我国刑事二审功能研究

On the Function of Chinese Criminal Procedure of Second Instance

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归属院系:

法学院

作者:

司明建

导师:

王剑虹

导师单位:

法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

刑事二审;功能;现实错位;回归完善

摘要:

刑事二审在我国司法实践中的功能发挥并不尽如人意,明确我国刑事二审的功能,以此为视角,重新审视刑事二审相关问题,评析刑事二审程序存在的问题,挖掘问题背后的成因,针对性地提出完善刑事二审程序的建议,具有一定的理论与实践价值。本文除引言外,正文分为四个部分,共计三万余字。第一部分厘清刑事二审功能理论。在我国实行两审终审制的审级制度下,刑事二审的功能与上诉制度的功能发生了重叠,这使得以上诉程序为角度研究我国刑事二审的功能存在了可能。刑事上诉制度的纠错与救济功能已得到国内外理论界的认可。除此以外,上诉制度由纠错与救济功能延伸出来的“机构性功能”或者上诉法院的“公共角色”在不同司法传统或审级制度的国家也有不同程度的体现。我国刑事二审的“机构性”功能并没有在司法实践中充分体现,但不管是从必要性还是可能性上来说,统一法律适用功能的发挥,应是我国刑事二审程序所必须密切关注的。第二部分研究我国刑事二审功能在实践中的发挥现状。在救济功能的发挥上,刑事二审在实践中存在弱化现象。不管是对一审裁判结果发回重审还是改判,二审法院并不仅仅关注案件的实体处理,还会考虑诸如业绩考评、办案便利等因素,从而影响了案件的处理结果,使得本应该由二审程序纠正的一审错误并未得到及时地发现和弥补。在救济功能的发挥上,刑事二审在实践中存在发挥不充分的现象,如无需理由的上诉使得刑事二审存在“虚化”运行的现象,二审审理过程对被告人的权利救济存在一定问题。同时在司法实践中,统一法律适用功能基本没有显现出来。第三部分研究影响我国刑事二审功能发挥的制约因素。从观念层面看,重实体轻程序的观念,追求效率、忽视公正的观念对刑事二审功能的发挥起到了潜在的影响。从程序设计来看,上诉无需理由、审判流于形式、判决说理缺失都让刑事二审偏离了其应有的“实质化”。在诉讼程序中的人权保障以及审判独立方面存在的些许问题,也使得刑事二审功能无法充分发挥。第四部分以刑事二审功能发挥为切入点,提出了改革二审程序的若干建议。其中,转变司法理念是前提,在司法人员心中形成现代化的司法理念,将对刑事二审功能的发挥产生潜移默化的积极作用;完善程序设计是基础,设置上诉理由,防止刑事二审的无理启动,节约司法资源,提高二审审判质量,促进庭审“实质化”,同时加强判决说理,发挥刑事二审统一法律适用功能;强化人权保障是关键,进一步完善辩护制度,尤其是要发挥指定辩护在发挥刑事二审救济功能上的积极作用,同时改进检察机关二审抗诉工作,防止抗诉的“偏向性”;落实审判独立是重点,废除案件请示制度,发挥合议庭在审理案件方面的优势,改革考评机制,促进法官工作积极性,提高审判工作质量。

学科:

诉讼法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

司明建. 我国刑事二审功能研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2016.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 我国刑事二审功能研究
  • dc.title
  • On the Function of Chinese Criminal Procedure of Second Instance
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20130301060502
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 司明建
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2016
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 王剑虹
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 刑事二审;功能;现实错位;回归完善
  • dc.subject
  • Criminal Procedure of Second Instance;the Function;Reality dislocation;Return to perfect
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 刑事二审在我国司法实践中的功能发挥并不尽如人意,明确我国刑事二审的功能,以此为视角,重新审视刑事二审相关问题,评析刑事二审程序存在的问题,挖掘问题背后的成因,针对性地提出完善刑事二审程序的建议,具有一定的理论与实践价值。本文除引言外,正文分为四个部分,共计三万余字。第一部分厘清刑事二审功能理论。在我国实行两审终审制的审级制度下,刑事二审的功能与上诉制度的功能发生了重叠,这使得以上诉程序为角度研究我国刑事二审的功能存在了可能。刑事上诉制度的纠错与救济功能已得到国内外理论界的认可。除此以外,上诉制度由纠错与救济功能延伸出来的“机构性功能”或者上诉法院的“公共角色”在不同司法传统或审级制度的国家也有不同程度的体现。我国刑事二审的“机构性”功能并没有在司法实践中充分体现,但不管是从必要性还是可能性上来说,统一法律适用功能的发挥,应是我国刑事二审程序所必须密切关注的。第二部分研究我国刑事二审功能在实践中的发挥现状。在救济功能的发挥上,刑事二审在实践中存在弱化现象。不管是对一审裁判结果发回重审还是改判,二审法院并不仅仅关注案件的实体处理,还会考虑诸如业绩考评、办案便利等因素,从而影响了案件的处理结果,使得本应该由二审程序纠正的一审错误并未得到及时地发现和弥补。在救济功能的发挥上,刑事二审在实践中存在发挥不充分的现象,如无需理由的上诉使得刑事二审存在“虚化”运行的现象,二审审理过程对被告人的权利救济存在一定问题。同时在司法实践中,统一法律适用功能基本没有显现出来。第三部分研究影响我国刑事二审功能发挥的制约因素。从观念层面看,重实体轻程序的观念,追求效率、忽视公正的观念对刑事二审功能的发挥起到了潜在的影响。从程序设计来看,上诉无需理由、审判流于形式、判决说理缺失都让刑事二审偏离了其应有的“实质化”。在诉讼程序中的人权保障以及审判独立方面存在的些许问题,也使得刑事二审功能无法充分发挥。第四部分以刑事二审功能发挥为切入点,提出了改革二审程序的若干建议。其中,转变司法理念是前提,在司法人员心中形成现代化的司法理念,将对刑事二审功能的发挥产生潜移默化的积极作用;完善程序设计是基础,设置上诉理由,防止刑事二审的无理启动,节约司法资源,提高二审审判质量,促进庭审“实质化”,同时加强判决说理,发挥刑事二审统一法律适用功能;强化人权保障是关键,进一步完善辩护制度,尤其是要发挥指定辩护在发挥刑事二审救济功能上的积极作用,同时改进检察机关二审抗诉工作,防止抗诉的“偏向性”;落实审判独立是重点,废除案件请示制度,发挥合议庭在审理案件方面的优势,改革考评机制,促进法官工作积极性,提高审判工作质量。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The function of criminal procedure of second instance in judicial practice in our country is is not very desirable. Based on the perspective of clearing the function of the criminal second instance in our country and re-examining the criminal second trial related issues,we can excavate the causes behind the problems and puts forward to concrete advice to perfect criminal procedure of second instance.So the study in this aspect has a very important theoretical and practical significance.In addition to the introduction, the article is divided into four parts, a total of thirty thousand words.The first part studies the theory of the function of criminal second trial . In the system of the court of second instance being the court of last instance in our country, the function of the second trial and the appeal system overlap and it offers the potential for us to study the function of the second trial in the perspective of the appeals system. The error correction function and relief function of criminal appeal system have been recognized by the theoretical circle both at home and abroad. In addition to this, the ‘Institutions function’ or the ‘public role’ of court of second instance which extended from the error correction function and relief function of criminal appeal system have different embodiments in other countries due to the different judicial tradition and trial grade system. The ‘Institutions function’ of criminal procedure of second instance in judicial practice in our country is is not very desirable.But the function to uniform the application of laws of second trial is worth paying very close attention to,no matter from the necessity or possibility.The second part studies the status quo of the function of criminal procedure of second instance in judicial practice in our country. The relief function of second trial has been weakened in judicial practice. The court of second instance will consider not only the entity of the case but also the factors beyond law,suck like performance assessment and the ease of handling which will affect the consequence of the lawsuit because of that the error that should be corrected by the court of second instance has not been found and make up in a timely manner. As to the relief function, it bot been bringed into full play, such as invalid operations of second trial due to the absence of the criminal grounds of appeal.There are many problems on the defendants' right to relief in the process of criminal second trial.And the function to uniform the application of laws do not show up adequately in judicial practice.The third part studies the restriction factors of the function of second trial. From the perspective of the concept, regard entity belittle procedure idea and the concept of pursuit of efficiency and neglect of justice have affected the function of the criminal second trial. From a process design standpoint, the absence of the criminal grounds of appeal,the mere formality of trial and the lack of judgment reasoning let the criminal trial deviate from the ought-to-be ‘substantial’. Some problems existing in the protection of human rights and judicial independence in the proceedings let the function of second trial can not give full play to the role of it.The fourth part puts forward concrete ideas to perfect criminal second instance taking the function as the breakthrough point.While the premise is the change of the judicial idea that the modern judicial ideas form in the minds of the judiciary an exert a subtle positive effect to the function of second trial. The foundation is perfect programming which has grounds for appeal so as to prevent the irrational start of criminal trial ,save judicial resources , improve the quality of the trial of second instance and romote the trial "substantial" .At the same time we need to strengthen the judgment reasoning to exert the function of law application in the criminal trial of second instance. The key is the strengthen the protection of human rights.We need to further improve the system of defense especially the designated defense system.At the same time we need to improve the prosecution trial of the protest to prevent the bias of the protest. The focus is implementation of trial independence which means the abolition of the system of asking for instructions to exert the advantages of the collegiate bench in the trial of cases. Only so can we reform the evaluation system, promote the work of the judges and improve the quality of trial work.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-04-10
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2016-05-14
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