妨害公务罪之“暴力、威胁”行为研究

The Study on Acts of Violence and Menace in Crime of Interference with Public Administration

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归属院系:

法学院

作者:

吴婧

导师:

朱建华

导师单位:

法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

妨害公务;暴力;威胁;司法实践;实证分析;完善路径

摘要:

近些年来,我国妨害公务案件频频发生,其中所采取的手段方式千变万化,使妨害公务罪在犯罪构成及刑罚适用等方面皆面临着较大挑战。司法实践中,各地法院在审理具体案件时,对妨害公务罪中的暴力、威胁行为的对象、手段、程度等主客观方面的理解与认定不一致;同时,各行政机构的执法观念也存在差别,或因某些工作人员的个人情感因素,常使许多案件出现极大的矛盾争议,对此类案件的普遍司法现状应投入更多关注,以便公平正义且行之有效地解决困扰司法实务部门的难题,所以本研究的意义重大。本论文共分为七个部分,约30000字。第一部分,妨害公务案件的司法现状实证分析。以2013-2015年中国裁判文书网权威发布的裁判文书为研究样本,运用科学抽样、统计分析等方法对“暴力、威胁”行为进行实证研究。就该罪的司法适用现状进行数据统计分析,归纳出目前实践中妨害公务案件存在的四个司法现状。第二部分,研究妨害公务罪“暴力、威胁”行为的价值。此部分从定罪和量刑两方面讨论准确认定“暴力、威胁”行为对合理适用妨害公务罪的重要性。第三部分,介绍刑法中规定的“暴力、威胁”行为。概述了刑法罪名里规定的相关“暴力”行为,涵盖了狭义的暴力、广义的暴力和最广义的暴力三种基本形式;而“威胁”行为,包含了行为威胁、语言威胁等。在不同的语境中,上述行为所具有的内涵会随之发生相应的改变,不可全然等同视之。第四部分,概述“暴力、威胁”行为。在上一部分的基础上,探讨妨害公务罪中暴力、威胁行为的内涵、特点以及表现方式。其中,明确地提出了本罪“暴力”行为的对象应将财物包括在内,“威胁”国家机关工作人员对其亲属、朋友实施侵害的行为不能构成本罪等。第五部分,对比各国立法探讨“暴力、威胁”行为。利用归纳文献等方式,总结世界各国对妨害公务行为的相关立法,得出普遍存在着单一立法模式、复杂立法模式,并分析这两种方式的优劣。同时借鉴国外立法模式的优势,完善我国立法规定中公务执行主体范围较窄、犯罪对象不明确、量刑幅度过于宽泛等问题。第六部分,研究目前妨害公务罪中关于“暴力、威胁”行为的疑难问题。采用逻辑分析和法理分析等多种方法,深入探讨本罪“暴力、威胁”行为中涉及的对象、方法、程度等争议疑难问题,并提出有益于解决实际问题的建议。其一,应明确本罪的行为对象,涵盖受国家机关委托从事协助执行公务的人员、执行公务所需财物等。其二,应界定本罪的行为方式涵盖间接暴力的方式,但不包括无形的暴力以及以自杀、自残等方式相威胁。其三,是限定本罪 “暴力、威胁”行为的上下限,危害程度低于下限的情形不构成犯罪,高于上限的情形转化为其他犯罪。第七部分,妨害公务罪之“暴力、威胁”行为的完善路径。这部分是本文的结论所在,从五个方面论述了实践中需要加强行政执法与刑事司法的衔接,明确本罪的行为对象,确定行为方式,限度行为强度等,严格遵照规定惩罚妨害公务行为,方能做到罚当其罪。

学科:

刑法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

吴婧. 妨害公务罪之“暴力、威胁”行为研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2016.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 妨害公务罪之“暴力、威胁”行为研究
  • dc.title
  • The Study on Acts of Violence and Menace in Crime of Interference with Public Administration
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20140042011141
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 吴婧
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2016
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 朱建华
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 妨害公务;暴力;威胁;司法实践;实证分析;完善路径
  • dc.subject
  • interference with public administration;violence;menace;judicial practice;empirical analysis;improvement measures
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 近些年来,我国妨害公务案件频频发生,其中所采取的手段方式千变万化,使妨害公务罪在犯罪构成及刑罚适用等方面皆面临着较大挑战。司法实践中,各地法院在审理具体案件时,对妨害公务罪中的暴力、威胁行为的对象、手段、程度等主客观方面的理解与认定不一致;同时,各行政机构的执法观念也存在差别,或因某些工作人员的个人情感因素,常使许多案件出现极大的矛盾争议,对此类案件的普遍司法现状应投入更多关注,以便公平正义且行之有效地解决困扰司法实务部门的难题,所以本研究的意义重大。本论文共分为七个部分,约30000字。第一部分,妨害公务案件的司法现状实证分析。以2013-2015年中国裁判文书网权威发布的裁判文书为研究样本,运用科学抽样、统计分析等方法对“暴力、威胁”行为进行实证研究。就该罪的司法适用现状进行数据统计分析,归纳出目前实践中妨害公务案件存在的四个司法现状。第二部分,研究妨害公务罪“暴力、威胁”行为的价值。此部分从定罪和量刑两方面讨论准确认定“暴力、威胁”行为对合理适用妨害公务罪的重要性。第三部分,介绍刑法中规定的“暴力、威胁”行为。概述了刑法罪名里规定的相关“暴力”行为,涵盖了狭义的暴力、广义的暴力和最广义的暴力三种基本形式;而“威胁”行为,包含了行为威胁、语言威胁等。在不同的语境中,上述行为所具有的内涵会随之发生相应的改变,不可全然等同视之。第四部分,概述“暴力、威胁”行为。在上一部分的基础上,探讨妨害公务罪中暴力、威胁行为的内涵、特点以及表现方式。其中,明确地提出了本罪“暴力”行为的对象应将财物包括在内,“威胁”国家机关工作人员对其亲属、朋友实施侵害的行为不能构成本罪等。第五部分,对比各国立法探讨“暴力、威胁”行为。利用归纳文献等方式,总结世界各国对妨害公务行为的相关立法,得出普遍存在着单一立法模式、复杂立法模式,并分析这两种方式的优劣。同时借鉴国外立法模式的优势,完善我国立法规定中公务执行主体范围较窄、犯罪对象不明确、量刑幅度过于宽泛等问题。第六部分,研究目前妨害公务罪中关于“暴力、威胁”行为的疑难问题。采用逻辑分析和法理分析等多种方法,深入探讨本罪“暴力、威胁”行为中涉及的对象、方法、程度等争议疑难问题,并提出有益于解决实际问题的建议。其一,应明确本罪的行为对象,涵盖受国家机关委托从事协助执行公务的人员、执行公务所需财物等。其二,应界定本罪的行为方式涵盖间接暴力的方式,但不包括无形的暴力以及以自杀、自残等方式相威胁。其三,是限定本罪 “暴力、威胁”行为的上下限,危害程度低于下限的情形不构成犯罪,高于上限的情形转化为其他犯罪。第七部分,妨害公务罪之“暴力、威胁”行为的完善路径。这部分是本文的结论所在,从五个方面论述了实践中需要加强行政执法与刑事司法的衔接,明确本罪的行为对象,确定行为方式,限度行为强度等,严格遵照规定惩罚妨害公务行为,方能做到罚当其罪。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Recently, crime of interference with public administration occurred frequently in China. Various ways of crimes creates challenges to the constitution of a crime and the application of punishment. In judicial practice, the understanding and recognition of the subjective and objective aspects, including objects, means and levels of the acts of violence and menace in crime of interference with public administration vary from one court to the other. Meanwhile, the differences of law enforcement ideology among administrative agencies or individual affective factors of some officers often cause disputes in many cases. We shall pay more attention on the current judicial situations in such cases for solving the problems in a way of justice and effectiveness.This paper is divided into 7 parts,and the total word count is about 30000.Firstly, the author empirically analyzes the judicial situation of interference with public administration cases. The author takes referee documents on China Judgements Online as the study sample to analyze the acts of violence and menace by ways of scientific sampling and statistic analysis, and then generalizes four judicial situations in the practice.Secondly, the author discusses the value of this study. In this part, the author discusses the importance of judging the acts of violence and menace accurately to reasonably application of this crime in two aspects: conviction and measurement of penalty.Thirdly, the author introduces the definitions of acts of violence and menace in Criminal Law. In Criminal Law, the act of violence has three forms: the narrow sense, broad sense, and the most broad sense; and the act of menace in form of action and words, but the meaning will change in different contexts.Fourthly, the author outlines the acts of violence and menace. On the base of previous parts, the author discusses the connotation, features and ways of presentation of the acts of violence and menace in the crime interference with public administration, and proposes that the objects of the act of violence shall include properties, but the author also suggests that the menace of infringement of the relatives or friends of the functionaries of state organs shall not constitute this crime.Fifthly, the author compares the acts of violence and menace in the laws in different countries. The author concludes that the single legislation mode and complex legislation mode are ubiquitous by summarizing the laws about the crime interference with public administration in different countries, and then analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these two modes. Meanwhile, the author believes that we shall learn from the advantages to improve our law from the aspects of subjects in executing public affairs, criminal objects, and the levels for discretionary actions of sentencing.Then the author studies the problems of acts of violence and menace in the crime interference with public administration from the aspects of objects, methods and levels, and brings up some suggestions. Firstly, specify the objects. The objects shall include individuals assisting in exercising public affairs authorized by state organs and the properties required in exercising public affairs. Secondly, define the manners of this crime. The manners shall include the threaten of suicide, self-mutilation and the manner of indirect violence, but the intangible violence shall be excluded. Thirdly, prescribe the limit to the acts of violence and menace. If the extent of injury does not reach the lower limit, the action shall not constitute the crime, while if the extent of injury is beyond the upper limit, the action shall convert to other crimes. Finally, the author propounds the improvement measures. This part is the conclusion of this paper, the author discusses the need to enhance the relationship between administrative enforcement of law and criminal justice. Insisting on specifying the object, manners and the limitation of this crime, and punishing the act of interference with public administration complying with the provisions will ensure suiting the punishment to the offence.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D
  • dc.description.sponsorship
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-23
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2016-05-02
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