论民事诉讼新证据

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归属院系:

法学院

作者:

叶利民

导师:

李龙

导师单位:

法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

新的证据;举证时限;公正;效率;发现真实;规则

摘要:

证据随时提出主义和证据适时提出主义是民事诉讼举证的两种立法模式。《民事诉讼法》第一百二十五条第一款规定:“当事人可以在法庭上提出新的证据”。对证据的提出采随时提出主义,但对何谓新的证据未作明确规定,导致实务界和理论界对新的证据的界定出现模糊认识。2001年12月1日,最高人民法院颁布了《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》(以下简称《证据规定》),确立了我国民事诉讼的举证时限制度,实行了证据适时提出主义,对逾期提交的证据原则上作为失权证据,同时对“新的证据” 的几种情形作出规定,作为举证时限制度和证据失权的例外。证据适时提出主义的实行,有效遏止了当事人的证据突袭,防止了诉讼拖延,解决了民事诉讼中公正与效率的冲突和矛盾。同时,在新的证据的规定上,又最大限度地保障了实体公正和当事人的合法权益。但是,由于《证据规定》的抽象性、原则性规定毕竟无法穷尽审判实践中遇到的各种“新的证据”问题,导致法院在民事审判中对相关条文的理解与适用上也产生诸多问题。主要体现在新的证据认定标准的把握上。如果对新的证据认定标准把握得过宽,使原本不属于新的证据也能在举证时限届满后提出,违背了设立举证时限制度的初衷,举证时限的功效就会大为减损;如果对新的证据的标准把握过严,把对案件的关键事实起决定作用的证据排除适用,又会背离民事诉讼制度对实体公正的目标追求,使当事人的合法权益得不到应有的司法保护。本文从现行《证据规定》出发,结合国内外相关规定,试对民事诉讼中“新的证据”的理解与适用以及新的证据规则的缺陷与完善与大家共同探讨。 本文约5万字,除引言和结语外,正文共分四个部分,主要内容如下: 第一部分是新的证据概述,主要讨论新的证据的内涵、功能和分类,以及新的证据规则的内容和相关热点问题。强调“新的证据”就是对举证时限的价值补充,是证据适时提出主义的例外,其价值在于最大限度地实现法律的公正。 第二部分主要介绍不同法域关于新的证据的相关规定,重点介绍美国、法国、德国、日本和我国台湾地区关于新的证据的法律规定,并进行分析比较。从而得出结论,尽管两大法系对当事人提出证据都设置了期限,不允许当事人随时提出证据,但又都为逾期提出的证据预留了不同程度的 2 生存空间。 第三部分主要介绍我国现行《证据规定》中对新的证据的规定,分析存在的问题与缺陷,指出现行新的证据规定过于严苛,缺乏与之配套的相关制度,与我国法律传统,文化背景不相适应。 第四部分是立法完善构想。从我国法律传统、文化背景出发,分析构建和完善新的证据规则体系的必要性。结合我国实际,对完善我国的新的证据规则提出有关具体的立法建议。

学科:

法律*

提交日期

2025-11-18

引用参考

叶利民. 论民事诉讼新证据[D]. 西南政法大学,2008.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 论民事诉讼新证据
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 05334120101221
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 叶利民
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2008
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 李龙
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 新的证据;举证时限;公正;效率;发现真实;规则
  • dc.subject
  • new evidence;time limit of providing evidence; justice;efficiency;found true;rules
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 证据随时提出主义和证据适时提出主义是民事诉讼举证的两种立法模式。《民事诉讼法》第一百二十五条第一款规定:“当事人可以在法庭上提出新的证据”。对证据的提出采随时提出主义,但对何谓新的证据未作明确规定,导致实务界和理论界对新的证据的界定出现模糊认识。2001年12月1日,最高人民法院颁布了《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》(以下简称《证据规定》),确立了我国民事诉讼的举证时限制度,实行了证据适时提出主义,对逾期提交的证据原则上作为失权证据,同时对“新的证据” 的几种情形作出规定,作为举证时限制度和证据失权的例外。证据适时提出主义的实行,有效遏止了当事人的证据突袭,防止了诉讼拖延,解决了民事诉讼中公正与效率的冲突和矛盾。同时,在新的证据的规定上,又最大限度地保障了实体公正和当事人的合法权益。但是,由于《证据规定》的抽象性、原则性规定毕竟无法穷尽审判实践中遇到的各种“新的证据”问题,导致法院在民事审判中对相关条文的理解与适用上也产生诸多问题。主要体现在新的证据认定标准的把握上。如果对新的证据认定标准把握得过宽,使原本不属于新的证据也能在举证时限届满后提出,违背了设立举证时限制度的初衷,举证时限的功效就会大为减损;如果对新的证据的标准把握过严,把对案件的关键事实起决定作用的证据排除适用,又会背离民事诉讼制度对实体公正的目标追求,使当事人的合法权益得不到应有的司法保护。本文从现行《证据规定》出发,结合国内外相关规定,试对民事诉讼中“新的证据”的理解与适用以及新的证据规则的缺陷与完善与大家共同探讨。 本文约5万字,除引言和结语外,正文共分四个部分,主要内容如下: 第一部分是新的证据概述,主要讨论新的证据的内涵、功能和分类,以及新的证据规则的内容和相关热点问题。强调“新的证据”就是对举证时限的价值补充,是证据适时提出主义的例外,其价值在于最大限度地实现法律的公正。 第二部分主要介绍不同法域关于新的证据的相关规定,重点介绍美国、法国、德国、日本和我国台湾地区关于新的证据的法律规定,并进行分析比较。从而得出结论,尽管两大法系对当事人提出证据都设置了期限,不允许当事人随时提出证据,但又都为逾期提出的证据预留了不同程度的 2 生存空间。 第三部分主要介绍我国现行《证据规定》中对新的证据的规定,分析存在的问题与缺陷,指出现行新的证据规定过于严苛,缺乏与之配套的相关制度,与我国法律传统,文化背景不相适应。 第四部分是立法完善构想。从我国法律传统、文化背景出发,分析构建和完善新的证据规则体系的必要性。结合我国实际,对完善我国的新的证据规则提出有关具体的立法建议。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Doctrine of presentting evidence at anytime and submitting evdence timely are the two main legislative model in the proof of civil litigation. Under Article.125(1) of the China’s Civil Procedure Law , The parties may present new evidence during a court session. This section adpots the doctrine of present evidence at any time and does not define the term of “new evidence”. Practicers and theorists hold different views when interpreting the term of “new evidence”. In December 1, 2001,the Supreme People’s Court promulgated Several Provisions on the Evidence for Civil actions (hereinafter referred to as Evidence Provisions). The Evidence Provisions confrimed the time period for producing evidences system in the proof of civil litigation, and adpoted the doctrine of submitting evidence timely. Failure to produce evidences during the prescribed time period may lead the evidence invaild in principle. The Evidence Provisions provides some circumstances to the exception of the time period for producing evidences system and evidence invaild. The doctrine of submitting evidence timely effective limits parties present evidence at casually, avoids delay the litigation, resolve the conflicts between justice and efficient in the civil litigation, gives more protection for the parties’ legal rights and achieves substantival justice. However, the principal and nonfigurative evidence provisions are impossible to resolve all the problems faced during court proceeding. The courts face difficulties in the understanding when applying relevant sections. The main problem is the standard of new evidence. If the standard is too slack, the original intention and function of the time period for producing evidences system will be reduced because some evidences originally not refer to new evidences also can be produced after the expiration of the term for producing evidences. If the standard is too strict, the purpose of substantival justice can not be achieved and parties’ legal rights can not receive enough judicial protection. Under current “Evidence Provisions”, combine relvent provisions of China and other jurisdictions, this paper try to discuss the understanding and application of new evidence in the civil litigation, and defect and of 2 improvement of new evidence provisions. The paper has 50,000 words and consists of four parts except the prelude and the tag, which are as follows: PartⅠ.This part is new evidence outline. The main discussion is the connotation, function ,classification and the contents of the new proof ‘s rules, and related hot problem. Emphasize "new proof" is to offer as proof time limit of value complement, and is the exception of the submitting evidence timely. Its value lie in realization law’s fair in maximum. Part Ⅱ.This part introduces the legislation example of different law region on new evidence. Emphasis on the legal provisions on new evidence of USA, France, Germany, Japan and Taiwan. Analyses and compare with one another, then make the following conclusion: Although the two legal systems both set the time limit for litigant to provide evidence, not allow to provide evidence at anytime. But both allow to provide new evidence in special case. Part Ⅲ.This part mainly introduces the regulations of new evidence in Evidence Provisions . Analyses the problems and disadvantages of it. Points out that the current rules on new evidence are too much strict, without related system, doesn't fit in with the cultural background and legal tradition of China. Part Ⅳ. This part is the thought on perfecting legislation. Analyses the necessity of the construction and perfection of the new evidence rule system based on the cultural background and legal tradition of China. With our country's practice, raises some concrete suggestions on legislation about the new evidence rules .
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2025-11-18
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