执行和解制度实证研究

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归属院系:

法学院

作者:

俞旭东

导师:

李龙

导师单位:

法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

执行和解;和解协议;性质;效力;既判力

摘要:

随着当事人意思自治在强制执行程序中的扩张,执行和解制度因其自 身的优势和现实意义,在民事执行中得到了广泛的运 用。它能够灵活、迅速地解决当事人之间的纠纷,有利于增进当事人之间的沟通与理解,减少社会不安定因素,使当事人的权益得到最终实现,使人民法院免于采取各种强制执行措施,既节约了司法资源和执行成本,又能使案件得以及时顺利的执行,因而,执行和解这一执行方式在执行实践中得到广泛应用和推广,也成为解决执行难的一种有力手段,具有重大的理论与实践价值,是我国民事强制执行中一项重要的制度。但随着执行和解适用率的上升,该 制度本身存在得诸多问题也日益凸显。由于 我国对执行和解的理论研究还比较薄弱,而国外也缺乏相关的理论研究和实践经验可以借鉴 致使现行立法对执行和解制度的规定不够完善、 制度设计上具有许多先天缺陷以及实务操作上存在 很多不规范的做法等 问题,导致在司法实践中该制度并未有效发挥其应有的功能。法院、当事人对执行和解的误解、误用和滥用, 造成司法实践中强制和解、和解协议兑现率低、重执率偏高、假和解、恶 意和解等和而不解等现象屡见不鲜, 出现了诸多令人遗憾的负面效果。因 此, 有必要在对该制度所存在的缺陷进行全面检讨的基础之上,探索提出完善该制度的重构之策。为此,笔者从执行和解的概念入手,通过对执行 和解本质、特征、法理基础、效力的分析,结合执行和解在司法实践中存 在的问题,分析立法上的缺陷和实务操作上的不足,提出对执行和解制度 规范和立法完善的构想,试图抛砖引玉,引起立法界的重视,促进问题尽 快解决。 本文共分为五部分 引言部分通过对执行和解制度概况的阐述,进而发现该制度内容上比 较简单,我国现行法律及司法解释关于执行和解的规定相当原则和笼统等 弊端,得出需要对该制度进行制度规范和立法完善的必要性,以适应现代 诉讼理念的发展。 第一部分 民事执行和解制度概述。笔者通过对目前理论界与实务界 对执行和解概念的不同理解和分歧的梳理,具体对执行和解中当事人达成 执行和解协议是否都以放弃权利或作出让步为前提、执行和解是否以变更 执行依据所确定的权利义务关系为条件、执行和解协议是否必须经执行机 2 构审查批准、执行和解的后果是终结执行还是中 构审查批准、执行和解的后果是终结执行还是中止执行四个方面进行分止执行四个方面进行分析,从而得出执行和解的概念。之后又对相关概念进行了比较研究,最后析,从而得出执行和解的概念。之后又对相关概念进行了比较研究,最后对执行和解的特征、适用条件和内容进行阐述。对执行和解的特征、适用条件和内容进行阐述。 第二部分 民事执行和解制度的诉讼法理。这一部分笔者阐述了民事执行和解制度法理基础、正当化根据、执行和解制度的各种功能。在该部法理基础、正当化根据、执行和解制度的各种功能。在该部分笔者认为,原生效法律文书既判力是具有诉讼法公法上的拘束力,但双分笔者认为,原生效法律文书既判力是具有诉讼法公法上的拘束力,但双方当事人可以以协议的方式就实体权利关系作出处分或变更,因为这属于方当事人可以以协议的方式就实体权利关系作出处分或变更,因为这属于民事实体法(私法)领域所支配的民事法律行为(私法行为)关系,与诉民事实体法(私法)领域所支配的民事法律行为(私法行为)关系,与诉讼法无关。执行和解制度具有能讼法无关。执行和解制度具有能够避免以暴力方式强制执行,能够降低执行风险,有效化解社会矛盾,促进社会和谐、优化诉讼环境、节约司法资源,提高执行效率利于减少涉执行的来信来访等现实意义。 第三部分 第三部分 执行和解的性质与执行和解协议的效力。对于执行和解的执行和解的性质与执行和解协议的效力。对于执行和解的性质问题,笔者认为,单纯认为执行和解是私法行为或公法行为,在认识性质问题,笔者认为,单纯认为执行和解是私法行为或公法行为,在认识上都有失偏颇。上都有失偏颇。执行和解应是一种特殊的执行方式,具有一定公法上的意义。由于对于执行和解持不同的观点导致对执行和解协议的效力产生不同的认识。笔者认为执行和解本身没有既判力,但是执行和解是具有拘束力笔者认为执行和解本身没有既判力,但是执行和解是具有拘束力和执行力。和执行力。 第四部分 我国司法实践中执行和解制度存在的问题和执行和解制我国司法实践中执行和解制度存在的问题和执行和解制度的立法缺陷度的立法缺陷。由于立法的不完善导致在司法实践中存在对执行和解协议。由于立法的不完善导致在司法实践中存在对执行和解协议效力认识不统一的矛盾、债权人与债务人地位不平等,当事人反悔和解协效力认识不统一的矛盾、债权人与债务人地位不平等,当事人反悔和解协议的法律后果明显失衡、执行和解过程中法院的定位不清、当事人和解的议的法律后果明显失衡、执行和解过程中法院的定位不清、当事人和解的次数、期限不明确及申请恢复执行期限不合理,申请恢复执行时法院何时次数、期限不明确及申请恢复执行期限不合理,申请恢复执行时法院何时恢复执行的期限没有限制、执行和解的案件适用范围不明确等问题大量存恢复执行的期限没有限制、执行和解的案件适用范围不明确等问题大量存在。在。 第五部分 第五部分 执行和解的法律规制与立法构想。这是本文的重点部分,执行和解的法律规制与立法构想。这是本文的重点部分,笔者通过对前文的阐述,对司法实践中存在的问题的细心梳理,有针对性笔者通过对前文的阐述,对司法实践中存在的问题的细心梳理,有针对性的提出了完善执行和解制度的立法缺陷、规范具体做法的构想,使这一制的提出了完善执行和解制度的立法缺陷、规范具体做法的构想,使这一制度能够发挥度能够发挥其应有功效,达到解决执行难问题,减少当事人之间的摩擦、其应有功效,达到解决执行难问题,减少当事人之间的摩擦、节约司法资源的目的。节约司法资源的目的。

学科:

法律*

提交日期

2025-11-18

引用参考

俞旭东. 执行和解制度实证研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2008.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 执行和解制度实证研究
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 05554130100615
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 俞旭东
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2008
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 李龙
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 执行和解 ;和解协议;性质;效力;既判力
  • dc.subject
  • Implementation of reconciliation ;Settlement Agreement;nature;effect of decision;Res judicata
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 随着当事人意思自治在强制执行程序中的扩张,执行和解制度因其自 身的优势和现实意义,在民事执行中得到了广泛的运 用。它能够灵活、迅速地解决当事人之间的纠纷,有利于增进当事人之间的沟通与理解,减少社会不安定因素,使当事人的权益得到最终实现,使人民法院免于采取各种强制执行措施,既节约了司法资源和执行成本,又能使案件得以及时顺利的执行,因而,执行和解这一执行方式在执行实践中得到广泛应用和推广,也成为解决执行难的一种有力手段,具有重大的理论与实践价值,是我国民事强制执行中一项重要的制度。但随着执行和解适用率的上升,该 制度本身存在得诸多问题也日益凸显。由于 我国对执行和解的理论研究还比较薄弱,而国外也缺乏相关的理论研究和实践经验可以借鉴 致使现行立法对执行和解制度的规定不够完善、 制度设计上具有许多先天缺陷以及实务操作上存在 很多不规范的做法等 问题,导致在司法实践中该制度并未有效发挥其应有的功能。法院、当事人对执行和解的误解、误用和滥用, 造成司法实践中强制和解、和解协议兑现率低、重执率偏高、假和解、恶 意和解等和而不解等现象屡见不鲜, 出现了诸多令人遗憾的负面效果。因 此, 有必要在对该制度所存在的缺陷进行全面检讨的基础之上,探索提出完善该制度的重构之策。为此,笔者从执行和解的概念入手,通过对执行 和解本质、特征、法理基础、效力的分析,结合执行和解在司法实践中存 在的问题,分析立法上的缺陷和实务操作上的不足,提出对执行和解制度 规范和立法完善的构想,试图抛砖引玉,引起立法界的重视,促进问题尽 快解决。 本文共分为五部分 引言部分通过对执行和解制度概况的阐述,进而发现该制度内容上比 较简单,我国现行法律及司法解释关于执行和解的规定相当原则和笼统等 弊端,得出需要对该制度进行制度规范和立法完善的必要性,以适应现代 诉讼理念的发展。 第一部分 民事执行和解制度概述。笔者通过对目前理论界与实务界 对执行和解概念的不同理解和分歧的梳理,具体对执行和解中当事人达成 执行和解协议是否都以放弃权利或作出让步为前提、执行和解是否以变更 执行依据所确定的权利义务关系为条件、执行和解协议是否必须经执行机 2 构审查批准、执行和解的后果是终结执行还是中 构审查批准、执行和解的后果是终结执行还是中止执行四个方面进行分止执行四个方面进行分析,从而得出执行和解的概念。之后又对相关概念进行了比较研究,最后析,从而得出执行和解的概念。之后又对相关概念进行了比较研究,最后对执行和解的特征、适用条件和内容进行阐述。对执行和解的特征、适用条件和内容进行阐述。 第二部分 民事执行和解制度的诉讼法理。这一部分笔者阐述了民事执行和解制度法理基础、正当化根据、执行和解制度的各种功能。在该部法理基础、正当化根据、执行和解制度的各种功能。在该部分笔者认为,原生效法律文书既判力是具有诉讼法公法上的拘束力,但双分笔者认为,原生效法律文书既判力是具有诉讼法公法上的拘束力,但双方当事人可以以协议的方式就实体权利关系作出处分或变更,因为这属于方当事人可以以协议的方式就实体权利关系作出处分或变更,因为这属于民事实体法(私法)领域所支配的民事法律行为(私法行为)关系,与诉民事实体法(私法)领域所支配的民事法律行为(私法行为)关系,与诉讼法无关。执行和解制度具有能讼法无关。执行和解制度具有能够避免以暴力方式强制执行,能够降低执行风险,有效化解社会矛盾,促进社会和谐、优化诉讼环境、节约司法资源,提高执行效率利于减少涉执行的来信来访等现实意义。 第三部分 第三部分 执行和解的性质与执行和解协议的效力。对于执行和解的执行和解的性质与执行和解协议的效力。对于执行和解的性质问题,笔者认为,单纯认为执行和解是私法行为或公法行为,在认识性质问题,笔者认为,单纯认为执行和解是私法行为或公法行为,在认识上都有失偏颇。上都有失偏颇。执行和解应是一种特殊的执行方式,具有一定公法上的意义。由于对于执行和解持不同的观点导致对执行和解协议的效力产生不同的认识。笔者认为执行和解本身没有既判力,但是执行和解是具有拘束力笔者认为执行和解本身没有既判力,但是执行和解是具有拘束力和执行力。和执行力。 第四部分 我国司法实践中执行和解制度存在的问题和执行和解制我国司法实践中执行和解制度存在的问题和执行和解制度的立法缺陷度的立法缺陷。由于立法的不完善导致在司法实践中存在对执行和解协议。由于立法的不完善导致在司法实践中存在对执行和解协议效力认识不统一的矛盾、债权人与债务人地位不平等,当事人反悔和解协效力认识不统一的矛盾、债权人与债务人地位不平等,当事人反悔和解协议的法律后果明显失衡、执行和解过程中法院的定位不清、当事人和解的议的法律后果明显失衡、执行和解过程中法院的定位不清、当事人和解的次数、期限不明确及申请恢复执行期限不合理,申请恢复执行时法院何时次数、期限不明确及申请恢复执行期限不合理,申请恢复执行时法院何时恢复执行的期限没有限制、执行和解的案件适用范围不明确等问题大量存恢复执行的期限没有限制、执行和解的案件适用范围不明确等问题大量存在。在。 第五部分 第五部分 执行和解的法律规制与立法构想。这是本文的重点部分,执行和解的法律规制与立法构想。这是本文的重点部分,笔者通过对前文的阐述,对司法实践中存在的问题的细心梳理,有针对性笔者通过对前文的阐述,对司法实践中存在的问题的细心梳理,有针对性的提出了完善执行和解制度的立法缺陷、规范具体做法的构想,使这一制的提出了完善执行和解制度的立法缺陷、规范具体做法的构想,使这一制度能够发挥度能够发挥其应有功效,达到解决执行难问题,减少当事人之间的摩擦、其应有功效,达到解决执行难问题,减少当事人之间的摩擦、节约司法资源的目的。节约司法资源的目的。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • With the party autonomy in the enforcement process of expansion and settlement system for the implementation of its own advantages and practical significance, in the imple mentation of the civil widely used. It can be flexible, fast solution to the dispute between the parties, will help enhance communication between the parties and understanding to reduce the social factors so that the rights and interests of the parti es to achieve so that the people's court from taking a variety of enforcement measures .T o save both the cost and implementation of judicial resources, will enable the cases to a sm ooth and timely implementation. A s a result, the implementation of reconciliation in the implementation of the implementation of the widely used practice and promotion, has also become difficult to resolve the implementation of a powerful means of great theoretical and practical value of China's civil enforcement is an important system. Howev er, with the implementation of the settlement applies to the rate of increase in the system itself, there is a lot of the problem has become more prominent. Since the implementation of the reconciliation of our theoretical research is still relatively weak , and there is a lack of foreign research relevant to the theory and practice can learn from the experience, with the result that the existing legislation on the implementation of the reconciliation system is not perfect, the system design with a number of birth defects a nd there are a lot of practice to operate non standard practices and other issues, leading to the judicial practice of the system is not effectively perform their proper function. Court, the parties on the implementation of the reconciliati on of misunderstanding, misuse and abuse, resulting in the judicial practice of forced settlement, the settlement agreement to honor the low rate, the rate of re enforcement on the high side, reconciliation false, malicious and reconciliation, and so on an d so on could not understand the phenomenon not uncommon, there have been many Unfortunately, the negative effects. Therefore, it is necessary in the system flaws to conduct a comprehensive review of the basis to explore the sound system made the reconstru ction strategy. To this end, the writer from the 2 implementation of the concept of reconciliation, and reconciliation through the implementation of the concept of reconciliation, and reconciliation through the implementation of the nature of the characteristics of the legal basis for the implementation of the nature of the characteristics of the legal basis for the analysis of the effect, combined with the implemanalysis of the effect, combined with the implementation of reconciliation in entation of reconciliation in the judicial practice of existing problems, analysis of the legislative the judicial practice of existing problems, analysis of the legislative shortcomings and tshortcomings and the lack of practical operation.he lack of practical operation. Put forward on the Put forward on the implementation of the reconciliation legislation to regulate and improve the implementation of the reconciliation legislation to regulate and improve the system osystem of ideas in an attempt to initif ideas in an attempt to initiate legislation arising attachate legislation arising attach great great importance to promote the issue resolved as soon as possible. importance to promote the issue resolved as soon as possible. This article is divided into five parts. This article is divided into five parts. Through the introduction to the implementation of the settlement system Through the introduction to the implementation of the settlement system on the profilon the profile, which found that the content of the system is relatively simple, e, which found that the content of the system is relatively simple, existing Chinese laws and judicial interpretations on the implementation of the existing Chinese laws and judicial interpretations on the implementation of the reconciliation of the very principles and general provisions, and other abuses reconciliation of the very principles and general provisions, and other abuses of the system need to come toof the system need to come to a system to regulate and improve legislation a system to regulate and improve legislation The need to adapt to the modern concept of litigation.The need to adapt to the modern concept of litigation. The first part of the civilian implementation of the system outlined in the The first part of the civilian implementation of the system outlined in the settlement. Through the current industry practice and theoretical circles on thsettlement. Through the current industry practice and theoretical circles on the e implementation of the concept of reconciliation and understanding of the implementation of the concept of reconciliation and understanding of the differences between the different sort, on the specific implementation of the differences between the different sort, on the specific implementation of the settlement reached by the parties in the implementation of the settlement settlement reached by the parties in the implementation of the settlement agreement is whether or not tagreement is whether or not to give up the right or to make concessions on the o give up the right or to make concessions on the premise that the implementation of reconciliation is to change based on the premise that the implementation of reconciliation is to change based on the implementation implementation ..As determined by the relationship between rights and As determined by the relationship between rights and obligations of the condition, whether or not the implementatiobligations of the condition, whether or not the implementation of the on of the settlement agreement must be approved by the executive body for examination settlement agreement must be approved by the executive body for examination and approval, the consequences of the implementation of reconciliation is the and approval, the consequences of the implementation of reconciliation is the end of the implementation of the suspension or the implementation of the four end of the implementation of the suspension or the implementation of the four aspects, so asaspects, so as to arrive at the implementation of the concept of reconciliation. to arrive at the implementation of the concept of reconciliation. Then related to the concept of a comparative study on the implementation of Then related to the concept of a comparative study on the implementation of the final reconciliation of the characteristics of the Content and application of the final reconciliation of the characteristics of the Content and application of the conditions set out.the conditions set out.The sec ond part of the implementation of the settlement system of civil procedure law grounds. The author describes this part of the implementation of the settlement system of civil legal basis of a legitimate basis for the implementation of the reconciliation of the various functions of the system. I believe that in that part of the original entry into force of res judicata is a legal instrument on the procedural law of public law binding, but both parties could be agreement on the relationship between the entiti es the right to make changes or actions, because this is a civil law (private law) in the area dominated by the Acts of civil law (private act) relationship has nothing to do with procedural law. Reconciliation with the implementation of the system to avoi d the use of violence to enforce, to reduce the risk of the implementation of effective community to resolve conflicts and promote social harmony and optimize the litigation environment and conservation of judicial resources, improve the efficiency of the implementation of the benefit related to the implementation of the reduction of letters and visits, such as practical significance. The third part of the implementation of the reconciliation of the nature and effectiveness of the implementation of the sett lement agreement. The implementation of the reconciliation of the nature of the problem. I believe that reconciliation is simply that the implementation of private law or public law, the understanding will be biased. Implementation of the reconciliation sh ould be a special way of the implementation of a certain public law. Since the implementation of the reconciliation for a different point of view lead to the implementation of the settlement agreement have a different effect. The author believes that the i mplementation of res judicata did reconciliation itself, but the implementation of the settlement is binding and execution. The fourth part of the judicial practice of China's implementation of the reconciliation system problems and implementation of the r econciliation of its legislative shortcomings. Due to inadequate legislation led to the existence of judicial practice in the implementation of the settlement agreement does not understand the effectiveness of the reunification of the conflict, the debtor and the creditor status inequality, the parties go back on the legal consequences of 4 the settlement agreement marked imbalance in the process of reconciliation in the settlement agreement marked imbalance in the process of reconciliation in the implementation of the court's position clear, the parties Reconciliation of the implementation of the court's position clear, the parties Reconciliation of the number, dthe number, duration and uncertainty to apply for reinstatement of the uration and uncertainty to apply for reinstatement of the unreasonable deadline to apply for reinstatement of the time when the court to unreasonable deadline to apply for reinstatement of the time when the court to resume the implementation period there is no restriction, the implementation resume the implementation period there is no restriction, the implementation of the reconciliation of the scope of the of the reconciliation of the scope of the case is not clear there are a large case is not clear there are a large number of other issues.number of other issues. The fi The fiffthth of the implementation of the settlement of legal regulations and of the implementation of the settlement of legal regulations and legislative ideas. This is the focus of this article, the author adopted the text on legislative ideas. This is the focus of this article, the author adopted the text on the former, the judicial practice ofthe former, the judicial practice of the problems that exist in the comb the problems that exist in the comb carefully, to focus on improving the implementation of the reconciliation of its carefully, to focus on improving the implementation of the reconciliation of its legislative deficiencies and standardize the practices of specific idlegislative deficiencies and standardize the practices of specific ideas, so that eas, so that the system can be the system can be ggiveiven n full play to its effectiveness, full play to its effectiveness, to address the difficult to address the difficult issue of implementation, reduce the friction between the parties, saving issue of implementation, reduce the friction between the parties, saving judicial resources.judicial resources.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2025-11-18
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