ICSID裁决执行的国家豁免问题

State immunity for enforcement of ICSID awards

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归属院系:

国际法学院

作者:

唐志玮

摘要:

伴随全球化背景下,国际经济合作日益频繁,跨国贸易和外商投资成为主要发展动力,各国间投资活动呈现出高度复杂性和密切的关联。中国推动的“一带一路”项目也导致其对外直接投资和外资吸引力的显著增加。随着国际投资和贸易的扩大,争端解决机制的选择成为各国在推动经济发展中必须面对的复杂议题。ICSID(国际投资争端解决中心)因其独特的“去政治化的纠纷解决机制”而备受关注,成为大多数商事主体解决争端的首选。然而,尽管ICSID在提供一种高效、专业、独立的纠纷解决机制方面取得了显著成就,但在裁决执行阶段却面临一系列的问题。特别是在执行豁免问题上,即申请方的利益是否能得以实现,成为当前争议较为突出的议题之一。为深入探究这一问题,需要全面审视ICSID裁决执行的情况,尤其是在执行阶段受到豁免抗辩而导致的执行慢、执行难等方面的挑战。全文除引言外分为四部分。第一部分是ICSID裁决执行概述。首先是ICSID中心及裁决执行情况的大致介绍,其次对裁决效力进行更为系统和深入的分析。借助《华盛顿公约》的53、54条,可以详细阐述ICSID裁决的效力,并评估ICSID中心在解决投资者与国家间纠纷中的地位。第二部分是执行豁免造成的ICSID裁决执行困境。专注于解读ICSID中相关豁免条文即54条第3款、55条,分析其签署历史和适用范围。落脚于因执行豁免造成的裁决执行问题。最后分析相关豁免理论。尽管ICSID中心逐渐成为解决争端的主要机制,但裁决在执行阶段受到豁免抗辩的情况下,使得执行过程变得复杂而棘手。经过详细的分析有助于揭示ICSID裁决执行中豁免问题的复杂性和实质性,为未来改进和完善提供理论依据。第三部分是ICSID裁决执行豁免的国家立法与实践。我们需要深入分析执行豁免理论的立法,本文以英国、美国、法国为代表并结合相关典型案例,解析执行豁免问题。继而通过对比分析,揭示执行豁免问题的具体表现,这有助于找到解决方案和制定改进措施。第四部分,ICSID裁决执行豁免在中国的适用问题。首先回顾中国加入公约以及分析如何承认和执行裁决,其次展望未来ICSID与中国的关系,因此有必要深入探讨执行问题,特别是中国《外国国家豁免法》出台对裁决执行豁免的影响。在ICSID裁决在中国执行豁免问题基础上,从法律性解决、对投资者建议、市场救济三方面作为切入,法律性解决又分为国际和国内两层次:国际上主要探讨推动《联合国国家及其财产管辖豁免公约》生效、ICSID规则改良的可能性、BIT内设执行豁免相关条文。国内反思《外国国家豁免法》与国际接轨程度、程序配套是否足够、我国商业行为和国企财产归属的定性问题。据此才能为我国投资者提供法律指引,打造优秀的招商引资的法治环境。

语种:

中文

提交日期

2024-06-17

引用参考

唐志玮. ICSID裁决执行的国家豁免问题[D]. 西南政法大学,2024.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • ICSID裁决执行的国家豁免问题
  • dc.title
  • State immunity for enforcement of ICSID awards
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20210351011512
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 唐志玮
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 国际法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士专业学位
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2024
  • dc.contributor.direction
  • 国际经济法
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 张晓君,隋宜径
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 国际法学院,实务部门
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 裁决执行,执行豁免,ICSID,国家豁免
  • dc.subject
  • Enforcement of awards; Immunity from execution; ICSID;State immunity
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 伴随全球化背景下,国际经济合作日益频繁,跨国贸易和外商投资成为主要发展动力,各国间投资活动呈现出高度复杂性和密切的关联。中国推动的“一带一路”项目也导致其对外直接投资和外资吸引力的显著增加。随着国际投资和贸易的扩大,争端解决机制的选择成为各国在推动经济发展中必须面对的复杂议题。ICSID(国际投资争端解决中心)因其独特的“去政治化的纠纷解决机制”而备受关注,成为大多数商事主体解决争端的首选。然而,尽管ICSID在提供一种高效、专业、独立的纠纷解决机制方面取得了显著成就,但在裁决执行阶段却面临一系列的问题。特别是在执行豁免问题上,即申请方的利益是否能得以实现,成为当前争议较为突出的议题之一。为深入探究这一问题,需要全面审视ICSID裁决执行的情况,尤其是在执行阶段受到豁免抗辩而导致的执行慢、执行难等方面的挑战。全文除引言外分为四部分。第一部分是ICSID裁决执行概述。首先是ICSID中心及裁决执行情况的大致介绍,其次对裁决效力进行更为系统和深入的分析。借助《华盛顿公约》的53、54条,可以详细阐述ICSID裁决的效力,并评估ICSID中心在解决投资者与国家间纠纷中的地位。第二部分是执行豁免造成的ICSID裁决执行困境。专注于解读ICSID中相关豁免条文即54条第3款、55条,分析其签署历史和适用范围。落脚于因执行豁免造成的裁决执行问题。最后分析相关豁免理论。尽管ICSID中心逐渐成为解决争端的主要机制,但裁决在执行阶段受到豁免抗辩的情况下,使得执行过程变得复杂而棘手。经过详细的分析有助于揭示ICSID裁决执行中豁免问题的复杂性和实质性,为未来改进和完善提供理论依据。第三部分是ICSID裁决执行豁免的国家立法与实践。我们需要深入分析执行豁免理论的立法,本文以英国、美国、法国为代表并结合相关典型案例,解析执行豁免问题。继而通过对比分析,揭示执行豁免问题的具体表现,这有助于找到解决方案和制定改进措施。第四部分,ICSID裁决执行豁免在中国的适用问题。首先回顾中国加入公约以及分析如何承认和执行裁决,其次展望未来ICSID与中国的关系,因此有必要深入探讨执行问题,特别是中国《外国国家豁免法》出台对裁决执行豁免的影响。在ICSID裁决在中国执行豁免问题基础上,从法律性解决、对投资者建议、市场救济三方面作为切入,法律性解决又分为国际和国内两层次:国际上主要探讨推动《联合国国家及其财产管辖豁免公约》生效、ICSID规则改良的可能性、BIT内设执行豁免相关条文。国内反思《外国国家豁免法》与国际接轨程度、程序配套是否足够、我国商业行为和国企财产归属的定性问题。据此才能为我国投资者提供法律指引,打造优秀的招商引资的法治环境。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • In the context of globalization, international economic cooperation has become increasingly frequent, cross-border trade and foreign investment have become the main driving force for development, and investment activities among countries have become highly complex and closely interconnected. The "One Belt, One Road" project promoted by China has also led to a significant increase in its attractiveness for outward foreign direct investment and foreign investment. With the expansion of international investment and trade, the choice of dispute resolution mechanisms has become a complex issue that countries must face in order to promote economic development, and the ICSID (International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes), which has attracted attention for its unique "de-politicized dispute resolution mechanism", has become the preferred choice for dispute resolution for the majority of commercial entities. However, despite its remarkable success in providing an efficient, professional and independent dispute resolution mechanism, the ICSID faces a series of problems at the stage of enforcement of awards. In particular, the issue of immunity from enforcement, i.e. whether the interests of the applicant party can be realized, has become one of the more prominent topics of current disputes. In order to explore this issue in depth, it is necessary to take a comprehensive look at the enforcement of ICSID awards, in particular the challenges of slow and difficult enforcement caused by the immunity defense at the enforcement stage.There are four parts will be discussed in the full text. The part one is an overview of the enforcement of ICSID awards. It begins with a general introduction to the ICSID Center and enforcement, followed by a more systematic and in-depth analysis of the effectiveness of awards. With the help of Articles 53 and 54 of the Washington Convention, it is possible to elaborate on the effects of ICSID awards and to assess the position of the ICSID Center in the settlement of investor-state disputes. The second part is the dilemma of enforcing ICSID awards caused by executive immunity. Starting from the deconstruction of the immunity theory, it focuses on the interpretation of the relevant ICSID immunity provisions, namely, Article 54(3) and Article 55, analyzes the history of their signing and the scope of their application, and then focuses on the dilemma in the enforcement of awards caused by the implementation of immunity. Although the ICSID Dispute Settlement Center has gradually become the main mechanism for dispute resolution, the enforcement of awards subject to immunity defenses at the enforcement stage makes the enforcement process complicated and tricky. After detailed analysis, it helps to reveal the complexity and substance of exemption issues in the enforcement of ICSID rulings, providing theoretical basis for future improvement and perfection. The third part is the main national legislation and practice in ICSID award execution immunity. We need to deeply analyze the legislation of the theory of immunity from execution. This paper takes the United Kingdom, the United States and France as representatives and combines them with relevant typical cases to analyze the problem of immunity from execution. Then through the comparative analysis, reveal the specific performance of the problem of immunity from execution, which will help to find solutions and formulate improvement measures. The fourth part is the application of immunity from execution of ICSID awards in China. Firstly, reviewing the analysis of China's accession to the Convention and how awards are recognized and enforced, and secondly, looking forward to the future trend of growth of ICSID-related disputes in China, it is necessary to explore in depth the issue of enforcement, in particular distinguishing the impact of the introduction of China's Foreign State Immunity Law on the immunity from enforcement of awards. In terms of improvement, on the basis of raising the issue of ICSID award enforcement immunity in China, it takes the three aspects of legal settlement, advice to investors, and market relief as an entry point, and the legal settlement is divided into international and domestic levels: internationally, it mainly explores the promotion of the entry into force of the United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property, the possibility of ICSID rule improvement, and the establishment of enforcement immunity-related provisions in the BIT. Domestic reflection on the Foreign State Immunity Act and the degree of international integration, the adequacy of procedural support, the qualitative aspects of China's business conduct and the attribution of property of state-owned enterprises. Accordingly, we can provide legal guidance for Chinese investors to create an excellent investment environment under the rule of law.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2024-06-05
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2024-06-01
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