立案登记制背景下我国民事审前程序研究

The Pretrial Procedure of Civil Litigation in The Context of

传播影响力
本库下载频次:
本库浏览频次:
CNKI下载频次:0

归属院系:

法学院

作者:

刘颖

导师:

李祖军

导师单位:

法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

审前程序;程序独立;纠纷解决;审理主体

摘要:

立案登记制的改革,很大程度上解决了因立案审查制附有的严苛起诉条件而造成的民事案件“起诉难”的问题,与此同时,也造成了目前民事诉讼爆炸的现象,在此情况下法院面对着案件数量激增、种类拓广、审理难度增大等严峻考验。在不断变革的司法环境下,在保证诉讼公正与效率的情况下,如何进一步完善诉讼程序的设置以配合立案登记制的实施,通过何种及时有效的途径来缓解持续的诉讼压力,是当前民事程序法领域应该积极思考的问题之一。立案程序作为民事诉讼程序的开端,立案登记制的实施意味着司法资源的再分配以及配套制度的设置实施。作为紧随立案程序之后的审前准备阶段,衔接立案与庭审两个重要阶段,与两者相辅相成,根据各阶段程序的功能和价值又各自独立。民事诉讼审前程序,在我国成文的民事诉讼法律条文中被规定为“审理前的准备”,在现行民事诉讼法中包含在第一审普通程序的规定中,并且多为程序性事项的相关规定。而真正意义上的审前程序应该在整体民事诉讼程序中发挥着既为庭审阶段做程序性准备以此帮助庭审顺利进行,又因其程序上的独立性而带有解决纠纷、实现案件分流与终结案件等重要功能。在当今法治国家中,无论是大陆法系还是英美法系,建立健全独立有效的审前程序制度已经成为一种必然的趋势。而在我国,尽管司法改革的步伐在一直不断地推进,民事诉讼审前程序的改革仍未取得较大进展,始终缺乏独立性,在制度体系设置上也未形成完整的体系规定,故而在司法实践中审前程序的作用与功能的发挥受到限制,没能在整体诉讼程序中完成承上启下的程序使命,没能和现行的立案登记制形成有效的配合,导致立案制度改革的效果也大打折扣。不得不说,在立案登记制改革的背景下,应当积极探索建立健全合法有效、科学合理、兼顾公正与效率,符合我国当前实际司法需求与环境的民事诉讼审前程序。首先概述我国现行立案登记制与审前程序,并对审前程序的概念、特征、价值、作用和功能进行阐述。我国民事诉讼法和相关司法解释中均将审前程序称为“审理前的准备”,对其的规定较为零散,不够细致。在司法实践的发展中,我国的诉讼模式也经历了不同的发展阶段。随着案件受理制度从立案审查制转变为立案登记制之后,由于民事诉讼案件的增加,不仅是审前程序,诉讼程序整体将承担更大的压力。现阶段存在于我国民事诉讼审前程序中的主要问题是其缺乏独立价值,在程序设置上没有独立性审前程序的规定,同时审前程序的定纷止争功能未能充分发挥;审前程序的配套制度不完善,诉答程序和证据交换制度的规定不全面;审前程序的审判主体设置问题等。大陆法系和英美法系中一些代表性国家成熟的民事诉讼审前程序相关制度,对于我国完善审前程序中现有的问题,给予一定参考和借鉴。两大法系代表国家在审前程序中,对于当事人地位和作用都越来越重视,并且重视审前程序的纠纷解决功能。两大法系对于答辩失权及其后果的规定,也对我国有很大启示。建立在我国司法现状和国外先进经验的基础上,我国民事诉讼审前程序当下在完善上要从以下几个方面入手,逐步构建成熟的制度:首先是民事诉讼审前程序独立化,使其具备了所需的程序要件并达到对解决纠纷的程度;其次是确定审前程序审理主体,明确审前程序法官的主要职能,规范法官助理制度,提高诉讼程序效率;第三是构建符合我国需求的诉答程序,并确立民事诉讼答辩失权制度;第四是完善证据开示制度,保障当事人调查取证权;第五是强化审前程序的纠纷解决功能,构建多元化纠纷解决机制。

学科:

诉讼法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

刘颖. 立案登记制背景下我国民事审前程序研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2018.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 立案登记制背景下我国民事审前程序研究
  • dc.title
  • The Pretrial Procedure of Civil Litigation in The Context of
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20150301060440
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 刘颖
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2018
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 李祖军
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 审前程序;程序独立;纠纷解决;审理主体
  • dc.subject
  • Pretrial proceedings in civil litigation;Procedural independence;Focus disputes;Pretrial subject
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 立案登记制的改革,很大程度上解决了因立案审查制附有的严苛起诉条件而造成的民事案件“起诉难”的问题,与此同时,也造成了目前民事诉讼爆炸的现象,在此情况下法院面对着案件数量激增、种类拓广、审理难度增大等严峻考验。在不断变革的司法环境下,在保证诉讼公正与效率的情况下,如何进一步完善诉讼程序的设置以配合立案登记制的实施,通过何种及时有效的途径来缓解持续的诉讼压力,是当前民事程序法领域应该积极思考的问题之一。立案程序作为民事诉讼程序的开端,立案登记制的实施意味着司法资源的再分配以及配套制度的设置实施。作为紧随立案程序之后的审前准备阶段,衔接立案与庭审两个重要阶段,与两者相辅相成,根据各阶段程序的功能和价值又各自独立。民事诉讼审前程序,在我国成文的民事诉讼法律条文中被规定为“审理前的准备”,在现行民事诉讼法中包含在第一审普通程序的规定中,并且多为程序性事项的相关规定。而真正意义上的审前程序应该在整体民事诉讼程序中发挥着既为庭审阶段做程序性准备以此帮助庭审顺利进行,又因其程序上的独立性而带有解决纠纷、实现案件分流与终结案件等重要功能。在当今法治国家中,无论是大陆法系还是英美法系,建立健全独立有效的审前程序制度已经成为一种必然的趋势。而在我国,尽管司法改革的步伐在一直不断地推进,民事诉讼审前程序的改革仍未取得较大进展,始终缺乏独立性,在制度体系设置上也未形成完整的体系规定,故而在司法实践中审前程序的作用与功能的发挥受到限制,没能在整体诉讼程序中完成承上启下的程序使命,没能和现行的立案登记制形成有效的配合,导致立案制度改革的效果也大打折扣。不得不说,在立案登记制改革的背景下,应当积极探索建立健全合法有效、科学合理、兼顾公正与效率,符合我国当前实际司法需求与环境的民事诉讼审前程序。首先概述我国现行立案登记制与审前程序,并对审前程序的概念、特征、价值、作用和功能进行阐述。我国民事诉讼法和相关司法解释中均将审前程序称为“审理前的准备”,对其的规定较为零散,不够细致。在司法实践的发展中,我国的诉讼模式也经历了不同的发展阶段。随着案件受理制度从立案审查制转变为立案登记制之后,由于民事诉讼案件的增加,不仅是审前程序,诉讼程序整体将承担更大的压力。现阶段存在于我国民事诉讼审前程序中的主要问题是其缺乏独立价值,在程序设置上没有独立性审前程序的规定,同时审前程序的定纷止争功能未能充分发挥;审前程序的配套制度不完善,诉答程序和证据交换制度的规定不全面;审前程序的审判主体设置问题等。大陆法系和英美法系中一些代表性国家成熟的民事诉讼审前程序相关制度,对于我国完善审前程序中现有的问题,给予一定参考和借鉴。两大法系代表国家在审前程序中,对于当事人地位和作用都越来越重视,并且重视审前程序的纠纷解决功能。两大法系对于答辩失权及其后果的规定,也对我国有很大启示。建立在我国司法现状和国外先进经验的基础上,我国民事诉讼审前程序当下在完善上要从以下几个方面入手,逐步构建成熟的制度:首先是民事诉讼审前程序独立化,使其具备了所需的程序要件并达到对解决纠纷的程度;其次是确定审前程序审理主体,明确审前程序法官的主要职能,规范法官助理制度,提高诉讼程序效率;第三是构建符合我国需求的诉答程序,并确立民事诉讼答辩失权制度;第四是完善证据开示制度,保障当事人调查取证权;第五是强化审前程序的纠纷解决功能,构建多元化纠纷解决机制。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The case-filing registration system has solved the prosecution difficulties of civil litigation caused by the severe prosecution conditions imposed by the case-filing review system, and at the same time it has also brought to the courts about the continuous increase of civil cases with severe pressure. Under such circumstances, it’s necessary to seek a reasonable and effective way to ensure that civil lawsuits are conducted fairly and impartially, and to improve the efficiency of civil lawsuits. Pretrial procedure in civil litigation, between the case-filing procedure and the trail procedure that all of the them complement and independent of each other, exist as an independent procedure and play an important role in settling disputes and realizing the diversion and termination of cases. Nowadays, whether it is civil law or common law, the establishment of an independent pretrial procedure system has become an inevitable trend. However, in China, the pretrial procedure of civil litigation still lacks independence and does not form a complete system, so there are some limitations of the function of the pretrial procedure. Judging from the international trends and the current situation in China, it is necessary to establish a pretrial procedure in civil litigation that is scientific and reasonable and corresponds to the current actual needs and situation.Pretrial procedure in civil litigation have several outstanding features, namely, the independence of the procedure, the certainty of practice, the pluralism of the subject and the necessity of its occurrence. Its functions are mainly divided into three categories, namely, to collect and fix evidence, organize difficult disputes, deal with and resolve disputes. The pretrial procedure in China's civil procedure law and related judicial interpretations all refer to as "pretrial preparation," and its provisions are fragmented and not detailed enough. In the development of judicial practice, the pretrial procedure has also gone through four stages of development. With the establishment of the case-filing registration system, the number of civil lawsuits are increase, the pretrial procedure must face even greater pressure. At present, the main problems existing in the pretrial procedure of civil litigation are its lack of independent value, inadequate procedures of appeal and reply, incomplete of judge’s assistant system, failure to give full play to the function of pretrial procedures, irregular in the evidence change system and inadequate pretrial meeting system.There are some problems in pretrial procedure of civil litigation in China. The regulation of pretrial procedure of civil law system and common law system countries can provide some reference. In the pretrial procedure, the two major legal systems represent more and more emphasis on the status and role of the parties, and attach importance to the dispute resolution function of the pretrial procedure. The provisions of the two legal systems on the losing the right to defense and its consequences also have great enlightenment. Based on the status quo and the advanced foreign experience, civil pretrial procedure should be improved from the following aspects and gradually establish a mature system: First, the civil pretrial procedure should be independent, so that pretrial procedures can solves the dispute of self-sufficiency in civil litigation. Secondly, it is to realize the separation between the pretrial procedure judge and the trial judge, clarify the main functions of the pretrial procedure judge, and complete the judge’s assistant system to improve the efficiency of litigation procedure. Thirdly, Build an interactive appeal procedure to improve the pertinence of the subsequent litigation activities through the prosecution of the plaintiff and the defense of the defendant and the interaction between the parties, establishing the system of loss of defense in the civil lawsuits defense. Fourth, standardize the evidence disclosure system to protect the rights of the parties to investigate and collect evidence. Fifth, strengthen the pretrial procedure Improve the pretrial mediation system and the parties' reconciliation system and establish a diversified dispute resolution mechanism.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-06
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2018-12-02
回到顶部