学以成人——孔门之“学”的基本精神

Learning to Be Human:The Main Spirit of “Learning” in Confucius and His Disciples

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归属学者:

董卫国

归属院系:

马克思主义学院

作者:

董卫国1

摘要:

孔门所谓"学",从根本上说乃是成人之学、成德之教,是生命价值的实现活动。此"学"虽可引申出一套理论和学说,但其根本关切并不在于知识理论本身,而是生命的自我完善,以及如何以"学"的心态修己以安人、完成治国安民的现实功业。修身成德内本于本性仁心,外依据儒家之文教,主要包括义理、经典与礼乐。首先,成人之学乃是不器之学,不以追求知识技能本身为目的,然而,以仁道为价值取向,成己成物之技能当学必学,如此虽博学多能,而融摄知识技能于人格养成的过程之中,并不会导致知识与价值的割裂。"成人"之说,体现了儒家对人之生命作为可能性存在的基本认识,要求人必须经人文教化而贞定人生本有的价值方向以成德。其次,成人之学并非外在的知识,根本上落实于生命体验和境界受用,所以"孔颜之乐"无待于外在的生命境遇,乃是由心性之舒展、生命之通达本身而有。所谓"以身体道",实亦是本体对生命实存之转化与升华,本体作为价值本原并非外在于人的生命。孔门之学的精神乃是即世俗而超越世俗,即知识而超越知识,感通人我,融汇古今,从而体现了一种大中至正的文化气象。

出版日期:

2019-10-25

学科:

中国哲学

提交日期

2020-07-31

引用参考

董卫国. 学以成人——孔门之“学”的基本精神[J]. 当代中国价值观研究,2019(05):63-72.

  • dc.title
  • 学以成人——孔门之“学”的基本精神
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 董卫国
  • dc.contributor.author
  • DONG Weiguo;School of Marxism, Southwest University of Political Science & Law
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 西南政法大学马克思主义学院
  • dc.publisher
  • 当代中国价值观研究
  • dc.publisher
  • Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2019
  • dc.identifier.issue
  • 05
  • dc.identifier.volume
  • v.4;No.23
  • dc.identifier.page
  • 63-72
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2019-10-25
  • dc.subject
  • 君子不器;成人之学;孔颜之乐;为己之学;全体不息
  • dc.subject
  • gentleman should not be a tool;learning of to be Human;the happiness of Confucius and Yan Hui;learning for yourself;progress forever
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 孔门所谓"学",从根本上说乃是成人之学、成德之教,是生命价值的实现活动。此"学"虽可引申出一套理论和学说,但其根本关切并不在于知识理论本身,而是生命的自我完善,以及如何以"学"的心态修己以安人、完成治国安民的现实功业。修身成德内本于本性仁心,外依据儒家之文教,主要包括义理、经典与礼乐。首先,成人之学乃是不器之学,不以追求知识技能本身为目的,然而,以仁道为价值取向,成己成物之技能当学必学,如此虽博学多能,而融摄知识技能于人格养成的过程之中,并不会导致知识与价值的割裂。"成人"之说,体现了儒家对人之生命作为可能性存在的基本认识,要求人必须经人文教化而贞定人生本有的价值方向以成德。其次,成人之学并非外在的知识,根本上落实于生命体验和境界受用,所以"孔颜之乐"无待于外在的生命境遇,乃是由心性之舒展、生命之通达本身而有。所谓"以身体道",实亦是本体对生命实存之转化与升华,本体作为价值本原并非外在于人的生命。孔门之学的精神乃是即世俗而超越世俗,即知识而超越知识,感通人我,融汇古今,从而体现了一种大中至正的文化气象。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The "learning" that Confucius said is basically learning to be human,moral education,and it is the activity to realize the value of life. Although this "learning" can also derive a set of theories and doctrines,its fundamental concern is not the knowledge theory itself,but the self-improvement of life,and how to realize the ideal of governing the country with a "learning" mentality. Moral cultivation is based on human goodness and Confucian culture,which mainly includes values,classics and ritual music. First of all,learning to be a person does not aim at pursuing knowledge and skills itself,but the motivation for which is benevolence. Knowledge learning becomes an accessory to personality education. It will not lead to the separation of knowledge and value. The expression "become a person" reflects the Confucian basic understanding of the existence of human life as a possibility. "The happiness of Confucius and Yan Hui" does not depend on external fate,but the joy of the soul brought about by the growth of life. "Life as the carrier of Tao" is the transformation and sublimation of the body to the flesh. Ontology as the original value is not external to human life. The spirit of Confucianism is that the world is beyond the world,that is,knowledge is beyond the knowledge,so that reflects a large and medium to positive cultural character.
  • dc.description.sponsorshipPCode
  • 2017YBZX014;18SKSJ014
  • dc.description.sponsorship
  • 重庆市社科规划项目“先秦儒家政治哲学的形上学基础研究”(2017YBZX014);重庆市教委人文社科项目“儒学人文精神对新时代中国特色社会主义文化建设的借鉴意义研究”(18SKSJ014)的阶段性成果
  • dc.identifier.CN
  • 10-1362/D
  • dc.identifier.issn
  • 2096-1723
  • dc.identifier.if
  • 0
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • B222
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