宋代路级监司职能考论

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作者:

张丽坤

导师:

曾代伟

导师单位:

行政法学院(纪检监察学院)

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

监司;路;职能;监察;司法

摘要:

宋代路级监司制度是一个很有特色的地方制度,其中的突出代表是路级机构的设置以及监司制度的实行,本文重点研究路级监司的司法及监察职能。宋代为了加强中央对地方的控制,在州上设置“路”,作为地方最高一级政权,路下分设府、州、军、监,而府州以下为县,县以下又有都保、大保、保等基层组织。宋代的路略同于唐代的道,带有监察区的性质。路设经略安抚使(南宋称帅司)掌管一路军政,设转运使(南宋称漕司)掌一路或数路财赋。宋时各州除必要的经费支出外,各种税收都经由转运使送交中央,其后转运使职权扩大,兼理边防、治安、钱粮、监察等项事务,成为府、州以上的行政长官。路设提点刑狱(南宋称宪司)掌司法,设提举常平使掌赈灾或盐铁专卖。上述四机关之间互不统率,互相监督,职权范围也无严格划分,都对皇帝直接负责,借以防止地方官权力独揽。因各路直接向朝廷负责,代表中央监察地方州县,故路一级机构又被称为监司,是中央在地方划定的最高监察区。宋代的路级监司由转运司、提点刑狱司、提举常平司构成。监司的职能主要包括监察及司法。监察的职能主要是指“临按一路,寄耳目之任,专刺举之权”,刺举的对象大致包括贪赃枉法者、不尽职不尽责者、昏庸无能、年老病弱和怠惰政务者、残害百姓者等等,实现监司监查职能的一个重要制度是监司巡检制,充分体现了监察工作的特点,成为了构建多层次监察网络的重要一环。宋代的路具有监察区向行政区过渡的性质,所以不单单只有监察职责,监司的另一主要职能是司法职能,具体的工作纲要为:“所至专察视囚禁,审详案牍。州郡不得迎送聚会。所部每旬具囚系犯由,讯鞠次第申报,常检举催督。在系淹久者,即驰往案问。出入人罪者,移牒复勘,劾官吏以闻。诸色词讼、逐州断遣不当,已经转运使批断未允者,并收接施行。官吏贪浊弛慢者,具名以闻,敢有庇匿,并当加罪。”司法职能各司兼有,但以提刑司为主,而提刑司的司法功能又主要体现在对刑事案件检查与勘验的一系列司法行为中。宋代的中央与地方二级监察体制是一个创造性的发展,它与提刑司在检验制度中的进步一起,对此后的监察及司法制度的长远发展影响巨大,即致明清,仍有延续,即便在今天看来仍有许多值得借鉴之处,发人深省。

学科:

法律史学

提交日期

2025-11-18

引用参考

张丽坤. 宋代路级监司职能考论[D]. 西南政法大学,2009.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 宋代路级监司职能考论
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20060301020076
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 张丽坤
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 行政法学院(纪检监察学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2009
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 曾代伟
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 行政法学院(纪检监察学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 监司;路;职能;监察;司法
  • dc.subject
  • Division Supervisor;Road District;Functions;Monitoring;Justice
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 宋代路级监司制度是一个很有特色的地方制度,其中的突出代表是路级机构的设置以及监司制度的实行,本文重点研究路级监司的司法及监察职能。宋代为了加强中央对地方的控制,在州上设置“路”,作为地方最高一级政权,路下分设府、州、军、监,而府州以下为县,县以下又有都保、大保、保等基层组织。宋代的路略同于唐代的道,带有监察区的性质。路设经略安抚使(南宋称帅司)掌管一路军政,设转运使(南宋称漕司)掌一路或数路财赋。宋时各州除必要的经费支出外,各种税收都经由转运使送交中央,其后转运使职权扩大,兼理边防、治安、钱粮、监察等项事务,成为府、州以上的行政长官。路设提点刑狱(南宋称宪司)掌司法,设提举常平使掌赈灾或盐铁专卖。上述四机关之间互不统率,互相监督,职权范围也无严格划分,都对皇帝直接负责,借以防止地方官权力独揽。因各路直接向朝廷负责,代表中央监察地方州县,故路一级机构又被称为监司,是中央在地方划定的最高监察区。宋代的路级监司由转运司、提点刑狱司、提举常平司构成。监司的职能主要包括监察及司法。监察的职能主要是指“临按一路,寄耳目之任,专刺举之权”,刺举的对象大致包括贪赃枉法者、不尽职不尽责者、昏庸无能、年老病弱和怠惰政务者、残害百姓者等等,实现监司监查职能的一个重要制度是监司巡检制,充分体现了监察工作的特点,成为了构建多层次监察网络的重要一环。宋代的路具有监察区向行政区过渡的性质,所以不单单只有监察职责,监司的另一主要职能是司法职能,具体的工作纲要为:“所至专察视囚禁,审详案牍。州郡不得迎送聚会。所部每旬具囚系犯由,讯鞠次第申报,常检举催督。在系淹久者,即驰往案问。出入人罪者,移牒复勘,劾官吏以闻。诸色词讼、逐州断遣不当,已经转运使批断未允者,并收接施行。官吏贪浊弛慢者,具名以闻,敢有庇匿,并当加罪。”司法职能各司兼有,但以提刑司为主,而提刑司的司法功能又主要体现在对刑事案件检查与勘验的一系列司法行为中。宋代的中央与地方二级监察体制是一个创造性的发展,它与提刑司在检验制度中的进步一起,对此后的监察及司法制度的长远发展影响巨大,即致明清,仍有延续,即便在今天看来仍有许多值得借鉴之处,发人深省。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Song Dynasty Lu grade supervising system is a very unique system in place, the representative of one of the prominent institutions are the setting up of Lu grade, as well as monitoring the implementation of the Secretary for the system, this article focuses on the Lu supervisor of the Division for the administration of justice grade and monitoring functions. Song of the place in order to strengthen central control, in turn, set up "road" as a place of political power at the highest level, under the road is divided into government, state, military, prison, and state the following for the county government, county and have the following security, Great security, insurance and other grass-roots organizations. Great minds think Road Song of the Road in the Tang Dynasty, with the nature of the monitoring area. Set up by the road a little Anfushi (Southern Song Dynasty that handsome Division) in charge of the military all the way, for transshipment to make (it is said to be Cao Secretary in the Southern Song Dynasty) in charge of one road or all the ways in scot matters. Song states in addition to the necessary expenditure, the various taxes are through the transport to make to the Central, followed by the expansion of transit so that the terms of reference, and the rationale for the border, security,money and provision to monitor other items of affairs, as a government, the state more than the Chief Executive. Reference point for road cases (Kenji said the Southern Song Dynasty) in charge of the administration of justice, set up to enable lifting Changping monopoly in charge of disaster relief or Salt and Iron. Between the four above-mentioned non-lead agencies, mutual supervision, in strict terms of reference and no division is directly responsible for all of the emperor in order to prevent a monopoly of power by local officials. Because each is responsible directly to the court, on behalf of the central place to monitor the County, the road level institutions also known as the supervisor of the Division, is designated the central authorities at the highest place to monitor the area. Song class road transport Division Supervisor Division and advises the Secretary criminal case, Changping lifting Secretary constitute. The main functions of supervisor of the Division, including monitoring and administration of justice. The main function of monitoring is "Pro by the way, to send the eyes and ears of the term, the right to give Spurs", gill give more or less, including the target of corrupt persons, not due diligence is not responsible, the fatuous and incompetent, the elderly sick and lazy the Chief, the people who harm and so on, the Secretary for inspection supervisor implementation of an important system functions are Division patrol supervisor system, fully embodies the characteristics of the surveillance has become a multi-level monitoring network to build an important link. Song of the road for monitoring the area of the nature of the transition to the SAR, so not only to monitor duty only to monitor the Division's other main function of the judicial function, the specific outline for the job: "The place criminal officers reached specifically examine imprisoned in detail the case of pre-trial correspondence. State County may not meet the protocol.The followed departments of prisoners committed by per year, one after another hearing to declare often urge the Governor to report. a long time at the Department of flooding, that is the case needed to be questioned. People from crime, and rehabilitation shift dispatch survey, impeach officials to hear. All the words of First Instance of-color, off-by-state removal improper transfer has not been allowed to break so that those who approved, and the purposes of receiving. Turbidimetry corrupt officials slow relaxation, and anonymous to hear, dare to have shelter Punic, and add the crime of when. "Judicial the functions of both divisions, but mainly Criminal Secretary, and Secretary of the judicial function mainly in criminal cases in the inspection and examine a series of judicial conduct. Song of the central and local levels to monitor the system is a creative development, the Criminal Secretary at the progress of test system with this monitor and the judicial system after the long-term development of the enormous impact that caused the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there is still continuity , even if it appears in today, there are many lessons and thought-provoking.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2025-11-18
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