“9·11”事件以来巴基斯坦对美国外交政策演变研究——以角色理论为视角

A Study on the Evolution of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy towards the United States since 9/11: from the Perspective of Role Theory

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作者:

张海鑫

导师:

王冲

导师单位:

政治与公共管理学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

巴基斯坦;美国;外交政策;角色理论

摘要:

在角色理论视域下,巴基斯坦在国际舞台上的角色认知和期望受到多种因素影响。国内层面,包括政治体制、经济发展需求、宗教文化传统以及国内民众意愿等因素,都在一定程度上塑造了巴基斯坦的外交角色定位。地区层面,南亚地区复杂的地缘政治格局,与周边国家如印度、阿富汗等的关系,以及地区稳定和发展的需求,促使巴基斯坦不断调整其外交策略。“9?11”事件成为全球政治格局的重要转折点,也显著改变了巴基斯坦与美国的外交关系。“9?11”事件发生初期,巴基斯坦基于自身安全和地缘政治考虑,选择与美国在反恐领域开展紧密合作。这一时期,巴基斯坦将自身角色定位为美国反恐战争的重要伙伴,为美国在阿富汗的军事行动提供情报支持、军事通道等协助。随着时间的推移,美国的一些政策和行动引发了巴基斯坦国内的不满和反弹,导致巴基斯坦国内反美情绪上升。同时,美国对印度的偏袒以及在地区事务中的一些做法,也让巴基斯坦重新审视其与美国的关系。在此背景下,巴基斯坦开始调整对美外交政策,在继续合作的基础上,更加注重维护自身的主权和国家利益,强调在地区事务中的独立性和自主性。此外,国际形势的变化,如新兴大国的崛起、全球反恐形势的演变等,也对巴基斯坦的外交政策演变产生了影响。巴基斯坦在不断变化的国际环境中,努力寻求新的平衡和角色定位。角色理论认为一个国家在国际舞台上的角色并非固定不变,而是会根据自身的利益认知和外部环境的变化进行动态调整,这为解读巴基斯坦的外交政策演变提供了一个有力的分析框架。巴基斯坦在与美国的外交政策演变过程中逐渐从单纯的“反恐盟友”向更加多元化的角色转变,开始更加注重维护自身的国家利益,在平衡国内和国际的各种压力的同时,积极参与地区事务,试图在南亚地区发挥更大的影响力。在与美国的外交互动中,巴基斯坦不断调整其外交角色,以期寻求一种既能维护国家利益,又能适应国际环境变化的最佳策略。

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学科:

政治学

提交日期

2025-07-01

引用参考

张海鑫. “9·11”事件以来巴基斯坦对美国外交政策演变研究——以角色理论为视角[D]. 西南政法大学,2025.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • “9·11”事件以来巴基斯坦对美国外交政策演变研究——以角色理论为视角
  • dc.title
  • A Study on the Evolution of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy towards the United States since 9/11: from the Perspective of Role Theory
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20220302001221
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 张海鑫
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 政治与公共管理学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士学位
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2025
  • dc.contributor.direction
  • 国际政治
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 王冲
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 政治与公共管理学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 巴基斯坦,美国,外交政策,角色理论
  • dc.subject
  • Pakistan; United States; Foreign policy; Perspective of role theory
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 在角色理论视域下,巴基斯坦在国际舞台上的角色认知和期望受到多种因素影响。国内层面,包括政治体制、经济发展需求、宗教文化传统以及国内民众意愿等因素,都在一定程度上塑造了巴基斯坦的外交角色定位。地区层面,南亚地区复杂的地缘政治格局,与周边国家如印度、阿富汗等的关系,以及地区稳定和发展的需求,促使巴基斯坦不断调整其外交策略。“9?11”事件成为全球政治格局的重要转折点,也显著改变了巴基斯坦与美国的外交关系。“9?11”事件发生初期,巴基斯坦基于自身安全和地缘政治考虑,选择与美国在反恐领域开展紧密合作。这一时期,巴基斯坦将自身角色定位为美国反恐战争的重要伙伴,为美国在阿富汗的军事行动提供情报支持、军事通道等协助。随着时间的推移,美国的一些政策和行动引发了巴基斯坦国内的不满和反弹,导致巴基斯坦国内反美情绪上升。同时,美国对印度的偏袒以及在地区事务中的一些做法,也让巴基斯坦重新审视其与美国的关系。在此背景下,巴基斯坦开始调整对美外交政策,在继续合作的基础上,更加注重维护自身的主权和国家利益,强调在地区事务中的独立性和自主性。此外,国际形势的变化,如新兴大国的崛起、全球反恐形势的演变等,也对巴基斯坦的外交政策演变产生了影响。巴基斯坦在不断变化的国际环境中,努力寻求新的平衡和角色定位。角色理论认为一个国家在国际舞台上的角色并非固定不变,而是会根据自身的利益认知和外部环境的变化进行动态调整,这为解读巴基斯坦的外交政策演变提供了一个有力的分析框架。巴基斯坦在与美国的外交政策演变过程中逐渐从单纯的“反恐盟友”向更加多元化的角色转变,开始更加注重维护自身的国家利益,在平衡国内和国际的各种压力的同时,积极参与地区事务,试图在南亚地区发挥更大的影响力。在与美国的外交互动中,巴基斯坦不断调整其外交角色,以期寻求一种既能维护国家利益,又能适应国际环境变化的最佳策略。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • From the perspective of role theory, Pakistan's role perception and expectations on the international stage are influenced by multiple factors. Domestically, factors such as the political system, economic development needs, religious and cultural traditions, and the will of the domestic people all shape Pakistan's diplomatic role positioning to a certain extent. Regionally, the complex geopolitical landscape of South Asia, relations with neighboring countries such as India and Afghanistan, and the demands for regional stability and development have prompted Pakistan to constantly adjust its diplomatic strategies. The September 11 attacks became a significant turning point in the global political landscape and significantly altered Pakistan's diplomatic relations with the United States.In the early days after the September 11 attacks, based on its own security and geopolitical considerations, Pakistan chose to closely cooperate with the United States in the field of counter-terrorism. During this period, Pakistan positioned itself as an important partner of the United States in the war on terror, providing intelligence support and military channels for the United States' military operations in Afghanistan. Over time, some of the United States' policies and actions have caused dissatisfaction and backlash within Pakistan, leading to a rise in anti-American sentiment. At the same time, the United States' favoritism towards India and its actions in regional affairs have also prompted Pakistan to re-examine its relationship with the United States. Against this backdrop, Pakistan began to adjust its diplomatic policy towards the United States, maintaining cooperation while placing greater emphasis on safeguarding its sovereignty and national interests, and highlighting its independence and autonomy in regional affairs. Additionally, changes in the international situation, such as the rise of emerging powers and the evolution of the global counter-terrorism landscape, have also influenced the evolution of Pakistan's foreign policy. In the constantly changing international environment, Pakistan is striving to seek a new balance and role positioning.Role theory holds that a country's role on the international stage is not fixed but dynamically adjusted based on its own interests and changes in the external environment, providing a powerful analytical framework for interpreting the evolution of Pakistan's foreign policy. In the process of evolving its diplomatic policy with the United States, Pakistan has gradually transformed from a simple "anti-terrorism ally" to a more diversified role, beginning to pay more attention to safeguarding its national interests. While balancing domestic and international pressures, it actively participates in regional affairs, attempting to exert greater influence in South Asia. In its diplomatic interactions with the United States, Pakistan continuously adjusts its diplomatic role in an effort to seek the best strategy that can both protect national interests and adapt to changes in the international environment.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2025-05-28
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2025-05-19
  • dc.relation.citedreferences
  • 一、中文参考文献(一)著作类1.杨翠柏,刘成琼:《列国志:巴基斯坦史第2版》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2018年版。2.陈继东,晏世经:《巴基斯坦对外关系研究》,成都:巴蜀书社,2017年版。3.张清敏:《对外政策分析》,北京:北京大学出版社,2019年版。4.[美]乔治•赫伯特•米德:《心灵,自我与社会》,霍桂桓译,北京:华夏出版社,1999年版。5.[美]拉尔夫•林顿:《人格的文化背景》,于闽梅、陈学晶译,桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2007年版。6.[美]乔纳森•H•特纳:《现代西方社会学理论》,范伟达译,天津:天津人民出版社,1988年版。7.[美]乔纳森•H•特纳:《社会学理论的结构》,邱泽奇、张茂元等译,北京:华夏出版社,2006年版。8.[美]亚历山大•温特:《国际政治的社会理论》,秦亚青译,上海:上海人民出版社,2014年版。9.[美]汉斯•摩根索:《国家间政治:权力斗争与和平》,徐昕、郝望、李保平译,北京:北京大学出版社,2006年。10.[英]克里斯托弗•希尔:《变化中的对外政策政治》,唐小松等译,上海:上海世纪出版集团,2007年版。11.[美]肯尼思•华尔兹:《国际政治理论》,信强译,上海:上海人民出版社,2003年版。12.[美]莫顿•卡普兰:《国际政治的系统和过程》,薄跃智译,上海:上海人民出版社,2007年版。13.杨勇:《巴基斯坦对外政策决策研究》,北京:时事出版社,2019年版。14.[加拿大]诺林•里普斯曼:《新古典现实主义国际政治理论》,刘丰、张晨译,上海:上海人民出版社,2017年版。15.习近平:《高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜为全面建设社会主义现代化国家而团结奋斗--在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会上的报告》,北京:人民出版社,2022年版。16.四川大学南亚研究所课题组:《阿富汗:后冲突时期的稳定与重建》,北京:时事出版社,2015年版。17.[美]罗伯特•杰维斯:《国际政治中的知觉与错觉》,秦亚青、魏玲译,上海:上海人民出版社,2023年版。18.吴文成:《国际政治中的信号传递》,北京:世界知识出版社,2024年版。19.杨春龙:《威尔逊国际政治理想主义研究》,北京:中国社会科学出版社,2021年版。20.邓安能:《美国对外贸易的国际政治经济学分析》,杭州:浙江大学出版社,2022年版。21.[美]查尔斯•格拉泽:《国际政治的理性理论》,刘丰、陈一一译,上海:上海人民出版社,2020年版。22.潘忠岐:《国际政治学理论解析》,上海:上海人民出版社,2015年版。23.丁榕俊:《国际政治的复杂性理论》,北京:中国社会科学出版社,2018年版。24.[巴基斯坦]里亚兹•穆罕穆德•汗:《阿富汗和巴基斯坦冲突•极端主义•抵制现代性》,曾祥裕、赵超兰、孟雪译,北京:时事出版社,2014年版。25.兰江,冯韧:《“911”事件后美印巴关系研究》,成都:四川大学出版社,2015年版。(二)论文类1.期刊文章1.宋志辉、李炜泽:“浅析‘9•11’事件以来巴基斯坦反恐政策中武力打击与和谈的交替——新古典现实主义视角”,《南亚研究》,2023年第2期。2.云宇龙、陈佳伟:“巴基斯坦国家安全政策新态势及其影响”,《南亚研究季刊》,2023年第1期。3.王世达:“巴基斯坦大国外交调整透视”,《现代国际关系》,2023年第7期。4.彭念、胡拉姆•阿巴斯:“巴基斯坦新政府外交政策初探”,《和平与发展》,2022年第3期。5.余建华、刘锦前:“当前印巴‘克什米尔争端’的新安全态势及其未来走向”,《国外社会科学前沿》,2020年第4期。6.杨勇:“9•11后巴基斯坦对阿富汗的外交政策转变及其影响——新古典现实主义视角”《南亚研究季刊》,,2016年第1期。7.宫高杰:“美国‘印太战略’中巴基斯坦身份塑造与中国的因应”,《南亚研究季刊》,,2023年第2期。8.刘传平、徐鹏:“战略纵深思想与巴基斯坦对阿富汗塔利班政策”,《南亚研究》,2023年第2期。9.邓红英,“美国与巴基斯坦关系的改善及其制约因素”,《南亚东南亚研究》,2020年第1期。10.王世达:“印巴克什米尔争端的新动向及前景”,《国际研究参考》,2019年第10期。11.杨思灵:“印巴围绕克什米尔争端的外交博弈及其影响”,《现代国际关系》,2019年第10期。12.王英良:“利益变化、信任逆转和关系重构——特朗普时期美国和巴基斯坦关系发展趋势”,《南亚研究季刊》,2018年第4期。13.张杰、郑海琦:“‘危险话语’视阈下美国对巴基斯坦的安全政策探析”,《南亚研究》,2017年第2期。14.杨勇:“新世纪以来的俄罗斯与巴基斯坦关系”,《东南亚南亚研究》,2016年第2期。15.王旭:“巴基斯坦对中美两国南亚战略的认知与反应”,《南亚研究》,2016年第2期。16.李敃窥:“‘一体化’视角与国际关系角色理论的演进”,《国际政治科学》,2014年第1期。17.马赟菲:“‘预备大国’:一种对印度尼西亚国际角色的时空分析”,《南大亚太评论》,2021年第2期。18.赵光锐:“亚太地区秩序变革与中国角色:理论争论、战略选择和未来前景”,《亚太安全与海洋研究》,2022年第2期。19.于芳:“法德联合领导下的欧盟战略自主——基于角色理论的分析”,《法国研究》,2022年第1期。20.杨双梅、曾向红:“国家角色间冲突的应对——以美国参与中亚区域治理为例”,《俄罗斯研究》,2020年第5期。21.李泽:“东亚地区秩序转型的复杂动态——基于角色理论的分析”,《当代亚太》,2020年第4期。22.王弘毅:“波兰的中等强国外交——身份定位、角色期望与外交偏好”,《俄罗斯研究》,2020年第2期。23.王艺潼:“解构‘中国外交强势论’——基于国家角色理论的实证分析”,《当代亚太》,2019年第6期。24.王晴锋:“从拟剧论到框架分析:戈夫曼思想的演进或延续?”,《南京师大学报(社会科学版)》,2021年第6期。25.伍福佐:“伊拉克战争对美巴联盟的重构”,《南亚研究季刊》,2003年第4期。26.谢许潭、张明:“扎尔达里时代美巴反恐合作的制约性因素分析”,《世界经济与政治论坛》,2009年第8期。27.吉康:“后拉登时代美巴关系更加微妙”,《世界知识》,2011年第6期。28.陈翔:“南亚区域合作联盟的发展现状及前景”,《国际研究参考》,2015年第6期。29.叶海林:“印度洋地区安全态势与主要行为体策略选择”,《印度洋经济体研究》,2021年第5期。30.李捷、赵磊:“2018年巴基斯坦大选正义运动党胜选原因分析——基于政治动员机制的视角”,《印度洋经济体研究》,2019年第4期。31.邓红英:“美国与巴基斯坦关系的改善及其制约因素”,《南亚东南亚研究》,2020年第1期。32.张晓东:“新世纪以来巴基斯坦国内政治的变迁”,《东南亚南亚研究》,2014年第2期。33.潘远强、李斌:“后拉登时代美国对巴基斯坦的外交政策走向”,《南亚研究季刊》,2011年第4期。34.管银凤:“浅析战后美国南亚安全政策的转变及原因”,《世纪桥》,2015年第10期。35.吴文聪、王娟:“巴基斯坦情报管理体制改革的演进与成效研究”,《情报杂志》,2024年第43期。36.王世达:“南亚地缘博弈的新态势及中国的角色分析”,《南亚东南亚研究》,2021年第3期。2.学位论文37.吴礼波:“从利比亚战争到乌克兰危机——德国国家角色的转变”,外交学院硕士论文,2022年,第12-13页。38.张钟艺:“角色理论视角下的中美气候治理竞合关系分析”,吉林大学硕士论文,2022年,第14-15页。39.梁芷铃:“‘阿拉伯之春’以来土耳其与埃及关系的研究”,国际关系学院硕士论文,2022年,第17-18页。3.互联网资料40.“让苏联人来一场‘越战’”,新浪网,http://news.sina.com.cn/[2011-05-13],2024-6-21.41.新华社记者林晶,“阿富汗境内设立首个联合军事情报中心”,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2008-03/31/content_7889235.html[2008-03-31],2023-07-01.42.“阿富汗战争的‘终结’取决于美国和巴基斯坦关系”,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2011-07/05/c_121622322_2.htm[2011-07-05],2024-07-03。43.“反恐议题凸显美巴关系裂痕”,央广网,http://www.cnr.cn/[2018-01-05],2024-08-23。44.陆依斐,“人物|夏巴兹•谢里夫:‘突然’走到台前的巴基斯坦新总理”,上观新闻网,https://www.jfdaily.com/news[2022-04-12]/,2024-07-18.45.“人物|巴基斯坦新总理:出身政治豪族,手段灵活的‘工作狂’”,澎湃新闻网,https://baijiahao.baidu.com/[2022-04-12],2024-07-18.46.“历数中巴海上联合军演,见证两国全天候友谊”,中华人民共和国国防部,http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jsxd/ly/4858056.html[2020-01-06],2024-08-02.二、外文参考文献(一)著作类1.Ralph Linton, The Study of Man, New York: Appleton Century Crofts, 1936.2.Steven Walker, Role Theory and Foreign Policy Analysis, Durham: Duke University, 1987.3.Stephen G. 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