上市公司关联方非经营性资金占用审计风险的识别与防范

Identification and prevention of audit risks of non-operating capital occupation by related parties-Multiple Case Studies

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作者:

党雅璇

导师:

淦未宇

导师单位:

商学院(监察审计学院)

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

关联方;非经营性资金占用;审计风险

摘要:

随着我国改革开放进入深水区,经济发展进入平台期,我国资本市场亟待进一步的规范。近年来,关联方通过各种手段占用上市公司资金占用行为已成为最常见的财务舞弊问题之一,严重扰乱了上市公司的经营活动,影响了资本市场的有序性。审计作为资本市场的“守门员”,本应对关联方资金占用起到审查和监督作用,但根据证监会及证券交易所披露的事务所处罚情况,因关联方非经营性资金占用审计失败受到处罚的事务所数量呈现了总体增长趋势,反映出这一领域较高的审计风险。非经营性资金占用受到法律法规的严格禁止,但其具备较强的隐蔽性和复杂性,审计人员难以通过常规手段防范风险。因此,本文认为有必要结合相关案例对关联方非经营性资金占用的审计风险进行研究,探究审计风险的识别和防范。鉴于非经营性资金占用手段多样,单一案例不足以囊括,本文采用了多案例分析法。首先,本文对上市公司关联方非经营性资金占用的概况进行总体描述,通过统计和分析2017年至2024年间涉及违规非经营性资金占用的上市公司及审计失败的事务所;归纳非经营性资金占用的主要模式和手段;梳理审计失败的主要表现。基于此,本文总结了关联方非经营性资金占用审计风险的影响因素。其次,本文基于非经营性资金占用手段、涉事性质的严重程度等考量,选取了瑞华会计师事务所-延安必康、中兴华会计师事务所-艾格拉斯、立信会计师事务所-德威新材三个关联方非经营性资金占用审计失败案例进行具体分析,通过对案例公司的背景及资金占用手段的研究,将案例公司的审计风险总结如下:(1)财务报表层次的重大错报风险主要包括控股股东的资金短缺压力、上市公司的股权结构缺陷、不符合商业合理性的经营活动以及上市公司复杂的关联关系;(2)认定层次的重大错报风险主要包括货币资金、预付账款、其他应收款等科目认定的异常波动;(3)检查风险主要包括审计人员未能保持职业怀疑,审计风险评估具有偏差以及审计程序的设计和执行不当等。 最后,针对上述审计风险,本文提出以下防范建议:针对重大错报风险,审计人员应当充分评估上市公司控股股东的资金状况,了解上市公司治理机制的有效性;关注上市公司的经营状况和财务状况是否符合商业合理性,并充分识别上市公司的关联关系。针对检查风险,审计人员应保持职业怀疑,设计和执行有效的审计程序,事务所则应加强事务所层面的审计质量控制,此外还要从多个层面提高审计人员的职业道德水平,从而帮助审计人员更好的应对审计风险,提高相关领域的审计质量。

提交日期

2025-07-02

引用参考

党雅璇. 上市公司关联方非经营性资金占用审计风险的识别与防范[D]. 西南政法大学,2025.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 上市公司关联方非经营性资金占用审计风险的识别与防范
  • dc.title
  • Identification and prevention of audit risks of non-operating capital occupation by related parties-Multiple Case Studies
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20220257000326
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 党雅璇
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 商学院(监察审计学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 审计硕士专业学位
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2025
  • dc.contributor.direction
  • 审计
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 淦未宇
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 商学院(监察审计学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 关联方,非经营性资金占用,审计风险
  • dc.subject
  • Related parties;Occupation of non-operating funds; Audit risk
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 随着我国改革开放进入深水区,经济发展进入平台期,我国资本市场亟待进一步的规范。近年来,关联方通过各种手段占用上市公司资金占用行为已成为最常见的财务舞弊问题之一,严重扰乱了上市公司的经营活动,影响了资本市场的有序性。审计作为资本市场的“守门员”,本应对关联方资金占用起到审查和监督作用,但根据证监会及证券交易所披露的事务所处罚情况,因关联方非经营性资金占用审计失败受到处罚的事务所数量呈现了总体增长趋势,反映出这一领域较高的审计风险。非经营性资金占用受到法律法规的严格禁止,但其具备较强的隐蔽性和复杂性,审计人员难以通过常规手段防范风险。因此,本文认为有必要结合相关案例对关联方非经营性资金占用的审计风险进行研究,探究审计风险的识别和防范。鉴于非经营性资金占用手段多样,单一案例不足以囊括,本文采用了多案例分析法。首先,本文对上市公司关联方非经营性资金占用的概况进行总体描述,通过统计和分析2017年至2024年间涉及违规非经营性资金占用的上市公司及审计失败的事务所;归纳非经营性资金占用的主要模式和手段;梳理审计失败的主要表现。基于此,本文总结了关联方非经营性资金占用审计风险的影响因素。其次,本文基于非经营性资金占用手段、涉事性质的严重程度等考量,选取了瑞华会计师事务所-延安必康、中兴华会计师事务所-艾格拉斯、立信会计师事务所-德威新材三个关联方非经营性资金占用审计失败案例进行具体分析,通过对案例公司的背景及资金占用手段的研究,将案例公司的审计风险总结如下:(1)财务报表层次的重大错报风险主要包括控股股东的资金短缺压力、上市公司的股权结构缺陷、不符合商业合理性的经营活动以及上市公司复杂的关联关系;(2)认定层次的重大错报风险主要包括货币资金、预付账款、其他应收款等科目认定的异常波动;(3)检查风险主要包括审计人员未能保持职业怀疑,审计风险评估具有偏差以及审计程序的设计和执行不当等。 最后,针对上述审计风险,本文提出以下防范建议:针对重大错报风险,审计人员应当充分评估上市公司控股股东的资金状况,了解上市公司治理机制的有效性;关注上市公司的经营状况和财务状况是否符合商业合理性,并充分识别上市公司的关联关系。针对检查风险,审计人员应保持职业怀疑,设计和执行有效的审计程序,事务所则应加强事务所层面的审计质量控制,此外还要从多个层面提高审计人员的职业道德水平,从而帮助审计人员更好的应对审计风险,提高相关领域的审计质量。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • As China's reform and opening-up enters a deep-water zone and the economic development enters a plateau period, China's capital market urgently needs further standardization. In recent years, the occupation of listed companies' funds by related parties, especially non-operating fund occupation, has become one of the most common means of financial fraud. It has seriously disrupted the business activities of listed companies and affected the orderliness of the capital market. As the "gatekeeper" of the capital market, auditing should play a role in reviewing and supervising the occupation of funds by related parties. However, according to the punishment situations of accounting firms disclosed by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) and securities exchanges, the number of accounting firms punished for auditing failures due to the non-operating occupation of funds by related parties has shown an overall upward trend, reflecting a relatively high audit risk in this field. Non-operating fund occupation is strictly prohibited by laws and regulations. However, due to its strong concealment and complexity, it is difficult for auditors to prevent risks through conventional means. Therefore, this paper believes that it is necessary to study the audit risks of non-operating fund occupation by related parties in combination with relevant cases, and explore the identification and prevention of audit risks. Considering that there are various means of non-operating fund occupation and a single case is not sufficient to cover all situations, this paper adopts a multi-case analysis method.Firstly, this paper provides an overall description of the general situation of non-operating fund occupation by related parties of listed companies. By statistically analyzing the listed companies involved in illegal non-operating fund occupation and the accounting firms that failed in auditing from 2017 to 2024, it summarizes the main modes and means of non-operating fund occupation, and sorts out the main manifestations of auditing failures. Based on this, this paper summarizes the influencing factors of the audit risks of non-operating fund occupation by related parties.Secondly, based on considerations such as the means of non-operating fund occupation and the severity of the nature of the involved matters, this paper selects three cases of auditing failures due to non-operating fund occupation by related parties, namely, Ruihua Certified Public Accountants Firm - Yan'an Bikang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhongxinghua Certified Public Accountants Firm - Eglass Co., Ltd., and Lixin Certified Public Accountants Firm - Dewei New Materials Co., Ltd., for specific analysis. The audit risks of the case companies are summarized as follows: (1) The material misstatement risks at the financial statement level mainly include the capital shortage pressure of the controlling shareholders, the defects in the equity structure of the listed companies, the business activities that do not conform to business rationality, and the complex related-party relationships of the listed companies; (2) The material misstatement risks at the assertion level mainly include the abnormal fluctuations in the recognition of items such as monetary funds, prepayments, and other receivables; (3) The detection risks mainly include that auditors fail to maintain professional skepticism, there are deviations in the assessment of audit risks, and the design and implementation of audit procedures are inappropriate.Finally, in response to the above material misstatement audit risks, this paper puts forward the following preventive suggestions: For material misstatement risks, auditors should fully assess the capital status of the controlling shareholders of listed companies and understand the effectiveness of the corporate governance of listed companies; pay attention to whether the business situation and financial situation of listed companies conform to business rationality, and fully identify the related-party relationships of listed companies. For the prevention of detection risks, auditors should maintain professional skepticism, design and implement effective audit procedures. Accounting firms should strengthen the audit quality control at the firm level. In addition, it is necessary to improve the professional ethics level of auditors from multiple levels, so as to help auditors better deal with audit risks and improve the audit quality in related fields.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2025-05-28
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2025-05-18
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