变更判决之诉研究

On the Judgment-change Trial Suit for Modification

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归属院系:

法学院

作者:

古强

导师:

李祖军

导师单位:

法学院

学位:

博士

语种:

其他

关键词:

变更判决之诉;情势变更;将来给付之诉;既判力时间范围

摘要:

程序法上的变更判决之诉,它是从实体法中的情势变更原则演变过来的,立法旨意在于判决生效后若出现无法预料的重大基础情势变化,按照原生效裁判文书履行权利义务将会显失公平、违反诚实信用原则,故应该允许原生效判决有变更的机会。自罗马法以来,情势变更原则一直作为实体法中的一项基本原则在实体性立法中或予以原则性规定或是在实体法的具体条文上明文立法规定,是作为实体法上变更请求权基础的规范。因此,这个显示出情势变更原则的规范放到民事诉讼法里予以立法规定是否恰当是存在一定争议的。但立法实践表明,德国、日本以及我国台湾地区等已经在其“民事诉讼法”中设置了变更判决之诉制度,在一定条件下允许当事人提起变更判决之诉,具有扩充事后程序保障的功能。就程序法理论研究而言,以情势变更原则为事实基础的变更判决之诉的程序构建涉及到变更判决之诉所属诉的类型的研究、变更判决之诉的诉讼标的研究、前诉的既判力研究、变更判决之诉的适用要件研究、变更判决之诉的程序运行研究等方方面面的程序性问题。本文试图从变更判决之诉制度的创始国德国的相关理论和立法研究为出发点,通过梳理其创设变更判决之诉的制度基础即将来给付之诉以及定期金赔偿给付制度的发展趋势,以阐释变更判决之诉产生的背景及发展脉络。同时,透过变更判决之诉的事实基础即“基础情势重大变更”的梳理,重点从诉讼标的入手去分析变更判决之诉的理论根据,即分析该制度究竟系对既判力的突破还是对既判力的重新确认,重点论述了这一诉讼制度反映在既判力排除理论层面上的丰富内容。此外,在比较德、日以及我国台湾地区现行有关变更判决之诉的法律规定及相关实例的基础上,本文明确了变更判决之诉的性质、制度价值、适用要件及范围、程序运行中的相关问题,从而更为清晰地把握这一诉讼制度,充分发挥其在维护裁判统一、诉讼经济以及事后程序保障方面的积极作用,进而为完善我国民事诉讼法律制度,构建我国本土化的变更判决诉讼制度奠定基础。除去导论和结语以外,本文主要内容共分为五章,具体如下:导论部分作为本文研究的开端,交代了论文选题的来源,明确了论文研究的目的,梳理了国内外有关变更判决之诉的文献资料并进行了述评,阐释了论文写作的实践价值与理论意义,说明了本文的创新之处及本文采用的研究方法。第一章 变更判决之诉的基础理论。本章内容包括了以下三个部分:第一,变更判决之诉的概念辨析。本部分首先通过德、日及我国台湾地区关于变更判决之诉的概念的比较分析及变更判决之诉与其相近似的诉讼制度间的比较分析,进而对变更判决之诉的概念进行了明确的界定,接着界定了变更判决的性质及分析了该制度设计的法律目的,以期对变更判决之诉的概念有一个全方位的理解与把握。第二,变更判决之诉的事实基础——情势变更原则。本部分首先介绍了情势变更原则的法源及沿革,比较分析了域外国家情势变更原则的理论根据学说,然后重点分析了情势变更原则在程序法中适用情况及存在的争议,进而得出结论:对基于情势变更原则而产生的变更判决之诉的程序性研究,是大有实益的。第三,变更判决之诉的理论根基——既判力视角下的研讨。本部分首先介绍了既判力基准时与既判力遮断效的相关程序性理论,继而对既判力视角下变更判决之诉(后诉)与前诉之间的关系讨论,比如:衡平说理论下的既判力突破、确认说理论下的既判力重新确认、既判力强弱说理论下的既判力有限打破。该部分系统阐释变更判决之诉的既判力理论,是深入把握变更判决之诉制度理论基础的关键所在。第二章 变更判决之诉的比较考察及启示。本章内容包括了以下三个部分:第一,国外变更判决之诉的考察。本部分研析了德国、日本有关变更判决之诉的立法例,分别探讨了这两个国家在立法上明确规定的变更判决诉讼制度的具体内容、立法理由等,并从司法实践中分析了其变更判决之诉在实践中的运行情况。第二,我国台湾地区变更判决之诉的考察。本部分研析了我国台湾地区有关变更判决之诉的“立法”例,探讨了其在立法上明确规定的变更判决诉讼制度的具体内容、立法理由等,并从司法实践中分析了其变更判决之诉在实践中的运行情况。第三,德、日及我国台湾地区变更判决之诉的比较与启示。本部分通过比较分析德国、日本以及我国台湾地区变更判决之诉的状况,得出其各自的立法路径,为后文结合我国的具体情况提出构建我国的变更判决之诉制度的设想打下基础。 第三章 我国涉及变更判决的现有相关规定及实践。本章内容包括了以下两个部分:第一,我国涉及变更判决的现有相关规定及评析。本部分通过对我国现行的相关实体性规定、程序性规定的检视,得出在程序法意义上对变更判决之诉进行充分的论证和研讨有着极强的现实需求。第二,我国涉及变更判决的司法实践及评析。本部分通过近两年(截止于2017年5月31日)中国裁判文书网案例的检索,概要性的分析了两大类型常见案件——家庭成员之间“扶养”义务定期金给付案件、人身损害赔偿领域的定期金给付案件中的司法实践运行情况,得出由于变更判决之诉的立法缺失影响诉讼程序的法定运行的结论。第四章 我国确立变更判决之诉的可行性和必要性分析。本章内容包括以下两个部分:第一,变更判决之诉在我国确立的可行性分析。本部分通过进一步阐释了我国确立变更判决之诉的既有制度基础,通过分析了学者对变更判决之诉的立法呼吁,得出在我国确立变更判决之诉制度的可行性。第二,变更判决之诉在我国确立的必要性分析。本部分通过论证丰富和完善相关程序性立法的必要性、统一司法裁判规则需要的紧迫性两个方面,得出在我国确立变更判决之诉制度的必要性。第五章 我国变更判决之诉的程序设计。本章内容包括以下三个方面:第一,变更判决之诉的程序设计理念。本部分探析了变更判决之诉的诉讼标的,认为“前诉”与“后诉”的诉讼标的是同一的,故在确立变更判决之诉制度的时候,应当正视变更判决之诉中对既判力遮断效之例外性的排除理念。第二,变更判决之诉的适用要件及范围。本部分作为本文的重点部分之一,对变更判决之诉的适用范围和适用要件的设想进行了符合我国实际情况的分析论证。第三,变更判决之诉的运行机制构建。本部分参考日本学者提出的民事程序三阶段构造理论,将变更判决之诉程序分为了两部分研析,即起诉与受理阶段的问题研析及审判阶段的问题研析。在起诉与受理阶段,本部分讨论了变更判决之诉的管辖问题、立案登记还是立案审查制度的问题。在审判阶段,就审理过程中法官的职权探知和审理对象进行了分析,就裁判文书的类型和裁判文书的法律效果(一审终审、能否有溯及既往力)等进行了分析。结语部分是在全文对变更判决之诉加以理论梳理、比较研究以及实例印证的基础上,在表明本文研究变更判决之诉制度的重要意义之际,同时指出本文讨论的局限所在,并对我国变更判决诉讼制度的本土化构建寄予美好希望。

学科:

诉讼法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

古强. 变更判决之诉研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2018.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 变更判决之诉研究
  • dc.title
  • On the Judgment-change Trial Suit for Modification
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • B2013030106068
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 古强
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 博士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学博士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2018
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 李祖军
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 变更判决之诉;情势变更;将来给付之诉;既判力时间范围
  • dc.subject
  • the litigation of change judgement;change of circumstances;the litigation of future prestation, the time boundary of res judicata
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 程序法上的变更判决之诉,它是从实体法中的情势变更原则演变过来的,立法旨意在于判决生效后若出现无法预料的重大基础情势变化,按照原生效裁判文书履行权利义务将会显失公平、违反诚实信用原则,故应该允许原生效判决有变更的机会。自罗马法以来,情势变更原则一直作为实体法中的一项基本原则在实体性立法中或予以原则性规定或是在实体法的具体条文上明文立法规定,是作为实体法上变更请求权基础的规范。因此,这个显示出情势变更原则的规范放到民事诉讼法里予以立法规定是否恰当是存在一定争议的。但立法实践表明,德国、日本以及我国台湾地区等已经在其“民事诉讼法”中设置了变更判决之诉制度,在一定条件下允许当事人提起变更判决之诉,具有扩充事后程序保障的功能。就程序法理论研究而言,以情势变更原则为事实基础的变更判决之诉的程序构建涉及到变更判决之诉所属诉的类型的研究、变更判决之诉的诉讼标的研究、前诉的既判力研究、变更判决之诉的适用要件研究、变更判决之诉的程序运行研究等方方面面的程序性问题。本文试图从变更判决之诉制度的创始国德国的相关理论和立法研究为出发点,通过梳理其创设变更判决之诉的制度基础即将来给付之诉以及定期金赔偿给付制度的发展趋势,以阐释变更判决之诉产生的背景及发展脉络。同时,透过变更判决之诉的事实基础即“基础情势重大变更”的梳理,重点从诉讼标的入手去分析变更判决之诉的理论根据,即分析该制度究竟系对既判力的突破还是对既判力的重新确认,重点论述了这一诉讼制度反映在既判力排除理论层面上的丰富内容。此外,在比较德、日以及我国台湾地区现行有关变更判决之诉的法律规定及相关实例的基础上,本文明确了变更判决之诉的性质、制度价值、适用要件及范围、程序运行中的相关问题,从而更为清晰地把握这一诉讼制度,充分发挥其在维护裁判统一、诉讼经济以及事后程序保障方面的积极作用,进而为完善我国民事诉讼法律制度,构建我国本土化的变更判决诉讼制度奠定基础。除去导论和结语以外,本文主要内容共分为五章,具体如下:导论部分作为本文研究的开端,交代了论文选题的来源,明确了论文研究的目的,梳理了国内外有关变更判决之诉的文献资料并进行了述评,阐释了论文写作的实践价值与理论意义,说明了本文的创新之处及本文采用的研究方法。第一章 变更判决之诉的基础理论。本章内容包括了以下三个部分:第一,变更判决之诉的概念辨析。本部分首先通过德、日及我国台湾地区关于变更判决之诉的概念的比较分析及变更判决之诉与其相近似的诉讼制度间的比较分析,进而对变更判决之诉的概念进行了明确的界定,接着界定了变更判决的性质及分析了该制度设计的法律目的,以期对变更判决之诉的概念有一个全方位的理解与把握。第二,变更判决之诉的事实基础——情势变更原则。本部分首先介绍了情势变更原则的法源及沿革,比较分析了域外国家情势变更原则的理论根据学说,然后重点分析了情势变更原则在程序法中适用情况及存在的争议,进而得出结论:对基于情势变更原则而产生的变更判决之诉的程序性研究,是大有实益的。第三,变更判决之诉的理论根基——既判力视角下的研讨。本部分首先介绍了既判力基准时与既判力遮断效的相关程序性理论,继而对既判力视角下变更判决之诉(后诉)与前诉之间的关系讨论,比如:衡平说理论下的既判力突破、确认说理论下的既判力重新确认、既判力强弱说理论下的既判力有限打破。该部分系统阐释变更判决之诉的既判力理论,是深入把握变更判决之诉制度理论基础的关键所在。第二章 变更判决之诉的比较考察及启示。本章内容包括了以下三个部分:第一,国外变更判决之诉的考察。本部分研析了德国、日本有关变更判决之诉的立法例,分别探讨了这两个国家在立法上明确规定的变更判决诉讼制度的具体内容、立法理由等,并从司法实践中分析了其变更判决之诉在实践中的运行情况。第二,我国台湾地区变更判决之诉的考察。本部分研析了我国台湾地区有关变更判决之诉的“立法”例,探讨了其在立法上明确规定的变更判决诉讼制度的具体内容、立法理由等,并从司法实践中分析了其变更判决之诉在实践中的运行情况。第三,德、日及我国台湾地区变更判决之诉的比较与启示。本部分通过比较分析德国、日本以及我国台湾地区变更判决之诉的状况,得出其各自的立法路径,为后文结合我国的具体情况提出构建我国的变更判决之诉制度的设想打下基础。 第三章 我国涉及变更判决的现有相关规定及实践。本章内容包括了以下两个部分:第一,我国涉及变更判决的现有相关规定及评析。本部分通过对我国现行的相关实体性规定、程序性规定的检视,得出在程序法意义上对变更判决之诉进行充分的论证和研讨有着极强的现实需求。第二,我国涉及变更判决的司法实践及评析。本部分通过近两年(截止于2017年5月31日)中国裁判文书网案例的检索,概要性的分析了两大类型常见案件——家庭成员之间“扶养”义务定期金给付案件、人身损害赔偿领域的定期金给付案件中的司法实践运行情况,得出由于变更判决之诉的立法缺失影响诉讼程序的法定运行的结论。第四章 我国确立变更判决之诉的可行性和必要性分析。本章内容包括以下两个部分:第一,变更判决之诉在我国确立的可行性分析。本部分通过进一步阐释了我国确立变更判决之诉的既有制度基础,通过分析了学者对变更判决之诉的立法呼吁,得出在我国确立变更判决之诉制度的可行性。第二,变更判决之诉在我国确立的必要性分析。本部分通过论证丰富和完善相关程序性立法的必要性、统一司法裁判规则需要的紧迫性两个方面,得出在我国确立变更判决之诉制度的必要性。第五章 我国变更判决之诉的程序设计。本章内容包括以下三个方面:第一,变更判决之诉的程序设计理念。本部分探析了变更判决之诉的诉讼标的,认为“前诉”与“后诉”的诉讼标的是同一的,故在确立变更判决之诉制度的时候,应当正视变更判决之诉中对既判力遮断效之例外性的排除理念。第二,变更判决之诉的适用要件及范围。本部分作为本文的重点部分之一,对变更判决之诉的适用范围和适用要件的设想进行了符合我国实际情况的分析论证。第三,变更判决之诉的运行机制构建。本部分参考日本学者提出的民事程序三阶段构造理论,将变更判决之诉程序分为了两部分研析,即起诉与受理阶段的问题研析及审判阶段的问题研析。在起诉与受理阶段,本部分讨论了变更判决之诉的管辖问题、立案登记还是立案审查制度的问题。在审判阶段,就审理过程中法官的职权探知和审理对象进行了分析,就裁判文书的类型和裁判文书的法律效果(一审终审、能否有溯及既往力)等进行了分析。结语部分是在全文对变更判决之诉加以理论梳理、比较研究以及实例印证的基础上,在表明本文研究变更判决之诉制度的重要意义之际,同时指出本文讨论的局限所在,并对我国变更判决诉讼制度的本土化构建寄予美好希望。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The litigation of change judgment in procedural law evolves from the principle of change of circumstances in substantive law. The legislative purpose of it is to allow the change of the original judgment in case that any unexpected significant situation takes place after the ruling, insisting the original judgment would show injustice and contradict the principle of honesty and credibility. Since the establishment of Roman law, the principle of change of circumstances has been long considered as either a basic principle or an explicitly provided article in the substantial law, being the norm of changing the basis of right of claim in the substantial law. Therefore, whether it’s appropriate to legislate this principle in civil procedural law remains disputable. Nevertheless, in the legislative practice in countries and regions like Germany, Japan and Taiwan district of China, the system of litigation of change judgment has already been set up. Under certain circumstances, this system allows parties appeal for the alteration of judgment, hence serves as an extended procedural guarantee after the ruling. However, from the perspective of theoretical study, the establishment of the litigation of change judgment on the basis of the principle of change of circumstances involves many other researches such as the study on the attribution of this litigation, the study on the object of the litigation, the study on the res judicata of the former prosecution, the study on the applicable documents of the litigation of change judgment, the study on the proceedings of operating the litigation and so forth.In this dissertation, by studying relevant theories and the legislation of Germany where the system of the litigation of change judgment was firstly established, the author attempts to elucidate the founding background and venation of the development of the litigation of change judgment, by teasing out the institutional foundation of the creation of the litigation, namely the litigation of future prestation and the development tendency of the system of regular payment of compensation. Meanwhile, while analyzing major change of the basic circumstances, which is the factual basis of the litigation of change judgment, the author focuses on the study of the theoretical foundation of the litigation, that is to say, whether the system is a breakthrough or the reconfirming of res judicata. In addition, apart from the theoretical study, the author also discusses the rich content of this litigation system reflecting in res judicata. Furthermore, after comparing current legislation and the examples concerning the litigation of change judgment in Germany, Japan and Taiwan district, the author pinpoints many aspects of the litigation system of change judgment, including its attribution, institutional value, applicable documents and scope as well as problems emerging in the operation of the procedure. By doing this, the author can thoroughly grasp this system and gives full play to it in maintaining unified judgment, lawsuit economy and post-procedural guarantee, hence to improve the national civil procedural law and to provide institutional foundation for establishing litigation system of change judgment in China.This dissertation comprises five chapters, an introduction and a conclusion.The introduction initiates the thesis by introducing the source of topic, specifying the research goals, sorting literature review of home and abroad, elucidating the practical value and theoretical significance of the study, and illuminating the innovation point and research approach of the thesis.Chapter One Basic theory of the litigation of change judgment There are three parts in this chapter. Part one aims to analyze and discriminate the definitions of the litigation of change judgment. In this section, the author starts from the comparative analysis of definitions of the litigation of change judgment and the lawsuit systems in different countries and regions like Germany, Japan and Taiwan district, and then gives precise definition of the litigation of change judgment. The author also defines the nature of this litigation and analyzes the legal purpose of designing it, in order to completely comprehend the concept. Part two studies the factual basis of the litigation of change judgment, the principle of change of circumstances. In this section, the author begins with the source of law and evolution of the principle of changed circumstances, and then proceeds to the comparative analysis of the theoretical foundations of overseas principles of change of circumstances, focusing on analyzing the application of this principle in procedural law and the disputes over it. Then the author comes to the conclusion that the study of the litigation of change judgment on the basis of the principle of changed circumstances is quite beneficial. In part three, there is a discussion of the theoretical foundation of the litigation system of change judgment in terms of res judicata. At first, the authors discusses the theories of procedural relevance between the time boundary of res judicata and interdiction effect of res judicata. Secondly, the author discusses the relation between the litigation of change judgment under the perspective of res judicata and former prosecution, such as breaking through res judicata under equity theory, reconfirming of re judicata under the confirmation theory and breaking res judicata limitedly under the theory of strength of res judicata. To sum up, this part systematically illuminates that theories of res judicata are key to thoroughly grasping the litigation of change judgment.Chapter Two Comparative survey and enlightenment of litigation of change judgment This chapter consists of three parts. Part one is the survey of the litigaton of change judgment in foreign countries and other regions. By studying the legislation examples of Germany and Japan, the author researches their well established litigation system including the specific content, legislative reasons and the like, and also analyzes the execution of the litigation system in their juridical practices. Part two is an investigation of the litigation system of change judgment in Taiwan district. By studying the legislation examples of Taiwan district, the author researches its well established litigation system including the specific content, legislative reasons and the like, and also analyzes the execution of the litigation system in their juridical practices. The last section of this chapter compares different litigation systems of change judgment of Germany, Japan and Taiwan district and summarizes the inspiration got from them. By comparing different situations, the author gets to know the process of legislation of each place, so as to lay foundation for establishing the litigation system of change judgment in China.Chapter Three China’s current law and practices involving the litigation of change judgment There are two sections in this chapter. Section one describes China’s current law referring to the litigation of change judgment and the evaluation on it. By examining current relevant substantive provisions and procedural provisions, the author comes to the conclusion that it’s necessary to fully discuss and comprehend the litigation of change judgment in terms of procedural law. Section two refers to the juridical practices concerning change judgement in China and the evaluation on them. The author searches on China Judgment Documents Web by the time of May 31st, 2017 and summarizes two common types of law cases in our country. One type is the cases of regular maintenance payments among family members, and the other one refers to the juridical practices of the execution of regular payments in the field of personal injury compensation. By investigation, the author concludes that the legal operation of judicial proceedings would be affected in the absence of the legislation of the litigation of change judgment. Chapter Four Analysis on the feasibility and necessity of establishing the litigation system of change judgment in ChinaThis chapter is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the analysis on the feasibility of establishing the litigation of change judgment in China. By further elucidating the existing institutional foundation for establishing the litigation system of change judgment, and by analyzing scholars’ appeal for the legislation of this litigation system, the author demonstrates the feasibility of the establishment of it. The second part is the analysis on the necessity of establishing the litigation system of change judgment in China. Not only can the establishment of this system enrich and improve the legislation of relevant procedural, but also can it meet the urgency of unifying the juridical rules, so it’s necessary to establish the litigation system of change judgment in our country.Chapter Five Procedural design of the litigation of change judgment of ChinaThis chapter comprises three sections. Section one introduces the concept of procedural design of the litigation of change judgment. By analyzing the object of the litigation of change judgment, the author finds that both former litigation and post litigation share the same object, so when the litigation system of change judgment is established, the idea of excluding the exception of the interdiction effect of res judicata should be considered. Section two explains the applicable documents and scope of the litigation of change judgment. Being one of the key sections of this chapter, this part goes to analyze and demonstrate how the applicable documents and scope of the litigation of change judgment can accord with Chinese actual situation.The third section is on the establishment of the operating mechanism of the litigation of change judgment. According to the theory of three-stage construction of Civil Procedure proposed by Japanese scholars, the author divides the discussion of the procedure of the litigation of change judgment into two parts. One part deals with the research on issues rise during the period of litigation and the acceptance of it, and the other deals with the research on problems emerge in the phase of trial. As for the period of litigation and the acceptance of it, the author discusses issues like the jurisdiction issue, case-filing register or case-filing review system. And as for the phase of trial, the author analyzes issues such as ex officio detection of the judge and the trial object, type of the judgment document and the legal effects (the first instance and the final instance, retroactive or non-retroactive) and so forth.In the conclusion, by summing up all the theoretical analysis, comparative studies and case studies, the author states the importance of researches on the litigation system of change judgment in China and also points out the limitation of his discussion. Last but not the least, there are the good wishes for the localization of the litigation system of change judgment in China.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-06
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2018-12-01
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