大陆专利无效与台湾地区专利举发制度比较研究

Comparative Study on Patent Invalidation System between Chinese Mainland and Taiwan

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作者:

李延晓

导师:

康添雄

导师单位:

民商法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

专利无效;专利举发;循环诉讼;拖延诉讼

摘要:

自大陆专利无效制度“拖延诉讼”、“循环诉讼”的弊端显现以来,学界与实务界即开始探讨其根源所在,寻求正确的方式以改变现状。但《专利法》历经三次修改,以上问题仍未得到解决。从专利法最新修改草案来看,改革的重点也并未集中在专利无效制度。究其原因,多是因为专利无效宣告的性质定位存在争论,并未达成一致意见。专利权是一项绝对权,属于私权的范畴,但其同时也具有公权属性,专利无效制度本身也是如此。因此,对专利无效制度的改革,仅从其性质上进行争论是远远不够的。台湾地区也曾面临专利侵权纠纷“诉讼拖延”问题,但随着2008年“智慧财产法院”的建立,台湾地区实行专利举发“双轨制”,授权民事法院在审理专利侵权案件中认定涉案专利的有效性。虽然民事法院的认定仅对个案有效,但这仍对迅速解决纠纷,提高案件审结效率发挥了巨大的作用。同时,由于两岸《行政诉讼法》的差异,虽然台湾也以行政机关作为被告提起行政诉讼,但并未导致“循环诉讼”。鉴于台湾与大陆同根同源,法律制度存在诸多共通性,本文拟通过比较研究大陆与台湾的专利无效制度,探讨台湾模式的可行性,对大陆专利无效“拖延诉讼”、“循环诉讼”的解决提出建议。根据这一思路,本文通过四个部分展开论述:第一部分介绍的是两岸专利无效与举发制度的渊源。通过历史梳理,论述两岸专利无效与举发制度遇到的共同问题,即公平正义与效率之间的价值冲突。其中,大陆专利无效的主要弊端是诉讼拖延与循环,台湾地区则是因法律规定过于强硬,引发的个案正义缺失。第二部分论述的是无效与举发制度的基本原理。首先从专利权的不稳定性出发,指出无效与举发制度存在的原因。接下来从成本与收益的角度,比较研究两岸专利无效与举发制度的优劣。最后对司法权与行政权的权力分配格局展开讨论,研究司法权是否可以直接评价由行政权制造出来的私权,即专利权。第三部分介绍的是近年来两岸专利无效与举发制度的走向。重点研究台湾专利举发“双轨制”,从数据的角度考察“双轨制”的运行效果,展示其取得的成绩与出现的问题,为大陆专利无效“双轨制”的架构提供实证依据。同时,分析大陆学界对专利无效“拖延诉讼”与“循环诉讼”进行的讨论,为下文专利无效制度的改革提供理论基础。第四部分是对专利无效制度提出的改革意见,首先是关于无效制度改革的基本立法精神导向;其后,分别讨论无效“双轨制”的具体架构,以及“循环诉讼”的解决途径;最后一部分是对专利制度中重新配置司法权的建议,提出强化法院在保护专利权的作用。

学科:

民商法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

李延晓. 大陆专利无效与台湾地区专利举发制度比较研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2016.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 大陆专利无效与台湾地区专利举发制度比较研究
  • dc.title
  • Comparative Study on Patent Invalidation System between Chinese Mainland and Taiwan
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20130301Z20830
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 李延晓
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 民商法学院(知识产权学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2016
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 康添雄
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 民商法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 专利无效;专利举发;循环诉讼;拖延诉讼
  • dc.subject
  • Patent invalid;Litigation drag;Loop suit
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 自大陆专利无效制度“拖延诉讼”、“循环诉讼”的弊端显现以来,学界与实务界即开始探讨其根源所在,寻求正确的方式以改变现状。但《专利法》历经三次修改,以上问题仍未得到解决。从专利法最新修改草案来看,改革的重点也并未集中在专利无效制度。究其原因,多是因为专利无效宣告的性质定位存在争论,并未达成一致意见。专利权是一项绝对权,属于私权的范畴,但其同时也具有公权属性,专利无效制度本身也是如此。因此,对专利无效制度的改革,仅从其性质上进行争论是远远不够的。台湾地区也曾面临专利侵权纠纷“诉讼拖延”问题,但随着2008年“智慧财产法院”的建立,台湾地区实行专利举发“双轨制”,授权民事法院在审理专利侵权案件中认定涉案专利的有效性。虽然民事法院的认定仅对个案有效,但这仍对迅速解决纠纷,提高案件审结效率发挥了巨大的作用。同时,由于两岸《行政诉讼法》的差异,虽然台湾也以行政机关作为被告提起行政诉讼,但并未导致“循环诉讼”。鉴于台湾与大陆同根同源,法律制度存在诸多共通性,本文拟通过比较研究大陆与台湾的专利无效制度,探讨台湾模式的可行性,对大陆专利无效“拖延诉讼”、“循环诉讼”的解决提出建议。根据这一思路,本文通过四个部分展开论述:第一部分介绍的是两岸专利无效与举发制度的渊源。通过历史梳理,论述两岸专利无效与举发制度遇到的共同问题,即公平正义与效率之间的价值冲突。其中,大陆专利无效的主要弊端是诉讼拖延与循环,台湾地区则是因法律规定过于强硬,引发的个案正义缺失。第二部分论述的是无效与举发制度的基本原理。首先从专利权的不稳定性出发,指出无效与举发制度存在的原因。接下来从成本与收益的角度,比较研究两岸专利无效与举发制度的优劣。最后对司法权与行政权的权力分配格局展开讨论,研究司法权是否可以直接评价由行政权制造出来的私权,即专利权。第三部分介绍的是近年来两岸专利无效与举发制度的走向。重点研究台湾专利举发“双轨制”,从数据的角度考察“双轨制”的运行效果,展示其取得的成绩与出现的问题,为大陆专利无效“双轨制”的架构提供实证依据。同时,分析大陆学界对专利无效“拖延诉讼”与“循环诉讼”进行的讨论,为下文专利无效制度的改革提供理论基础。第四部分是对专利无效制度提出的改革意见,首先是关于无效制度改革的基本立法精神导向;其后,分别讨论无效“双轨制”的具体架构,以及“循环诉讼”的解决途径;最后一部分是对专利制度中重新配置司法权的建议,提出强化法院在保护专利权的作用。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Ever since the problems of “Litigation drag” and “Loop suit” showed up,theoretical and practical circles began to analyze the underlying reasons to find out the right way to change the situation. Although The Patent Law of the People's Republic of China(“The Patent Law”) has been revised for three times,there was no resolution of the problems,nor the reforms of the latest revision,which did not focus on the Patent invalidation system either,probably because of the heated debate over the nature hereof. Patent right,as a product of integration of legal and technical,which belongs to proprietary,is an absolute right,also,it refers to public interest,which is particularly apparent for the Patent invalidation system. Consequently,discussion on the nature only is not enough to improve the patent invalidation system. Taiwan also had the “Litigation drag” problem in patent-infringement dispute,but soon after the Intellectual Property Court was set up,dual-track system came into force,which authorized the Civil courts to judge of the patent validity in patent-infringement dispute. Although the judgment is non-finality,it has played a great role in enhancing the efficiency of trial. Additionally,due to the differences of Administrative Procedural Law between Mainland and Taiwan,Taiwan do not need to deal with “Loop suit” in the Administrative Proceedings in which the defendant is also administrative organ. As the legal systems of Mainland and Taiwan are very similar,this article tries to compare their patent invalidation systems and determine the feasibility of the dual-track system,in order to make suggestions on the resolution of “Litigation drag” and “Loop suit”. The article contains following sections: Part one refers to the origin of the invalid patent systems of Mainland and Taiwan, including the discussion of the common problem they both encountered,that was the value conflict between justice and efficiency. The main disadvantage in Mainland is the inefficiency of litigation, on the contrary,the problem in Taiwan is the lack of justice of cases caused by their inflexible law. Part two refers to the fundamental of the invalid patent system. Starting from the instability of patent right,which is the reason for the existence of the system. Then, comparing the merits and demerits of either side from the view of cost and benefit. The last section focuses on the distribution and restriction between executive power and jurisdiction, including the question whether the court should judge of the patent validity admitted by Patent Office. Part three refers to the development trends of patent invalidation system of Mainland and Taiwan. The main emphasis is the operating effect of the dual-track system of Taiwan, presenting its achievements and problems through data analysis,which provides example for Mainland. This part also includes the discussion on related issues of theoretical circles in Mainland,on the purpose of supplying legal basis for the improvement of invalid patent system . Part four proposes several reform suggestions on invalid patent system of Mainland. Section One refers to the basic spirit guiding the reformation of the system. Section two and three detail the framework of dual-track system and the resolution of “Loop suit” separately. At last,the paper proposes that,it is necessary to strengthen and improve the function of jurisdiction in invalid patent system as well as the whole patent system.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-04-10
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2016-05-14
  • dc.relation.relatedpublications
  • 目 录引 言 1 一、两岸专利无效与举发制度的渊源 3 (一)同源追溯的历史梳理 3 (二)价值取向之冲突:公平正义与效率之争 5 (三)无效制度的拖延与循环 6 (四)举发制度的正义缺失 9 二、无效与举发的基本原因 11 (一)专利权之不稳定性 11 (二)经济分析:成本与收益 12 (三)权力分配格局的影响:司法权与行政权 14 三、无效与举发的制度走向 16 (一)台湾地区专利举发“双轨制”的运行 16 (二)台湾地区技术审查官制度 25 (三)大陆专利无效制度走向 27 四、无效制度的改革 29 (一)基本立法精神导向 29 (二)构建专利无效“双轨制” 31 (三)“循环诉讼”的解决途径 34 (四)司法权的重新配置 37 结 语 39 参考文献 40 致 谢 44
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