损益性生态补偿制度的规范构建研究

Research on the normative construction of the profit-and-loss ecological compensation system

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作者:

卿悦

摘要:

在当前环境法律制度体系化发展的背景下,生态补偿制度体系的系统梳理成为了理论与实践的共同需求。与传统环境法律制度不同,生态补偿制度具有更明显的开放性特征,使得生态补偿制度的范围界定一直存在争论,成为了其体系梳理的难点与前提。现有理论和实践大多通过类型化方式厘清生态补偿制度的范围,其中最核心的分类当属以生态利益增减为区分标准的增益性生态补偿与损益性生态补偿。增益性生态补偿是为了环境正外部性的内部化,损益性生态补偿是为了环境负外部性的内部化。实际上,早期的生态补偿既包含补偿又包含赔偿,随着生态环境损害赔偿制度的独立和生态补偿的狭义化发展,生态补偿逐渐被视为等同于“生态保护补偿制度”的概念。然而,其所掩盖的损益性生态补偿与生态保护补偿、生态环境损害赔偿相互混淆的问题一直未能得到解决,形成了理论、制度与实践三个层面的困境。损益性生态补偿制度的建立能够有效回应上述现实需求,故而我国生态补偿制度体系亟须由生态保护补偿的一元发展转向增益与损益的二元界分。作为一个目前主要存在于社会实践和学理讨论中的概念,损益性生态补偿的功能主义证立具有特殊的价值。一方面,功能主义的释意方式,能够在现行法律规范的基础上,以其价值目标的正当性为损益性生态补偿的成立提供解释依据。另一方面,运用功能主义分析,对损益性生态补偿制度的特有功能进行归纳,提供一种满足社会需求的正当性证成。但提供正当性依据只是损益性生态补偿制度功能的消极方面,其可以更积极地被视为制度发展条件,指引立法方向。基于此,可以将功能主义分析与规范主义的逻辑推演技术相结合指引损益性生态补偿制度规范化。具体而言,一则,通过功能主次的区分和类型化思维的运用,确定损益性生态补偿制度的体系定位。二则,在上述体系定位之上以法律关系的形成过程为基本逻辑,明确损益性生态补偿制度的构成要素,廓清其法律调整范围。最终,损益性补偿制度的建立应落实为规范构建。损益性生态补偿制度只有被置于生态保护补偿与生态环境损害赔偿的制度体系中进行重新阐释,才能够真正消除生态补偿狭义化发展的既有矛盾和体系困局。因此,首先需要确立将损益性生态补偿制度纳入生态补偿既有制度体系的规范路径,促进生态补偿制度体系的自我调适。其次,从“补不补”“如何补”“补多少”三个核心部分出发,推动损益性生态补偿制度的规范体系搭建。最后,通过明晰损益性生态补偿与生态保护补偿、生态环境损害赔偿之间的规范关系,促进损益性生态补偿制度规范的内外衔接,形成具体的规范表达。

语种:

中文

学科:

环境与资源保护法学

提交日期

2024-06-14

引用参考

卿悦. 损益性生态补偿制度的规范构建研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2024.

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知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 损益性生态补偿制度的规范构建研究
  • dc.title
  • Research on the normative construction of the profit-and-loss ecological compensation system
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20210301080929
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 卿悦
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士学位
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2024
  • dc.contributor.direction
  • 环境与资源保护法
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 杜健勋
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 生态补偿,损益性生态补偿,生态保护补偿,生态环境损害赔偿
  • dc.subject
  • ecological compensation;ecological profit and loss compensation;ecological protection compensation.
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 在当前环境法律制度体系化发展的背景下,生态补偿制度体系的系统梳理成为了理论与实践的共同需求。与传统环境法律制度不同,生态补偿制度具有更明显的开放性特征,使得生态补偿制度的范围界定一直存在争论,成为了其体系梳理的难点与前提。现有理论和实践大多通过类型化方式厘清生态补偿制度的范围,其中最核心的分类当属以生态利益增减为区分标准的增益性生态补偿与损益性生态补偿。增益性生态补偿是为了环境正外部性的内部化,损益性生态补偿是为了环境负外部性的内部化。实际上,早期的生态补偿既包含补偿又包含赔偿,随着生态环境损害赔偿制度的独立和生态补偿的狭义化发展,生态补偿逐渐被视为等同于“生态保护补偿制度”的概念。然而,其所掩盖的损益性生态补偿与生态保护补偿、生态环境损害赔偿相互混淆的问题一直未能得到解决,形成了理论、制度与实践三个层面的困境。损益性生态补偿制度的建立能够有效回应上述现实需求,故而我国生态补偿制度体系亟须由生态保护补偿的一元发展转向增益与损益的二元界分。作为一个目前主要存在于社会实践和学理讨论中的概念,损益性生态补偿的功能主义证立具有特殊的价值。一方面,功能主义的释意方式,能够在现行法律规范的基础上,以其价值目标的正当性为损益性生态补偿的成立提供解释依据。另一方面,运用功能主义分析,对损益性生态补偿制度的特有功能进行归纳,提供一种满足社会需求的正当性证成。但提供正当性依据只是损益性生态补偿制度功能的消极方面,其可以更积极地被视为制度发展条件,指引立法方向。基于此,可以将功能主义分析与规范主义的逻辑推演技术相结合指引损益性生态补偿制度规范化。具体而言,一则,通过功能主次的区分和类型化思维的运用,确定损益性生态补偿制度的体系定位。二则,在上述体系定位之上以法律关系的形成过程为基本逻辑,明确损益性生态补偿制度的构成要素,廓清其法律调整范围。最终,损益性补偿制度的建立应落实为规范构建。损益性生态补偿制度只有被置于生态保护补偿与生态环境损害赔偿的制度体系中进行重新阐释,才能够真正消除生态补偿狭义化发展的既有矛盾和体系困局。因此,首先需要确立将损益性生态补偿制度纳入生态补偿既有制度体系的规范路径,促进生态补偿制度体系的自我调适。其次,从“补不补”“如何补”“补多少”三个核心部分出发,推动损益性生态补偿制度的规范体系搭建。最后,通过明晰损益性生态补偿与生态保护补偿、生态环境损害赔偿之间的规范关系,促进损益性生态补偿制度规范的内外衔接,形成具体的规范表达。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Under the background of the systematic development of the current environmental legal system, the systematic arrangement of the ecological compensation system has become a common demand of theory and practice. Different from the traditional environmental legal system, the ecological compensation system has more obvious openness characteristics, which makes the scope definition of the ecological compensation system has been debated, forming the difficulty and premise of its system combing. Most of the existing theories and practices clarify the scope of the ecological compensation system through typology, of which the most central classification is the ecological benefit increase or decrease as a criterion for distinguishing between gainful ecological compensation and lossful ecological compensation. Gainful ecological compensation is for the internalization of positive environmental externalities, while gainful ecological compensation is for the internalization of negative environmental externalities. In fact, early eco-compensation includes both compensation and indemnity, and with the independence of the ecological and environmental damage compensation system and the development of eco-compensation in a narrower sense, eco-compensation has gradually been regarded as equivalent to the concept of "eco-protection compensation system". However, the problem of confusing the profit and loss ecological compensation with the ecological protection compensation and ecological environment damage compensation has not been solved, which has formed a dilemma at the three levels of theory, system and practice. The establishment of a gain and loss ecological compensation system can effectively respond to the above realities, so China's ecological compensation system must urgently shift from the ecological protection and compensation of the development of the one-dimensional to the gain and loss of the two-dimensional boundary.As a concept that mainly exists in social practice and academic discussion, the functionalist evidence of gain and loss ecological compensation has special value. On the one hand, a functionalist interpretation can provide an explanatory basis for the establishment of gain/loss ecological compensation on the basis of existing legal norms and the legitimacy of its value objectives. On the other hand, using functionalist analysis to summarize the unique functions of the profit-and-loss ecological compensation system provides a kind of justification to meet the needs of society. However, providing justification is only a negative aspect of the function of the system of ecological compensation for profit and loss, which can be more positively regarded as the conditions for the development of the system and guiding the direction of legislation. Based on this, the combination of functionalist analysis and normativist logical deduction techniques can be used to guide the normalization of the system of eco-compensation for profit and loss. Specifically, firstly, through the differentiation of functional priority and the application of typological thinking, the system orientation of the profit and loss ecological compensation system is determined. Secondly, on the basis of the above system orientation, the basic logic of the formation process of legal relations is used to clarify the constituent elements of the system of ecological compensation for profit and loss and the scope of its legal adjustment.Finally, the establishment of the profit and loss compensation system should be realized as the construction of norms. Profit and loss of ecological compensation system of the top complement only be placed in the ecological protection compensation and ecological environment damage compensation system for re-interpretation, can really eliminate the ecological compensation of the narrow development of the existing contradictions and system dilemma. Therefore, first of all, need to establish the profit and loss of ecological compensation system into the ecological compensation system of the existing system of normative path, to promote the ecological compensation system of self-adjustment. Secondly, from the three core parts of "to compensate or not to compensate", "how to compensate" and "how much to compensate", it is necessary to promote the construction of the normative system of the profit-and-loss ecological compensation system. Finally, through clarifying the normative relationship between the profit and loss ecological compensation and ecological protection compensation and ecological environment damage compensation, it promotes the internal and external articulation of the norms of the profit and loss ecological compensation system, and forms a specific normative expression.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2024-06-14
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2024-05-19
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