劳动者“吹哨”法律问题探讨

Legal Discussion Of Employees Whistleblowing

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作者:

王琴琴

导师:

熊晖

导师单位:

经济法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

“吹哨”;契约关系;忠诚义务;解雇保护

摘要:

近几年,不断有企业被爆出产品质量存在安全隐患的问题,这些爆料者中不乏劳动者。在用人单位有涉及食品安全、环境污染等不当行为时,劳动者及时“吹哨”有其社会价值,一方面它能有效维护社会公益,另一方面对节省行政机关等部门的执法成本也能发挥重要作用,对于用人单位而言还能督促其长久健康运营。尽管如此,因损害了用人单位最直接的经济利益,面对这些“吹哨人”,不少用人单位往往以各种理由对其进行打击报复,如降职、降薪、解雇等。这些不利待遇使劳动者个人合法权利得不到应有保障的同时,也挫伤了其他劳动者维护社会公益的信心。此外,若劳动者“吹哨”不实,不仅浪费社会资源,而且对用人单位也会造成严重的负面影响甚至导致其经济利益的严重下滑,因此对“吹哨”行为应如何认定以及如何给“吹哨人”提供充分的法律保护是一项颇具探讨价值的话题。本文以“福喜过期肉事件”、“沃尔玛黑油事件”作为引入点,在分析了目前我国“吹哨”背后存在的相关法律问题后,进而提出构建“吹哨”行为的要件,最后提出应建立“吹哨人”保护机制,维护劳动者合法权利。本文共分为五个部分:第一部分:问题的提出。对“福喜过期肉事件”、“沃尔玛黑油事件”进行了简短的介绍以引出劳动者“吹哨”背后的问题,即“吹哨”行为的认定以及建立“吹哨”保护机制的必要性。第二部分:劳动者“吹哨”基本理论。主要对“吹哨”行为的内涵、特征以及“吹哨”行为的意义、正当性基础进行了阐释,进一步肯定“吹哨”行为的社会价值,从而为“吹哨”劳动者法律制度上的保护提供理论依据。第三部分:我国劳动者“吹哨”制度存在的问题。主要从立法层面上缺少相应的法律依据作为支撑,司法实务中“吹哨人”胜诉的希望较小两方面进行了探讨。第四部分:劳动者“吹哨”行为的构成要件。结合域外对“吹哨”行为的认定,进一步指出我国应从“吹哨”主体的范围扩大适用、“吹哨人”需主观上善意 合理相信以及坚持内部“吹哨”为主,外部“吹哨”为辅的原则。第五部分:我国“吹哨”行为的保护机制。鉴于我国国情以及劳动立法的现状,指出首先应增设专门的保护条款及奖励措施以彰显劳动者“吹哨”所带来的社会公益价值,其次是改进救济与处罚措施,以解雇无效、不利处分禁止为基础,以刑事或者民事责任豁免为保障,以反报复措施为中心。

学科:

经济法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

王琴琴. 劳动者“吹哨”法律问题探讨[D]. 西南政法大学,2017.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 劳动者“吹哨”法律问题探讨
  • dc.title
  • Legal Discussion Of Employees Whistleblowing
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20150061021405
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 王琴琴
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2017
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 熊晖
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 经济法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • “吹哨”;契约关系;忠诚义务;解雇保护
  • dc.subject
  • Whistleblowing;Contractual relationship;Loyalty obligations;Dismissal protection;Anti-retaliation
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 近几年,不断有企业被爆出产品质量存在安全隐患的问题,这些爆料者中不乏劳动者。在用人单位有涉及食品安全、环境污染等不当行为时,劳动者及时“吹哨”有其社会价值,一方面它能有效维护社会公益,另一方面对节省行政机关等部门的执法成本也能发挥重要作用,对于用人单位而言还能督促其长久健康运营。尽管如此,因损害了用人单位最直接的经济利益,面对这些“吹哨人”,不少用人单位往往以各种理由对其进行打击报复,如降职、降薪、解雇等。这些不利待遇使劳动者个人合法权利得不到应有保障的同时,也挫伤了其他劳动者维护社会公益的信心。此外,若劳动者“吹哨”不实,不仅浪费社会资源,而且对用人单位也会造成严重的负面影响甚至导致其经济利益的严重下滑,因此对“吹哨”行为应如何认定以及如何给“吹哨人”提供充分的法律保护是一项颇具探讨价值的话题。本文以“福喜过期肉事件”、“沃尔玛黑油事件”作为引入点,在分析了目前我国“吹哨”背后存在的相关法律问题后,进而提出构建“吹哨”行为的要件,最后提出应建立“吹哨人”保护机制,维护劳动者合法权利。本文共分为五个部分:第一部分:问题的提出。对“福喜过期肉事件”、“沃尔玛黑油事件”进行了简短的介绍以引出劳动者“吹哨”背后的问题,即“吹哨”行为的认定以及建立“吹哨”保护机制的必要性。第二部分:劳动者“吹哨”基本理论。主要对“吹哨”行为的内涵、特征以及“吹哨”行为的意义、正当性基础进行了阐释,进一步肯定“吹哨”行为的社会价值,从而为“吹哨”劳动者法律制度上的保护提供理论依据。第三部分:我国劳动者“吹哨”制度存在的问题。主要从立法层面上缺少相应的法律依据作为支撑,司法实务中“吹哨人”胜诉的希望较小两方面进行了探讨。第四部分:劳动者“吹哨”行为的构成要件。结合域外对“吹哨”行为的认定,进一步指出我国应从“吹哨”主体的范围扩大适用、“吹哨人”需主观上善意 合理相信以及坚持内部“吹哨”为主,外部“吹哨”为辅的原则。第五部分:我国“吹哨”行为的保护机制。鉴于我国国情以及劳动立法的现状,指出首先应增设专门的保护条款及奖励措施以彰显劳动者“吹哨”所带来的社会公益价值,其次是改进救济与处罚措施,以解雇无效、不利处分禁止为基础,以刑事或者民事责任豁免为保障,以反报复措施为中心。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • In recent years, companies have been exposed to the problems of product quality that may has potential safety hazards, and the laborer is one of the reporter. Whistleblowing play the vital role when the employer have improper behavior such as food insecurity, environmental pollution, etc. As an important social value, it not only can maintain the public interest, but also can save the cost of enforcement for government departments. In addition, whistleblower can supervise the employer to standardized operation. In spite of that, some employer choose to retaliate against the whistleblower by looking for reasons as that their direct economic interests was damaged. The act of retaliation includes reduction in salary, demotion and relief the labor relationship. This adverse treatment make workers’ rights unprotected. At the same time, it dampened the confidence of other workers in safeguarding public welfare. It is worth noting that it will also have a negative impact if the revelation are not true. False news can waste social resources. In the meantime it will lead to negative impacts on employers and even cause a serious decline in their economic interests. Therefore this is a topic worth exploring about how to define the whistleblowing and how to protect whistleblower in legislation.This article uses Wal-Mart’s Black Oil Event and Fuxi’s expired meat event as a point of introduction. After analyzing the relevant legal issues behind the whistleblowing in our country, then it proposes that we should establish an identification mechanism on whistleblowing. Finally, it also put forward some measures to safeguard the legitimate rights of whistlers. This article is divided into five parts:The first part: Pose a questions. This part make a brief introduction about Wal-Mart’s black oil incident and Fuxi’s expired meat event and we can get some inspiration behind the whistleblowing of employee. That is the identification of whistleblowing and the necessity of establishing a whistleblowing protection mechanism.The second part: The basic theory of the whistle of employee. It mainly explained the connotation and characteristics of the whistleblowing. The sense and rational foundation of whistleblowing are illuminated in this section.From these presentations, we further affirm the social value of whistleblowing.This will provide a theoretical basis for the protection of the employee who whistle their organization.The third part: The problems of whistle system existed in our country. It mainly manifested in the two aspects, on the one hand is lacking of corresponding legal basis as a support and on the other hand is that it is difficulty in winning the lawsuit for laborer.The fourth part: the constituent elements of whistleblowing. Combining the identification of whistleblowing in foreign countries, we can consider the following factors. Firstly, the scope of the subject; Secondly, good faith and reasonable belief; thirdly, we should adhere to the principle that internal program has the priority and selected external program as complement.The fifth part: The protection mechanism of whistleblowing in our country. In consideration of the national conditions and the current state of labor legislation in our country,add to some special protection clauses and Incentive measure is the preferred. The purpose is to demonstrate the value of social welfare brought about by whistleblower. Other than it, we need to improve relief and penalties. Such as based on the invalidity of dismissal and the prohibition of unfavorable disposition, Protected with Exemption from criminal responsibility or civil liability, and centered on anti-retaliation measures.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D(9)4
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-04-02
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2018-05-13
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