环评诉讼中“合法权益”的界定与保护

The definition and protection of "legitimate rights and interests" in EIA litigation

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作者:

包岚馨

摘要:

环评诉讼是对行政机关环评审批行为的司法监督,目前环评诉讼在我国主要表现为公民起诉行政机关的行政诉讼形式。通过对环评诉讼原告诉讼请求的实证分析:“合法权益”作为原告诉讼请求的关键要素存在着认定不明的问题。环评诉讼实践中,原告主张的“合法权益”主要有两种类型:程序权利和与环境有关的利益。程序权利有明确的法律规定,目前认定不明的矛盾主要集中于原告主张其受损的环境利益之上。“原告主张的环境利益如何定性?”和“这种环境利益是否能够成为原告在环评诉讼中主张的合法权益?”——这两个问题的解决是对原告提出的环境利益进行界定的关键。在对原告主张的环境利益进行定性之前,首先需要对“合法权益”的概念进行认定。环评诉讼中原告的“合法权益”也被称为原告的公法权利。在“合法权益”的认定中引入保护规范理论具有合理性,所以可以将保护规范理论作为界定环评诉讼原告“合法权益”的工具。其次,经过对案例的剖析和对原告主张其受损环境利益的审视,能够发现这种环境利益与传统公益性质的环境利益不同,它是一种基于相邻关系产生的环境权利,实际上是一种环境保护相邻权,具有私益性质。在得出这个前提之后,还需要在新保护规范理论的指引下,对这种环境保护相邻权属于公法权利进行证立。通过分配行政的分析框架、公法权利规范的寻找和对“环境保护相邻权是一种反射利益”的证伪,证成了“原告主张的环境保护相邻权是公法权利”,所以这种环境保护相邻权也是一种可在环评诉讼中主张的“合法权益”。根据目前环评诉讼中对“合法权益”认定的实践现状,为了更好地保护原告的程序权和环境保护相邻权,在环评诉讼中可以从以下三个方面对原告的“合法权益”进行保护:第一,承认并扩大环评诉讼邻人的原告主体资格,按照保护规范理论的标准进行认定,并采取“可能性标准”扩大原告主体资格的范围;第二,对环评诉讼“合法权益”的保护应拓展到实质审查阶段,而不仅局限于对原告主体资格的保护。可通过司法审查和利益衡量进行合法权益的分配;第三,经过审查发现原告的合法权益确实受损,法院应当根据不同的情况适用相应的判决给予司法救济。

语种:

中文

学科:

环境与资源保护法学

提交日期

2024-06-14

引用参考

包岚馨. 环评诉讼中“合法权益”的界定与保护[D]. 西南政法大学,2024.

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知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 环评诉讼中“合法权益”的界定与保护
  • dc.title
  • The definition and protection of "legitimate rights and interests" in EIA litigation
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20210301080902
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 包岚馨
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士学位
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2024
  • dc.contributor.direction
  • 环境法
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 杜健勋
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 环评诉讼,合法权益,公法权利
  • dc.subject
  • Environmental impact assessment litigation; Legitimate rights and interests; Public law rights; Environmental protection of adjacent rights
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 环评诉讼是对行政机关环评审批行为的司法监督,目前环评诉讼在我国主要表现为公民起诉行政机关的行政诉讼形式。通过对环评诉讼原告诉讼请求的实证分析:“合法权益”作为原告诉讼请求的关键要素存在着认定不明的问题。环评诉讼实践中,原告主张的“合法权益”主要有两种类型:程序权利和与环境有关的利益。程序权利有明确的法律规定,目前认定不明的矛盾主要集中于原告主张其受损的环境利益之上。“原告主张的环境利益如何定性?”和“这种环境利益是否能够成为原告在环评诉讼中主张的合法权益?”——这两个问题的解决是对原告提出的环境利益进行界定的关键。在对原告主张的环境利益进行定性之前,首先需要对“合法权益”的概念进行认定。环评诉讼中原告的“合法权益”也被称为原告的公法权利。在“合法权益”的认定中引入保护规范理论具有合理性,所以可以将保护规范理论作为界定环评诉讼原告“合法权益”的工具。其次,经过对案例的剖析和对原告主张其受损环境利益的审视,能够发现这种环境利益与传统公益性质的环境利益不同,它是一种基于相邻关系产生的环境权利,实际上是一种环境保护相邻权,具有私益性质。在得出这个前提之后,还需要在新保护规范理论的指引下,对这种环境保护相邻权属于公法权利进行证立。通过分配行政的分析框架、公法权利规范的寻找和对“环境保护相邻权是一种反射利益”的证伪,证成了“原告主张的环境保护相邻权是公法权利”,所以这种环境保护相邻权也是一种可在环评诉讼中主张的“合法权益”。根据目前环评诉讼中对“合法权益”认定的实践现状,为了更好地保护原告的程序权和环境保护相邻权,在环评诉讼中可以从以下三个方面对原告的“合法权益”进行保护:第一,承认并扩大环评诉讼邻人的原告主体资格,按照保护规范理论的标准进行认定,并采取“可能性标准”扩大原告主体资格的范围;第二,对环评诉讼“合法权益”的保护应拓展到实质审查阶段,而不仅局限于对原告主体资格的保护。可通过司法审查和利益衡量进行合法权益的分配;第三,经过审查发现原告的合法权益确实受损,法院应当根据不同的情况适用相应的判决给予司法救济。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • EIA litigation is the judicial supervision of the administrative agency's EIA approval behavior. At present, EIA litigation in China is mainly manifested as the administrative litigation form of citizens suing the administrative agency. Through the empirical analysis of the plaintiff's claim in the EIA lawsuit, there is a problem of unclear identification of "legitimate rights and interests" as the key element of the plaintiff's claim. In the practice of EIA litigation, there are two types of "legitimate rights and interests" advocated by plaintiffs: procedural rights and interests related to environment. Procedural rights have clear legal provisions, and the contradictions currently identified as unclear mainly focus on the plaintiff's claim of its damaged environmental interests. "How are the environmental benefits claimed by the plaintiff defined?" "And" Can this environmental interest be a legitimate interest asserted by the plaintiff in an EIA action?" The resolution of these two issues is the key to defining the environmental benefits proposed by the plaintiffs.Before characterizing the environmental benefits claimed by the plaintiff, the concept of "legitimate rights and interests" should be identified. The "legal rights and interests" of the plaintiff in the EIA litigation are also called the plaintiff's public law rights. It is reasonable to introduce the theory of protection norm into the identification of "legitimate rights and interests", so the theory of protection norm can be used as a tool to define the "legitimate rights and interests" of the plaintiff in EIA litigation. Secondly, through the analysis of the case and the examination of the plaintiff's claim of its damaged environmental interests, it can be found that this environmental interest is different from the traditional public welfare environmental interests, it is an environmental right based on the neighboring relationship, in fact, it is a kind of environmental protection adjacent rights, with the nature of private interests. After this premise, it is necessary to prove that the adjacent right of environmental protection belongs to the right of public law under the guidance of the new protection norm theory. Through the analysis framework of distribution administration, the search for the right norms of public law and the falsification of "the adjacent right of environmental protection is a reflex interest", it is proved that "the adjacent right of environmental protection advocated by the plaintiff is a public law right", so this adjacent right of environmental protection is also a "legitimate right" that can be asserted in environmental assessment litigation.According to the current practice of identifying "legitimate rights and interests" in EIA litigation, in order to better protect the plaintiff's procedural rights and adjacent rights of environmental protection, the plaintiff's "legitimate rights and interests" can be protected from the following three aspects in EIA litigation: First, to recognize and expand the plaintiff's subject qualification of the environmental assessment litigation neighbor, according to the standard of protection regulation theory, and adopt the "possibility standard" to expand the scope of plaintiff's subject qualification; Second, the protection of the "legitimate rights and interests" of EIA litigation should be extended to the substantive examination stage, rather than limited to the protection of the plaintiff's subject qualification. The distribution of legitimate rights and interests can be carried out through judicial review and interest measurement; Third, after examination, it is found that the plaintiff's legitimate rights and interests are indeed damaged, and the court should apply the corresponding judgment to give judicial relief according to different circumstances.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2024-06-13
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2024-06-13
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