增值税视同应税交易规则优化研究

Research on the Optimization of Value Added Tax as a Taxable Transaction Rule

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作者:

李凯

摘要:

增值税视同应税交易涉及纳税义务的范围,乃为贯彻增值税“消费本性”和配合稽征技术上的需要而所拟制。作为一种非典型应税交易,现行增值税视同应税交易规则起到防止抵扣链条断裂、反避税、贯彻税收中性、增加税收等功能。考察增值税改革与立法,可以发现从《增值税暂行条例》到《增值税法(征求意见稿)》再到《增值税法(草案二次审议稿)》,增值税视同应税交易规则发生了较大变化,并且存在以下问题:其一,增值税视同应税交易准入标准与应税交易的构成要件不够明确,视同应税交易规则对未来可能出现的视同应税交易情形指导性较弱;其二,保留条款仍存在纳税人避税可能性,删除的视同应税交易情形归属于应税交易还是非应税交易,后续是否可以通过视同应税交易兜底条款继续作视同应税交易处理不明确,兜底条款存在违背税收法定原则之嫌。鉴于增值税视同应税交易规定存在的诸多问题,本文基于我国增值税立法实践,通过借鉴域外经验,探寻在恪守税收中性、税收公平、税收法定等原则基础上的增值税视同应税交易规则优化路径。文章除引言和结语外,总体分为四部分:第一部分增值税视同应税交易的法理阐述。论文将阐述增值税视同应税交易的定义与特征,视同应税交易与应税交易、非应税交易、视同销售的区别,分析增值税视同应税交易立法为何遵循税收公平、税收法定、税收中性、谦抑性原则,最后论述增值税视同应税交易的功能。第二部分对增值税视同应税交易进行实证梳理。通过考察增值税视同应税交易现行法规和《增值税法(征求意见稿)》《增值税法(草案二次审议稿)》等立法文本,分析其中的增值税视同应税交易条款,进而展示了增值税视同应税交易立法过程中的变动情况。第三部分分析增值税视同应税交易规则存在的问题。论文对增值税视同应税交易情形进行分类,分析我国现行增值税视同应税交易情形存在的问题,阐释《增值税法(草案二次审议稿)》保留和删除视同应税交易情形的问题与原因。第四部分提出增值税视同应税交易规则的优化路径。通过镜鉴域外视同应税交易规则经验,设置增值税视同应税交易准入标准,完善增值税视同应税交易的条款表述,补充增值税视同应税交易兜底条款适用程序,明确增值税应税交易构成要件,明示《增值税法(草案二次审议稿)》删除的视同应税交易情形归属。

语种:

中文

学科:

经济法学

提交日期

2024-06-13

引用参考

李凯. 增值税视同应税交易规则优化研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2024.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 增值税视同应税交易规则优化研究
  • dc.title
  • Research on the Optimization of Value Added Tax as a Taxable Transaction Rule
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20210301070859
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 李凯
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士学位
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2024
  • dc.contributor.direction
  • 财税法
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 张成松
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 增值税,视同应税交易,税收中性,增值税法
  • dc.subject
  • Value added tax; Deemed taxable transactions; Tax neutrality; Value added tax law
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 增值税视同应税交易涉及纳税义务的范围,乃为贯彻增值税“消费本性”和配合稽征技术上的需要而所拟制。作为一种非典型应税交易,现行增值税视同应税交易规则起到防止抵扣链条断裂、反避税、贯彻税收中性、增加税收等功能。考察增值税改革与立法,可以发现从《增值税暂行条例》到《增值税法(征求意见稿)》再到《增值税法(草案二次审议稿)》,增值税视同应税交易规则发生了较大变化,并且存在以下问题:其一,增值税视同应税交易准入标准与应税交易的构成要件不够明确,视同应税交易规则对未来可能出现的视同应税交易情形指导性较弱;其二,保留条款仍存在纳税人避税可能性,删除的视同应税交易情形归属于应税交易还是非应税交易,后续是否可以通过视同应税交易兜底条款继续作视同应税交易处理不明确,兜底条款存在违背税收法定原则之嫌。鉴于增值税视同应税交易规定存在的诸多问题,本文基于我国增值税立法实践,通过借鉴域外经验,探寻在恪守税收中性、税收公平、税收法定等原则基础上的增值税视同应税交易规则优化路径。文章除引言和结语外,总体分为四部分:第一部分增值税视同应税交易的法理阐述。论文将阐述增值税视同应税交易的定义与特征,视同应税交易与应税交易、非应税交易、视同销售的区别,分析增值税视同应税交易立法为何遵循税收公平、税收法定、税收中性、谦抑性原则,最后论述增值税视同应税交易的功能。第二部分对增值税视同应税交易进行实证梳理。通过考察增值税视同应税交易现行法规和《增值税法(征求意见稿)》《增值税法(草案二次审议稿)》等立法文本,分析其中的增值税视同应税交易条款,进而展示了增值税视同应税交易立法过程中的变动情况。第三部分分析增值税视同应税交易规则存在的问题。论文对增值税视同应税交易情形进行分类,分析我国现行增值税视同应税交易情形存在的问题,阐释《增值税法(草案二次审议稿)》保留和删除视同应税交易情形的问题与原因。第四部分提出增值税视同应税交易规则的优化路径。通过镜鉴域外视同应税交易规则经验,设置增值税视同应税交易准入标准,完善增值税视同应税交易的条款表述,补充增值税视同应税交易兜底条款适用程序,明确增值税应税交易构成要件,明示《增值税法(草案二次审议稿)》删除的视同应税交易情形归属。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The scope of tax obligations involved in VAT taxable transactions is formulated to implement the "consumption nature" of VAT and to meet the technical needs of tax collection. As an atypical taxable transaction, the current VAT taxable transaction rules play a role in preventing the break of the deduction chain, anti-tax avoidance, implementing tax neutrality, increasing tax revenue and so on. Through the investigation of VAT reform and legislation, it can be found that from the "Provisional Regulations on VAT" to the "VAT Law (Draft for Public Comments)" and then to the "VAT Law (Draft for Second Review)", the VAT taxable transaction rules have undergone great changes, and there are the following problems: first, the access standards and constituent elements of VAT taxable transaction are not clear enough, and the taxable transaction rules are less guiding for the possible taxable transaction situations in the future; second, there is still the possibility of tax avoidance in the reservation clause, whether the deleted taxable transaction situation belongs to the taxable transaction or the non-taxable transaction, and whether the subsequent taxable transaction can be treated as taxable through the taxable transaction bottom clause is not clear, and the bottom clause is suspected of violating the principle of tax legality. In view of the many problems existing in the provisions regarding VAT as taxable transactions, this paper, based on the legislative practice of VAT in China and by drawing on the experience of other regions, explores the optimization path of the VAT as taxable transaction rule based on the principles of tax neutrality, tax fairness and tax legality. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the article is divided into four parts:The first part of the VAT is regarded as taxable transaction legal explanation. The paper will describe the definition and characteristics of VAT as taxable transaction, the difference between taxable transaction and taxable transaction, non-taxable transaction, and sales, analyze why the legislation of VAT as taxable transaction follows the principles of tax fairness, tax legality, tax neutrality, and modesty, and finally discuss the function of VAT as taxable transaction.The second part of the VAT is regarded as taxable transaction is empirically sorted out. By examining the current laws and regulations of VAT as taxable transaction and the legislative texts such as the VAT Law (Draft for Public Comments) and the VAT Law (Draft for Second Review), the clauses of VAT as taxable transaction are analyzed, and the changes in the legislative process of VAT as taxable transaction are shown.The third part analyzes the problems existing in the VAT as taxable transaction rules. The paper classifies the VAT as taxable transaction situation, analyzes the problems existing in the current VAT as taxable transaction situation, and explains the problems and reasons for retaining and deleting the VAT as taxable transaction situation in the VAT Law (Draft for Second Review).The fourth part puts forward the optimization path of VAT as taxable transaction rules. Through the mirror of the experience of taxable transaction rules outside the region, the access standards of VAT shall be set up, the terms of VAT shall be regarded as taxable transactions shall be improved, the application procedures of VAT shall be regarded as taxable transactions shall be supplemented, the constituent elements of VAT shall be regarded as taxable transactions shall be clarified, and the attribution of the taxable transaction situations deleted in the VAT Law (Draft Second Review) shall be expressly stated.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2024-06-13
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2024-05-19
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