我国啤酒消费税税率制度优化研究

Research on optimization of tax rate system ofbeer consumption tax in China

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作者:

洪原

摘要:

啤酒因其低酒精度和亲民价格而广受欢迎,但过度摄入会对人体健康造成负面影响,甚至可能引发一系列社会问题。为了引导公众理性消费并确保国民健康,我国在1994年工商税制改革后对啤酒生产环节征收消费税。随后,2001年财政部和国家税务总局联合发布的政策通知中,进一步根据啤酒的出厂价格差异,设定了两档不同的消费税税率。然而,从实际操作层面来看,我国当前的啤酒消费税税率设计较为单一,未能充分考虑到不同啤酒产品中酒精含量的差异,从而制定相应的多档税率。这种制度上的滞后和税率偏低的现象,在当前社会消费水平大幅提升的背景下,显然无法有效遏制啤酒的过度消费。特别是随着精酿啤酒市场的迅速崛起和扩张,我们迫切需要一个更加灵活和高效的税收机制来对其进行规范和引导。因此,未来我国在对啤酒消费税进行改革时,应重点考虑如何根据酒精含量的不同来设定更为精细化的税率档次,以期在保障消费者权益的同时,也能更有效地促进啤酒市场的健康有序发展。论文理论部分首先整理了国内外学者关于关于消费税税率、啤酒酒消费税的研究成果,并介绍了啤酒的负外部性理论,矫正酒负外部性的庇古税理论以及优化啤酒消费税制度的拉姆齐税理论,从多个维度论述了对啤酒课征更高消费税税率及设置多档消费税的可行性和必要性。论文实证部分首先介绍了我国啤酒业、精酿啤酒业发展概况及啤酒消费税实施情况,据此从现实角度指出现行啤酒消费税存在的问题及啤酒消费税税率优化改革的必要性,接下来通过分析比较美国、英国、挪威等啤酒消费典型国家现行啤酒消费税的政策,对比我国啤酒消费税政策,为我国啤酒消费税税率改革提供参考依据和域外经验,再根据啤酒产品啤酒精含量的不同设置多档税率并提出精酿啤酒工坊的优惠政策,结合国家年度消费税收入等相关数据进行可行性和合理性验证,最后针对我国现行消费税政策环境存在的不足,提出啤酒消费税制度的优化建议。啤酒消费税税率的提高会显著增强对啤酒生产和消费的限制作用。目前我国啤酒消费税率的调整进展缓慢且水平明显偏低,这导致消费税在调控啤酒生产和消费方面的作用未能得到充分体现。与国际相比,我国啤酒消费税税率处于较低水平,例如美国和英国的啤酒消费税实际税率远高于我国。此外,我国现行无差异的啤酒消费税税率制度不利于对高酒精度啤酒消费的限制。因此,为了更有效地控制啤酒消费并充分发挥啤酒消费税的调控作用,我们有必要对当前的啤酒消费税机制进行改革。这样的改革将有助于更好地平衡啤酒市场的供需关系,引导消费者理性消费,同时也有助于提升我国啤酒产业的健康发展。

语种:

中文

提交日期

2024-06-14

引用参考

洪原. 我国啤酒消费税税率制度优化研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2024.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 我国啤酒消费税税率制度优化研究
  • dc.title
  • Research on optimization of tax rate system ofbeer consumption tax in China
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20210351011338
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 洪原
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士专业学位
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2024
  • dc.contributor.direction
  • 财税金融方向
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 陈司谨
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 商学院(监察审计学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 啤酒,消费税,税率优化,负外部性
  • dc.subject
  • beer; Consumption tax; Tax rate optimization; Negative externalities
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 啤酒因其低酒精度和亲民价格而广受欢迎,但过度摄入会对人体健康造成负面影响,甚至可能引发一系列社会问题。为了引导公众理性消费并确保国民健康,我国在1994年工商税制改革后对啤酒生产环节征收消费税。随后,2001年财政部和国家税务总局联合发布的政策通知中,进一步根据啤酒的出厂价格差异,设定了两档不同的消费税税率。然而,从实际操作层面来看,我国当前的啤酒消费税税率设计较为单一,未能充分考虑到不同啤酒产品中酒精含量的差异,从而制定相应的多档税率。这种制度上的滞后和税率偏低的现象,在当前社会消费水平大幅提升的背景下,显然无法有效遏制啤酒的过度消费。特别是随着精酿啤酒市场的迅速崛起和扩张,我们迫切需要一个更加灵活和高效的税收机制来对其进行规范和引导。因此,未来我国在对啤酒消费税进行改革时,应重点考虑如何根据酒精含量的不同来设定更为精细化的税率档次,以期在保障消费者权益的同时,也能更有效地促进啤酒市场的健康有序发展。论文理论部分首先整理了国内外学者关于关于消费税税率、啤酒酒消费税的研究成果,并介绍了啤酒的负外部性理论,矫正酒负外部性的庇古税理论以及优化啤酒消费税制度的拉姆齐税理论,从多个维度论述了对啤酒课征更高消费税税率及设置多档消费税的可行性和必要性。论文实证部分首先介绍了我国啤酒业、精酿啤酒业发展概况及啤酒消费税实施情况,据此从现实角度指出现行啤酒消费税存在的问题及啤酒消费税税率优化改革的必要性,接下来通过分析比较美国、英国、挪威等啤酒消费典型国家现行啤酒消费税的政策,对比我国啤酒消费税政策,为我国啤酒消费税税率改革提供参考依据和域外经验,再根据啤酒产品啤酒精含量的不同设置多档税率并提出精酿啤酒工坊的优惠政策,结合国家年度消费税收入等相关数据进行可行性和合理性验证,最后针对我国现行消费税政策环境存在的不足,提出啤酒消费税制度的优化建议。啤酒消费税税率的提高会显著增强对啤酒生产和消费的限制作用。目前我国啤酒消费税率的调整进展缓慢且水平明显偏低,这导致消费税在调控啤酒生产和消费方面的作用未能得到充分体现。与国际相比,我国啤酒消费税税率处于较低水平,例如美国和英国的啤酒消费税实际税率远高于我国。此外,我国现行无差异的啤酒消费税税率制度不利于对高酒精度啤酒消费的限制。因此,为了更有效地控制啤酒消费并充分发挥啤酒消费税的调控作用,我们有必要对当前的啤酒消费税机制进行改革。这样的改革将有助于更好地平衡啤酒市场的供需关系,引导消费者理性消费,同时也有助于提升我国啤酒产业的健康发展。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Beer, with its low alcohol content and relatively affordable price, has a wide range of consumers, but excessive drinking beer will lead to excessive alcohol intake, and will bring huge negative externalities to society. In order to rationally guide the consumption of beer and ensure the health and safety of the people, China officially established the beer consumption tax after the reform of the industrial and commercial tax system in 1994, and taxed it in the production link.From the perspective of practice, China's current beer consumption tax rate is relatively simple, failed to set multiple tax rates according to the different beer content of beer products, and the system adjustment is slow. The old and low beer consumption tax rate cannot effectively limit beer consumption when the social consumption level is greatly increased. It is urgent for tax mechanism to effectively regulate and guide it.In the theoretical part of this paper, the author first collates the research results of domestic and foreign scholars on the consumption tax rate and beer consumption tax, and introduces the negative externality theory of beer, the Pigouvian tax theory to correct the negative externality of alcohol and the Ramsey tax theory to optimize the consumption tax system of beer. This paper discusses the feasibility and necessity of levying higher consumption tax rate and setting up multi-grade consumption tax on beer from several dimensions.The empirical part of this paper first introduces the development of China's beer industry and craft beer industry and the implementation of beer consumption tax. Based on this, it points out the problems existing in the current beer consumption tax and the necessity of optimizing and reforming the beer consumption tax rate from a realistic perspective. Next, it analyzes and compares the current beer consumption tax policies of typical beer consumption countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom and Norway. By comparing China's beer consumption tax policy, this paper provides reference basis and foreign experience for the reform of China's beer consumption tax rate, then sets multiple tax rates according to the different beer essence content of beer products, proposes preferential policies for craft beer workshops, and verifies the feasibility and rationality by combining the national annual consumption tax revenue and other relevant data. Finally, in view of the shortcomings of the current consumption tax policy environment in our country, this paper puts forward some suggestions to optimize the beer consumption tax system.The higher the beer excise tax rate, the stronger the restriction on beer production and beer consumption. At present, the adjustment of the current beer consumption tax rate is stagnant and obviously low, which fails to effectively play the regulation role of consumption tax on beer production and consumption. In terms of international comparison, China's beer consumption tax rate is low, the actual tax rate of alcohol consumption tax in the United States and the United Kingdom is much higher than that in China, and the no difference in beer consumption tax rate is not conducive to restricting the consumption of high alcohol beer. Therefore, in order to effectively limit beer consumption and better exert the regulation function of beer consumption tax, the current beer consumption tax mechanism should be reformed.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2024-06-14
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2024-05-19
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