对实质性违法建筑的侵权损害赔偿研究

A Study on the Tort Liability Formation And Damages of Substantive Illegal Constructions

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作者:

于快

导师:

周清林

导师单位:

民商法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

实质性违法建筑;不动产所有权;侵权;征收补偿

摘要:

实务中对违法建筑侵权案件未区分程序性违法建筑和实质性违法建筑,只简单的以赔偿建筑材料的方式处理,不曾看到程序性违法建筑本质上已等同于合法建筑,更不曾看到实质性违法建筑严重损害社会公共利益的特性对其所有权的限制,进而影响到其侵权损害赔偿。本文除引言和致谢共分为四个部分。第一部分是定义实质性违法建筑和论述实质性违法建筑的法律特性。首先是界定实质性违法建筑,强调《建设用地规划许可证》、建设用地使用权、《建设工程规划许可证》和严重损害社会公共利益在定义实质性违法建筑中的作用,否认《建设工程施工许可证》在定义实质性违法建筑中的作用,否认最高院仅以城乡规划作为定义违法建筑单一要素的观点。其次,实质性违法建筑“严重损害社会公共利益”的特性致使以实质性违法建筑作为标的物所签订的合同因为违背公序良俗原则而无效,实质性违法建筑无法租赁和买卖。并且,因为实质性违法建筑面临被拆除的命运,实质性违法建筑只存在消极相邻权。这些法律特性影响了实质性违法建筑侵权损害赔偿范围和受偿主体,但不影响实质性违建人合法占有实质性违法建筑物。第二部分论证实质性违法建筑的侵权构成。首先,在程序上肯定实质性违法建筑侵权案件属于法院受理范围,但是判断建筑物是否是实质性违法建筑的机关是行政机关,因此在审理中,法院可以中止审理,防止出现重复诉讼的情形;其次,在侵权构成上,因为认可实质性违法建筑存在所有权,所以侵权行为和损害后果是成立的。又因如若允许行为人肆意侵害实质性违法建筑,则侵权人有代替行政机关之嫌,所以假设因果关系也是成立的;第三,实质性违法建筑无法买卖的特性,决定了所有权人只能是建造人和其继承人,受害人也仅是这两类人。第三部分论证实质性违法建筑的损害赔偿。在承认实质性违法建筑存在不动产所有权的前提下,仅赔偿建筑材料是站不住脚的。对于实质性违法建筑侵权损害赔偿的可得利益损失,因为实质性违法建筑不可出租,因此不存在可得利益损失,并且,即使出租也只能主张低于约定租金的占有使用费。在实际损失的赔偿上,因为实质性违法建筑不可出租、处分和仅具有消极相邻权等特性致使实际损失低于合法建筑。综上,实质性违法建筑的侵权损害赔偿低于非实质性违法建筑,这种情况也可以从征收补偿得到佐证。这种低于非实质性违法建筑的赔偿原则不是因为受害人对损害的发生存在过错,没有减轻侵权人的责任,仍是遵循了“完全赔偿原则”。第四部分总结梳理本文的观点。

学科:

民商法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

于快. 对实质性违法建筑的侵权损害赔偿研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2018.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 对实质性违法建筑的侵权损害赔偿研究
  • dc.title
  • A Study on the Tort Liability Formation And Damages of Substantive Illegal Constructions
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20150301050350
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 于快
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 民商法学院(知识产权学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2018
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 周清林
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 民商法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 实质性违法建筑;不动产所有权;侵权;征收补偿
  • dc.subject
  • Substantive Illegal Construction;Real Estate Property;Tort;Expropriation And Compensation
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 实务中对违法建筑侵权案件未区分程序性违法建筑和实质性违法建筑,只简单的以赔偿建筑材料的方式处理,不曾看到程序性违法建筑本质上已等同于合法建筑,更不曾看到实质性违法建筑严重损害社会公共利益的特性对其所有权的限制,进而影响到其侵权损害赔偿。本文除引言和致谢共分为四个部分。第一部分是定义实质性违法建筑和论述实质性违法建筑的法律特性。首先是界定实质性违法建筑,强调《建设用地规划许可证》、建设用地使用权、《建设工程规划许可证》和严重损害社会公共利益在定义实质性违法建筑中的作用,否认《建设工程施工许可证》在定义实质性违法建筑中的作用,否认最高院仅以城乡规划作为定义违法建筑单一要素的观点。其次,实质性违法建筑“严重损害社会公共利益”的特性致使以实质性违法建筑作为标的物所签订的合同因为违背公序良俗原则而无效,实质性违法建筑无法租赁和买卖。并且,因为实质性违法建筑面临被拆除的命运,实质性违法建筑只存在消极相邻权。这些法律特性影响了实质性违法建筑侵权损害赔偿范围和受偿主体,但不影响实质性违建人合法占有实质性违法建筑物。第二部分论证实质性违法建筑的侵权构成。首先,在程序上肯定实质性违法建筑侵权案件属于法院受理范围,但是判断建筑物是否是实质性违法建筑的机关是行政机关,因此在审理中,法院可以中止审理,防止出现重复诉讼的情形;其次,在侵权构成上,因为认可实质性违法建筑存在所有权,所以侵权行为和损害后果是成立的。又因如若允许行为人肆意侵害实质性违法建筑,则侵权人有代替行政机关之嫌,所以假设因果关系也是成立的;第三,实质性违法建筑无法买卖的特性,决定了所有权人只能是建造人和其继承人,受害人也仅是这两类人。第三部分论证实质性违法建筑的损害赔偿。在承认实质性违法建筑存在不动产所有权的前提下,仅赔偿建筑材料是站不住脚的。对于实质性违法建筑侵权损害赔偿的可得利益损失,因为实质性违法建筑不可出租,因此不存在可得利益损失,并且,即使出租也只能主张低于约定租金的占有使用费。在实际损失的赔偿上,因为实质性违法建筑不可出租、处分和仅具有消极相邻权等特性致使实际损失低于合法建筑。综上,实质性违法建筑的侵权损害赔偿低于非实质性违法建筑,这种情况也可以从征收补偿得到佐证。这种低于非实质性违法建筑的赔偿原则不是因为受害人对损害的发生存在过错,没有减轻侵权人的责任,仍是遵循了“完全赔偿原则”。第四部分总结梳理本文的观点。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • In practice, there is no distinction between procedural illegal constructions and substantive illegal constructions against tort on illegal constructions which are handled simply by way of compensation for constructions materials. However, procedural illegal constructions have been seen to be equivalent to legal constructions in nature, the characteristic of serious damage to the social and public interests of substantive illegal constructions limits substantive illegal constructions property and thus affects substantive illegal constructions compensation for damages.This paper is divided into four parts except the introduction and acknowledgment.The first part is to define the substantive illegal construction and discuss legal characteristics of substantive illegal construction. Firstly, It’s to define the substantive illegal construction, emphasizing the "Planning Permit of Construction Land", the right to use land for constructions, " Planning Permit of Construction Project" and the serious social harmfulness in the definition of substantive illegal construction, denying the "Construction Permit of Construction Project "in the definition of the substantive illegal construction and the Supreme Court's view of urban-rural planning as a single element of defining illegal constructions. Secondly, the contract signed by the substantive illegal constructions as the subject matter is invalid, because it is against the principles of public order and good customs caused by the characteristic of serious damage to the social and public interests of substantive illegal constructions, so the substantive illegal construction can’t be leased and traded. Moreover, because of the dismantled fate of the substantial illegal construction, there are only negative neighboring rights. These characteristics of substantive illegal construction affect the scope of damages and the subject of damages, but don’t have an effect on lawful possession of the substantive illegal construction.The second part demonstrates the tort liability formation of substantive illegal constructions. First of all, it is affirmed that the tort of substantive illegal constructions is accepted by the court in procedural law, but the institution that determines whether the construction is a substantive illegal construction is an administrative institution. Therefore, during the trial, the court can suspend the trial to prevent double litigation. Secondly, the tort liability formation and damages are established because substantive illegal constructions exist the real estate property. And if violations are allowed to wantonly infringe upon the substantive illegal constructions, the violations will take a replace the administrative institution, so the hypothetical causality is established; Thirdly, non traded nature of the substantive illegal construction determines that the owner can only be a builder and its heirs who are the victims. The third part demonstrates the damages of the substantive illegal construction. Under recognizing the existence of real estate property in a substantive illegal construction, only damages for construction materials is untenable. For the prospect interest loss of substantive illegal constructions that are infringed, because substantial illegal constructions are not rented out, there is no loss of profitability, even to the extent that it can only claim less than the agreed rent. The actual losses are lower than that of non - substantive illegal constructions due to the characteristics such as not to be leased, non traded and only negative neighboring rights. In summary, the damages of substantive illegal constructions are lower than damages of non - substantive illegal constructions, which can also be corroborated by expropriation and compensation, . The damages for substantive illegal constructions that is lower than the compensation of legal constructions is not based on the victim's fault. It doesn’t lessen the responsibility of violations. The principle of complete compensation is still be followed.The fourth part summarizes the views of this paper.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-06
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2018-11-28
  • dc.relation.relatedpublications
  • 引言1一、实质性违法建筑的法律特性2(一)违法建筑的定义2(二)实质性违法建筑的定义6(三)实质性违法建筑的法律特性7二、实质性违法建筑的侵权构成21(一)实质性违法建筑侵权案件的程序问题21(二)实质性违法建筑的侵权构成22(三)实质性违法建筑的侵权受害人是实质性违建人和继承人24三、实质性违法建筑的侵权损害赔偿认定25(一)实质性违法建筑的侵权损害赔偿不应限于建筑材料25(二)实质性违法建筑侵权损害赔偿的确定26(三)实质性违法建筑的侵权损害赔偿未减轻侵权人责任31(四)区别对待实质性违法建筑和合法建筑的实例——征收补偿32四、结论33参考文献36致 谢41
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