编造、传播虚假信息行为刑法性质认定研究

Research on the Cognizance of the Nature of Criminal Law of Fabricating and Disseminating False Information

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归属院系:

法学院

作者:

胡佳

导师:

陈伟

导师单位:

法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

虚假信息;言论自由刑法边界;网络诽谤解释

摘要:

以网络谣言为代表的编造、传播虚假信息行为近些年喧嚣尘上,纵然我国刑法已经 构建起一套较为全面的规制虚假言论行为的罪名体系,但在具体认定行为刑法性质时, 囿于规范的模糊性及司法人员素质的差异性容易出现行为性质认定失准的局面,进而影 响编造、传播虚假信息行为人责任承担方式的判定。鉴于此,对编造、传播虚假信息行 为的刑法性质认定现状做一考察,从而发现其中的不足并寻找改进之策,不仅具有划清 言论自由的刑法边界、厘清刑事与非刑事责任归属的内在关系、完善规范适用的理论意 义,还具有规范司法认定操作、公正性司法裁量的实践意义。 除去引言、结语之外,本文共分四个部分,大约五万余字,具体内容概括如下: 第一部分为编造、传播虚假信息行为的概述。该部分首先对“虚假信息”的内涵予 以界定,认为其是指“没有事实根据而作出的与事实不符合的信息”,并依据有无被害 人、信息内容、信息扩散空间对虚假信息予以了类型划分。随后对规制编造、传播虚假 信息行为的法律规范予以梳理。就现有的规范情形来看,相对于非刑事法律规范,刑法 及刑法司法解释承担了法律规制的主要作用,但也存在规范抽象、定性标准模糊等弊端。 第二部分为编造、传播虚假信息行为刑法性质认定的现状考察。为全面、深入考察 刑法性质的认定现状,通过对选取的构成刑事犯罪及构成一般违法的编造、传播虚假信 息案件的裁判文书予以分析可知,在编造、传播虚假信息行为构成民事侵权或行政违法 的场合,名誉侵权以“言论未经证实”作为判断言论虚假性的主要依据,以造成社会评 价降低作为侵权后果;行政违法同样以“言论未经证实”作为判断言论虚假性的主要依 据,但扰乱秩序型虚假言论的认定标准低于诽谤型言论,违法后果的认定则以扰乱公共 秩序、存在毁誉的事实为依据。至于刑事定性,则根据个罪规范要件予以进行,对于“诽 谤罪”“寻衅滋事罪”“编造、故意传播虚假信息罪”定罪标准的具体把握均以《网络诽 谤解释》的相关规定为参照。 第三部分为编造、传播虚假信息行为刑法性质认定的现实问题。该部分主要基于司 法认定现状考察而揭示其中存在的弊病并探查成因。目前突出的现实问题在于,言论自 由的刑法边界朦胧难辨导致责任归属认定失当、刑法条文与解释适用混乱导致刑事法律 规范体系失衡、个罪立法存在瑕疵导致规范与事实往返对照困难三个方面,亟需寻找对 症之策。 第四部分为编造、传播虚假信息行为刑法性质认定的规范路径。司法认定中,应当 在比例原则的指引下,依据言论的内在属性判断言论的刑事违法性,厘清刑事犯罪言论 与违法言论的界限。随后,在判断虚假信息具有实质危险的情况下,依据物理损害、科 学评估、责任主义规则具体对编造、传播虚假信息行为进行刑事定性。在适用刑事规范 时,应当遵守司法解释适用的规则,以避免司法解释适用失范的情形发生。至于罪名的 适用层面,对于编造、故意传播虚假信息罪及寻衅滋事罪的定罪标准应当引入双层次的 认定标准,引入“言论可信度”来评估网络秩序受损。至于现实秩序的受损情况可以依 据人身伤亡、公共秩序受损等因素予以认定。对于编造、故意传播虚假信息罪的正确适 用应以准确界定虚假信息的类型及客观行为为前提,对于寻衅滋事罪的正确适用应以界 分虚假信息的规制范围、准确认定“起哄闹事”为前提。

学科:

刑法学

提交日期

2019-06-11

引用参考

胡佳. 编造、传播虚假信息行为刑法性质认定研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2019.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 编造、传播虚假信息行为刑法性质认定研究
  • dc.title
  • Research on the Cognizance of the Nature of Criminal Law of Fabricating and Disseminating False Information
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20160301040241
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 胡佳
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2019
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 陈伟
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 虚假信息;言论自由刑法边界;网络诽谤解释
  • dc.subject
  • False information;The criminal law border of freedom of speech;Network interpretation
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 以网络谣言为代表的编造、传播虚假信息行为近些年喧嚣尘上,纵然我国刑法已经 构建起一套较为全面的规制虚假言论行为的罪名体系,但在具体认定行为刑法性质时, 囿于规范的模糊性及司法人员素质的差异性容易出现行为性质认定失准的局面,进而影 响编造、传播虚假信息行为人责任承担方式的判定。鉴于此,对编造、传播虚假信息行 为的刑法性质认定现状做一考察,从而发现其中的不足并寻找改进之策,不仅具有划清 言论自由的刑法边界、厘清刑事与非刑事责任归属的内在关系、完善规范适用的理论意 义,还具有规范司法认定操作、公正性司法裁量的实践意义。 除去引言、结语之外,本文共分四个部分,大约五万余字,具体内容概括如下: 第一部分为编造、传播虚假信息行为的概述。该部分首先对“虚假信息”的内涵予 以界定,认为其是指“没有事实根据而作出的与事实不符合的信息”,并依据有无被害 人、信息内容、信息扩散空间对虚假信息予以了类型划分。随后对规制编造、传播虚假 信息行为的法律规范予以梳理。就现有的规范情形来看,相对于非刑事法律规范,刑法 及刑法司法解释承担了法律规制的主要作用,但也存在规范抽象、定性标准模糊等弊端。 第二部分为编造、传播虚假信息行为刑法性质认定的现状考察。为全面、深入考察 刑法性质的认定现状,通过对选取的构成刑事犯罪及构成一般违法的编造、传播虚假信 息案件的裁判文书予以分析可知,在编造、传播虚假信息行为构成民事侵权或行政违法 的场合,名誉侵权以“言论未经证实”作为判断言论虚假性的主要依据,以造成社会评 价降低作为侵权后果;行政违法同样以“言论未经证实”作为判断言论虚假性的主要依 据,但扰乱秩序型虚假言论的认定标准低于诽谤型言论,违法后果的认定则以扰乱公共 秩序、存在毁誉的事实为依据。至于刑事定性,则根据个罪规范要件予以进行,对于“诽 谤罪”“寻衅滋事罪”“编造、故意传播虚假信息罪”定罪标准的具体把握均以《网络诽 谤解释》的相关规定为参照。 第三部分为编造、传播虚假信息行为刑法性质认定的现实问题。该部分主要基于司 法认定现状考察而揭示其中存在的弊病并探查成因。目前突出的现实问题在于,言论自 由的刑法边界朦胧难辨导致责任归属认定失当、刑法条文与解释适用混乱导致刑事法律 规范体系失衡、个罪立法存在瑕疵导致规范与事实往返对照困难三个方面,亟需寻找对 症之策。 第四部分为编造、传播虚假信息行为刑法性质认定的规范路径。司法认定中,应当 在比例原则的指引下,依据言论的内在属性判断言论的刑事违法性,厘清刑事犯罪言论 与违法言论的界限。随后,在判断虚假信息具有实质危险的情况下,依据物理损害、科 学评估、责任主义规则具体对编造、传播虚假信息行为进行刑事定性。在适用刑事规范 时,应当遵守司法解释适用的规则,以避免司法解释适用失范的情形发生。至于罪名的 适用层面,对于编造、故意传播虚假信息罪及寻衅滋事罪的定罪标准应当引入双层次的 认定标准,引入“言论可信度”来评估网络秩序受损。至于现实秩序的受损情况可以依 据人身伤亡、公共秩序受损等因素予以认定。对于编造、故意传播虚假信息罪的正确适 用应以准确界定虚假信息的类型及客观行为为前提,对于寻衅滋事罪的正确适用应以界 分虚假信息的规制范围、准确认定“起哄闹事”为前提。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The practice of fabricating and disseminating false information represented by online rumors has been rampant in recent years. Even though criminal law has established a comprehensive system of accusations to regulate false speech acts, it is easy to misjudge the nature of acts because of the ambiguity of norms and the differences in the quality of judicial personnel. The situation, in turn, affects the judgment of the method of fabricating and disseminating the responsibility of the false information. In view of this, a survey of the status quo of the identification of the nature of criminal law of fabrication and dissemination of false information will reveal its shortcomings and find ways to improve it. It not only has the theoretical significance of clarifying the criminal law boundary of freedom of speech, clarifying the internal relationship between criminal liability and non-criminal liability, perfecting the application of norms, but also has the practical significance of standardizing the operation of judicial determination and impartiality of judicial discretion. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts, about 50,000 words, the specific content is summarized as follows: The first part is the basic overview of fabricating and disseminating false information. Firstly, this part defines the concept of "false information", which refers to "information that does not conform to the facts without factual basis", and classifies the types of false information according to the victim, information content and information diffusion space. Subsequently, the legal norms governing the fabrication and dissemination of false information are sorted out. At present, compared with non-criminal legal norms, criminal law and judicial interpretation of criminal law bear the main role of legal regulation, but there are also drawbacks such as abstract norms, vague qualitative standards and so on. The second part is the investigation of the status quo of the identification of the criminal law nature of the act of fabricating and disseminating false information. In order to comprehensively and thoroughly investigate the status quo of the identification of the nature of criminal law, we can know by analyzing the selected judicial documents which constitute criminal offences and the cases of fabrication and dissemination of false information which constitute general violations of the law: when the act of fabricating and disseminating false information constitutes a civil tort or an administrative violation, reputation tort takes "unproven" unproven speech" as the main basis for judging the falsity of speech, and reduces social evaluation as the consequence of tort. Administrative illegality is also based on the fact that "speech is not confirmed" as the main basis for judging the fraudulence of speech. However, the standard for determining disruptive order-type false speech is lower than that of defamatory speech, and the consequences of violation are based on the fact of disrupting public order and existence of defamation. As for criminal characterization, it should be carried out according to the normative elements of each crime. The conviction standards of "defamation crime", "provoking trouble crime", "fabrication and intentional dissemination of false information crime" are all based on the relevant provisions of "Internet Defamation Interpretation". The third part is about the practical problems of the identification of the criminal law nature of the act of fabricating and disseminating false information. This part is mainly based on the investigation of the status quo of judicial cognizance to reveal the shortcomings and explore the causes. At present, the prominent practical problems lie in the following three aspects: the vague boundary of the criminal law of freedom of speech leads to the misidentification of responsibility, the confusion of criminal law provisions and interpretations leads to the imbalance of criminal legal norms, defects in individual crime legislation lead to difficulties in comparing norms with facts. There is an urgent need to find the right way to deal with the problem. The fourth part is the normative path to determine the criminal law nature of the act of fabricating and disseminating false information. In judicial determination, we should judge the criminal illegality of speech according to the inherent attributes of speech and clarify the boundaries between criminal speech and illegal speech under the guidance of the principle of proportionality. Subsequently, in the case of judging the real danger of false information, according to the rules of physical damage, scientific evaluation and accountability, the act of fabricating and disseminating false information is criminalized. In the application of criminal norms, we should abide by the basic principles of judicial interpretation in order to avoid the anomie situation of judicial interpretation application. As for the applicable level of charges, the conviction standard of the crime of fabricating, intentionally spreading false information and provoking trouble should be introduced into the double-level conviction standard, and the "credibility of speech" should be introduced to evaluate the damage of the network order; as for the damage of the real order, it can be determined according to the factors such as personal casualties, public order damage and so on. The correct application of the crime of fabricating and intentionally disseminating false information should be based on the accurate definition of the type and objective behavior of false information. The correct application of the offence of provoking trouble should be based on the division of the regulation scope of false information and the accurate identification of "rioting".
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-06
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