三权分置下土地经营权的法律构建

Legal construction about land managerial rights

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作者:

陈希宇

导师:

仲崇玉 ;杜军

导师单位:

民商法学院;民商法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

三权分置;土地经营权;法律构建

摘要:

三权分置的农村土地政策具有明显的导向作用,其目的在于使原本包含于土地承包经营权的土地经营权获得独立性,进而以市场化的方式流转起来,打破原本农村土地权利体系的身份束缚、融资限制等。土地经营权性质的明确是法律构建的起点。笔者认为想要解决土地经营权实践中债权性质的不足,就要赋予其用益物权属性。土地经营权的用益物权属性,能够更好的保障农民的经济收入与缔约自由,解决抵押物缺失的问题,同时能够在流转期限、流转自由、自主经营、保障力度等方面维护土地经营权人的利益,与此同时更能够促进土地权利体系的登记,加速农地流转,减少土地抛荒的现象。土地经营权的主体不应设置严格的准入条件,否则会导致诸多主体不能有效参与土地经营权的流转实践。土地经营权主体的准入应当坚持自愿原则与平等原则,维护农业生产安全的关键在于事后农业化运作的监督,赋予土地承包经营权人与有关部门以监督权。自然人以及规模经营主体只要有农业经营的资质均可以通过法律行为成为土地经营权主体。自然人作为土地经营权主体应当具有农民身份,但不限于本集体经济组织成员。规模经营主体包括农业大户、家庭农场、农民合作社、农民企业等,出于土地安全的考虑,对于外资企业应当给予较普通主体更为严格的限制。土地经营权的权能构建仍然是在占有、使用、收益、处分四大权能之下予以细化,以便与土地承包经营权的权能进行区分,具体权能内容包括直接占有权能、自主经营权能、经营收益权能、有限处分权能。直接占有权能是其余三个权能的基础,用以区别土地承包经营权人对于已经流转土地经营权土地的间接占有;自主经营权能保障了土地经营权人在权利边界之内进行自由的生产安排;经营收益权能用以保障土地经营权人的经济利益;有限处分权能使土地经营权进一步流转成为可能。土地经营权的变动是从动态的角度论述土地经营权从设立到消灭的全过程。土地经营权的设立主体为土地承包经营权人,设立方式为初始登记,土地经营权设立之后,土地承包经营权人可以自行经营也可以将之流转出去,流转方式包括转让、抵押与入股。当土地经营权流转协议期限届满、土地承包经营权人依法解除合同、土地经营权人抛弃权利、土地灭失等情况出现时土地经营权消灭,最终经注销登记发生物权效力。

参考文献:

32

学科:

民商法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

陈希宇. 三权分置下土地经营权的法律构建[D]. 西南政法大学,2018.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 三权分置下土地经营权的法律构建
  • dc.title
  • Legal construction about land managerial rights
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20150301050355
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 陈希宇
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 民商法学院(知识产权学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2018
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 仲崇玉;杜军
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 民商法学院;民商法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 三权分置;土地经营权;法律构建
  • dc.subject
  • Legal construction;land managerial rights;the separation of three rights
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 三权分置的农村土地政策具有明显的导向作用,其目的在于使原本包含于土地承包经营权的土地经营权获得独立性,进而以市场化的方式流转起来,打破原本农村土地权利体系的身份束缚、融资限制等。土地经营权性质的明确是法律构建的起点。笔者认为想要解决土地经营权实践中债权性质的不足,就要赋予其用益物权属性。土地经营权的用益物权属性,能够更好的保障农民的经济收入与缔约自由,解决抵押物缺失的问题,同时能够在流转期限、流转自由、自主经营、保障力度等方面维护土地经营权人的利益,与此同时更能够促进土地权利体系的登记,加速农地流转,减少土地抛荒的现象。土地经营权的主体不应设置严格的准入条件,否则会导致诸多主体不能有效参与土地经营权的流转实践。土地经营权主体的准入应当坚持自愿原则与平等原则,维护农业生产安全的关键在于事后农业化运作的监督,赋予土地承包经营权人与有关部门以监督权。自然人以及规模经营主体只要有农业经营的资质均可以通过法律行为成为土地经营权主体。自然人作为土地经营权主体应当具有农民身份,但不限于本集体经济组织成员。规模经营主体包括农业大户、家庭农场、农民合作社、农民企业等,出于土地安全的考虑,对于外资企业应当给予较普通主体更为严格的限制。土地经营权的权能构建仍然是在占有、使用、收益、处分四大权能之下予以细化,以便与土地承包经营权的权能进行区分,具体权能内容包括直接占有权能、自主经营权能、经营收益权能、有限处分权能。直接占有权能是其余三个权能的基础,用以区别土地承包经营权人对于已经流转土地经营权土地的间接占有;自主经营权能保障了土地经营权人在权利边界之内进行自由的生产安排;经营收益权能用以保障土地经营权人的经济利益;有限处分权能使土地经营权进一步流转成为可能。土地经营权的变动是从动态的角度论述土地经营权从设立到消灭的全过程。土地经营权的设立主体为土地承包经营权人,设立方式为初始登记,土地经营权设立之后,土地承包经营权人可以自行经营也可以将之流转出去,流转方式包括转让、抵押与入股。当土地经营权流转协议期限届满、土地承包经营权人依法解除合同、土地经营权人抛弃权利、土地灭失等情况出现时土地经营权消灭,最终经注销登记发生物权效力。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The rural land policy with theseparation of the three rights has a clear guiding role, whose purpose is tomake the land management rights originally included in the land contract andmanagement rights independent, and then transfer them in a market-oriented way,breaking the identity constraints and financing restrictions of the originalrural land rights system.The clear nature of land managementright is the starting point of legal construction. The author thinks that tosolve the insufficiency of creditor's rights in the practice of land managementright, we should give it the property of usufructuary right. Land usufructuaryright attribute, to better safeguard farmers' economic income and thecontracting freedom, solve the problem of lack of collateral, at the same timecan in circulation period and free flow, independent operation, the level ofsecurity on behalf of the interests of the land management of people, at thesame time, more can promote the registration of land rights system, speed upfarmland transfer, reduce the phenomenon of land pastureland.The subject of land management rightshould not set strict access conditions, otherwise many subjects can noteffectively participate in the practice of land management right transfer. Theaccess of the subjects of land management rights should adhere to the principleof voluntariness and equality, and the key to maintaining the safety ofagricultural production lies in the supervision of the post-agriculturaloperation, and the right of supervision should be given to the land contractand management right and the relevant departments. Natural person and scaleoperation entity can become the subject of land management right through legalaction as long as they have the qualification of agricultural operation. As thesubject of land management rights, natural persons should have the identity offarmers. Large-scale operators include large farmers, family farms, farmers'cooperatives, farmers' enterprises, etc. For the sake of land security,foreign-capital enterprises should be restricted more strictly than ordinarysubjects.The construction of the power of landmanagement right is still to be specifiedunder the fourpower functions of possession, use, benefit and disposal, so as to distinguishit from the power of land contract management right. The direct possessorypower is the foundation of the other three powers to distinguish the indirectownership of the land that has been transferred by the land contracting andoperating personnel; The independent management right can guarantee the landmanagement right person to carry on the free production arrangement within theright boundary. The right of operating profit can be used to protect theeconomic interests of the landowners; Limited disposal power is the furthercirculation of land management rights and mortgage financing becomes possible.The change of land management right isthe whole process from establishment to elimination from dynamic and verticalAngle. The main body of the establishment of land management rights is the landcontract right holder, and the way of establishment is registration. After theestablishment of land management rights, the land contract right holder canoperate them by itself or transfer them out. The transfer mode includestransfer, mortgage and shares. When the term of the agreement for the transferof land rights expires, the contract is terminated by the land contractingoperator in accordance with the law, the land management right is abandoned bythe land management operator, and the land is lost, etc., the land managementright is eliminated, and the property right becomes effective after thecancellation registration.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-06
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2018-11-28
  • dc.relation.citedreferences
  • 32
  • dc.relation.relatedpublications
  • 引言一、土地经营权的性质(一)不同实践模式下权利属性现状 (二)学界观点评析 (三)土地经营权性质的应然定位——用益物权 二、土地经营权主体 (一)实践探索及其问题 (二)学界观点评析 (三)土地经营权主体范围的确定 三、土地经营权的权能 (一)现状与问题 (二)学界观点评析 (三)直接占有权能 (四)自主经营权能 (五)经营收益权能 (六)有限处分权能 四、土地经营权的变动 (一)土地经营权的设立 (二)土地经营权的流转 (三)土地经营权的消灭 五、结语 参考文献
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