected, has confirmed the argument more properly. In this question, I have explained reason and basis with compensation for spiritual damages of criminal supplementary civil action in criminal proceedings with the theory and practice state deeply from legislating. The third issue herein is a main content too, in order to carry out the thought of administration of the country according to law better, the legal precedent and reality of our country that I combine foreign advanced legislative theory, experience, succeed, have put forward the suggestion of constructing the criminal system of compensation for spiritual damages with civil action and concrete practice, think that should adjust the relevant laws and regulations, include the system of compensation for spiritual damages in attaching the civil contentious procedure criminally; Put forward several questions such as the basic principle that the need of establishing this system follows that should be paid attention to at the same time, including compensating for the legal principle, causality principle, supplementary applicable principling, principling of judging amount of freedom, rigorously enforcing the fault principle and good custom principle of common preface applicably; Have also explained the range of asking for compensation for spiritual damages in the criminal supplementary civil action in criminal proceedings, I think, should absorb the methods of Germany, Switzerland to compensation range, adopt the principle of limiting, in criminal suit, should confine to the category of the right of the person, should be closely linked to rights of the person, property crime should exclude to infringing, because of encroaching on the proprietary of the natural person, may lead to the fact spirit is damaged, but seldom need to relieve with the system of compensation for spiritual damages, and can relieve with the property system; Obligee who has fixed compensation for spiritual damages of criminal supplementary civil action in criminal proceedings, i.e. which kinds of persons can ask for the compensation for spiritual damages, including because the defendant's criminal offence suffers lost victim, the victim's close relatives and his legal representatives; In addition has done the definite principle of the concrete number of compensation for spiritual damages clearly; Propose finally that it is criminal while attaching the civil contentious procedure to include the system of compensation for spiritual damages in, should also set up the complete country and compensate, subsidize and succour the system in the society, make the victim's personality rights and interests get more intact protection.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2025-11-18
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